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Download or read book Measurement Techniques in Clouds written by Donald R. Fitzgerald and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author: D. R. Fitzgerald
Publisher:
Published: 1965
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe technical problems involved in aircraft measurements of air conductivity, space charge, and electric fields are reviewed. Conductivity measurements require that particles do not strike the sensitive electrode and that electric fields in the vicinity of the air intake do not disturb the ambient ion populations. Space charge measurements are particularly required for the large ion and cloud droplet densities and for the precipitation charges. Substantial progress has been made with induction ring techniques for the precipitation charge. A great deal of work remains to be done on instrumentation for reliable droplet and large ion measurements. Electric field measurements can be accomplished with radioactive probes or field meters of the induction type. Illustrations of the performance of field meters in and around large clouds are given and the necessity of separating the aircraft charge field from the external field is stressed. (Author).
Download or read book Measurement Techniques in Clouds written by D. R. Fitzgerald and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical problems involved in aircraft measurements of air conductivity, space charge, and electric fields are reviewed. Conductivity measurements require that particles do not strike the sensitive electrode and that electric fields in the vicinity of the air intake do not disturb the ambient ion populations. Space charge measurements are particularly required for the large ion and cloud droplet densities and for the precipitation charges. Substantial progress has been made with induction ring techniques for the precipitation charge. A great deal of work remains to be done on instrumentation for reliable droplet and large ion measurements. Electric field measurements can be accomplished with radioactive probes or field meters of the induction type. Illustrations of the performance of field meters in and around large clouds are given and the necessity of separating the aircraft charge field from the external field is stressed. (Author).
Author: Tanvir Islam
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2017-10-31
Total Pages: 364
ISBN-13: 0128104384
DOWNLOAD EBOOKRemote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation compiles recent advances in aerosol, cloud, and precipitation remote sensing from new satellite observations. The book examines a wide range of measurements from microwave (both active and passive), visible, and infrared portions of the spectrum. Contributors are experts conducting state-of-the-art research in atmospheric remote sensing using space, airborne, and ground-based datasets, focusing on supporting earth observation satellite missions for aerosol, cloud, and precipitation studies. A handy reference for scientists working in remote sensing, earth science, electromagnetics, climate physics, and space engineering. Valuable for operational forecasters, meteorologists, geospatial experts, modelers, and policymakers alike. Presents new approaches in the field, along with further research opportunities, based on the latest satellite data Focuses on how remote sensing systems can be designed/developed to solve outstanding problems in earth and atmospheric sciences Edited by a dynamic team of editors with a mixture of highly skilled and qualified authors offering world-leading expertise in the field
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation written by Tanvir Islam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation compiles recent advances in aerosol, cloud, and precipitation remote sensing from new satellite observations. The book examines a wide range of measurements from microwave (both active and passive), visible, and infrared portions of the spectrum. Contributors are experts conducting state-of-the-art research in atmospheric remote sensing using space, airborne, and ground-based datasets, focusing on supporting earth observation satellite missions for aerosol, cloud, and precipitation studies. A handy reference for scientists working in remote sensing, earth science, electromagnetics, climate physics, and space engineering. Valuable for operational forecasters, meteorologists, geospatial experts, modelers, and policymakers alike. Presents new approaches in the field, along with further research opportunities, based on the latest satellite data Focuses on how remote sensing systems can be designed/developed to solve outstanding problems in earth and atmospheric sciences Edited by a dynamic team of editors with a mixture of highly skilled and qualified authors offering world-leading expertise in the field
Author: Eugene Y. Moroz
Publisher:
Published: 1975
Total Pages: 20
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA new evaluation of a ruby lidar ceilometer was performed at AFCRL as part of a program to evaluate the applicability of lasers to determine cloud height for airfield use. Comparitive measurements of cloud height were made with a standard Air Force rotating beam ceilometer (RBC). Examination of the test results shows the lidar indicates an accurate presentation of cloud structure. The RBC cloud return is affected by its geometry and by multiple scatter in the cloud. As a result, the measurement is not a true representation of cloud structure. These effects also bias the RBC to indicate higher cloud heights. However, the difference in cloud heights as measured by the two systems is not significant. Therefore, it is concluded that the lidar is a superior cloud height measuring device and both techniques provide operationally useful indications of cloud height. (Author).
Download or read book Measurement of Cloud Height written by Eugene Y. Moroz and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new evaluation of a ruby lidar ceilometer was performed at AFCRL as part of a program to evaluate the applicability of lasers to determine cloud height for airfield use. Comparitive measurements of cloud height were made with a standard Air Force rotating beam ceilometer (RBC). Examination of the test results shows the lidar indicates an accurate presentation of cloud structure. The RBC cloud return is affected by its geometry and by multiple scatter in the cloud. As a result, the measurement is not a true representation of cloud structure. These effects also bias the RBC to indicate higher cloud heights. However, the difference in cloud heights as measured by the two systems is not significant. Therefore, it is concluded that the lidar is a superior cloud height measuring device and both techniques provide operationally useful indications of cloud height. (Author).
Download or read book Improvement of Lidar Measurement Techniques for Discriminationof Polar Stratospheric Clouds and Volcanic Aerosols. Final Report written by I. Bilinskis and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author: Manfred Wendisch
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2013-03-22
Total Pages: 659
ISBN-13: 3527653236
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis first comprehensive review of airborne measurement principles covers all atmospheric components and surface parameters. It describes the common techniques to characterize aerosol particles and cloud/precipitation elements, while also explaining radiation quantities and pertinent hyperspectral and active remote sensing measurement techniques along the way. As a result, the major principles of operation are introduced and exemplified using specific instruments, treating both classic and emerging measurement techniques. The two editors head an international community of eminent scientists, all of them accepted and experienced specialists in their field, who help readers to understand specific problems related to airborne research, such as immanent uncertainties and limitations. They also provide guidance on the suitability of instruments to measure certain parameters and to select the correct type of device. While primarily intended for climate, geophysical and atmospheric researchers, its relevance to solar system objects makes this work equally appealing to astronomers studying atmospheres of solar system bodies with telescopes and space probes.
Download or read book Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research written by Manfred Wendisch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-22 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive review of airborne measurement principles covers all atmospheric components and surface parameters. It describes the common techniques to characterize aerosol particles and cloud/precipitation elements, while also explaining radiation quantities and pertinent hyperspectral and active remote sensing measurement techniques along the way. As a result, the major principles of operation are introduced and exemplified using specific instruments, treating both classic and emerging measurement techniques. The two editors head an international community of eminent scientists, all of them accepted and experienced specialists in their field, who help readers to understand specific problems related to airborne research, such as immanent uncertainties and limitations. They also provide guidance on the suitability of instruments to measure certain parameters and to select the correct type of device. While primarily intended for climate, geophysical and atmospheric researchers, its relevance to solar system objects makes this work equally appealing to astronomers studying atmospheres of solar system bodies with telescopes and space probes.
Author: Theo Lynn
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2020-08-27
Total Pages: 125
ISBN-13: 3030431983
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe importance of demonstrating the value achieved from IT investments is long established in the Computer Science (CS) and Information Systems (IS) literature. However, emerging technologies such as the ever-changing complex area of cloud computing present new challenges and opportunities for demonstrating how IT investments lead to business value. Recent reviews of extant literature highlights the need for multi-disciplinary research. This research should explore and further develops the conceptualization of value in cloud computing research. In addition, there is a need for research which investigates how IT value manifests itself across the chain of service provision and in inter-organizational scenarios. This open access book will review the state of the art from an IS, Computer Science and Accounting perspective, will introduce and discuss the main techniques for measuring business value for cloud computing in a variety of scenarios, and illustrate these with mini-case studies.
Download or read book Measuring the Business Value of Cloud Computing written by Theo Lynn and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of demonstrating the value achieved from IT investments is long established in the Computer Science (CS) and Information Systems (IS) literature. However, emerging technologies such as the ever-changing complex area of cloud computing present new challenges and opportunities for demonstrating how IT investments lead to business value. Recent reviews of extant literature highlights the need for multi-disciplinary research. This research should explore and further develops the conceptualization of value in cloud computing research. In addition, there is a need for research which investigates how IT value manifests itself across the chain of service provision and in inter-organizational scenarios. This open access book will review the state of the art from an IS, Computer Science and Accounting perspective, will introduce and discuss the main techniques for measuring business value for cloud computing in a variety of scenarios, and illustrate these with mini-case studies.
Author: Peter Hobbs
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2012-12-02
Total Pages: 512
ISBN-13: 0323140971
DOWNLOAD EBOOKClouds: Their Formation, Optical Properties, and Effects deals with the formation of clouds as well as the theoretical and experimental aspects of their microphysical and optical properties. Discussions are grouped under the headings of structure of clouds, interaction of passive radiation with clouds, and interaction of active radiation with clouds. This book is organized into three sections and has 11 chapters. After analyzing the spatial and temporal scales involved in the formation and organization of clouds and precipitation, this text examines the microphysical measurement techniques used in probing the microstructure of clouds. The reader is then methodically introduced to the microstructure of atmospheric clouds and precipitation; the formation and structure of fog; and basic shortwave characteristics of “ideal clouds. The temporal behavior of clouds and their interaction with the radiation field are considered, along with the possible effects of cloud models in general circulation studies. The remaining chapters explore the light scattering properties of ice crystals and the radiative characteristics of ice clouds; the laser measurements in clouds; the transmission and reflectivity of ice clouds by active probing; and the theory of multiple scattering of laser beams in clouds. The book concludes by presenting the measurements of the temporal and spatial spreading of a blue-green pulse through clouds and fogs as a function of optical thickness and receiver field-of-view. This text will be helpful to advanced researchers and program managers in terms of reviewing the state of the art and identifying those areas requiring further research efforts.
Download or read book Clouds Their Formation, Optical Properties, And Effects written by Peter Hobbs and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds: Their Formation, Optical Properties, and Effects deals with the formation of clouds as well as the theoretical and experimental aspects of their microphysical and optical properties. Discussions are grouped under the headings of structure of clouds, interaction of passive radiation with clouds, and interaction of active radiation with clouds. This book is organized into three sections and has 11 chapters. After analyzing the spatial and temporal scales involved in the formation and organization of clouds and precipitation, this text examines the microphysical measurement techniques used in probing the microstructure of clouds. The reader is then methodically introduced to the microstructure of atmospheric clouds and precipitation; the formation and structure of fog; and basic shortwave characteristics of “ideal clouds. The temporal behavior of clouds and their interaction with the radiation field are considered, along with the possible effects of cloud models in general circulation studies. The remaining chapters explore the light scattering properties of ice crystals and the radiative characteristics of ice clouds; the laser measurements in clouds; the transmission and reflectivity of ice clouds by active probing; and the theory of multiple scattering of laser beams in clouds. The book concludes by presenting the measurements of the temporal and spatial spreading of a blue-green pulse through clouds and fogs as a function of optical thickness and receiver field-of-view. This text will be helpful to advanced researchers and program managers in terms of reviewing the state of the art and identifying those areas requiring further research efforts.
Download or read book Proceedings-Symposium on the Measurement of Cloud Elements written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author: M. G. Ceruti
Publisher:
Published: 1979
Total Pages: 45
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA procedure is suggested to obtain the effective optical thickness, tau of clouds by measuring the atmospheric transmission of moonlight both with and without cloud cover. The optical thickness is calculated from the transmission using a theory of R E Danielson, D R Moore and H C van de Hulst (The Transfer of Visible Radiation Through Clouds, J. Atmosph. Sci., 26, 1078 (1969)), later modified by E A Bucher, (Computer Simulation of Light Pulse Propagation for Communications Through Thick Clouds, Applied Optics, 12, No. 10, p 2391-2400 (1973)). By using a wide field of view receiver to measure the irradiance, one obtains a spatial averaged value of tau, rather than a point measurement. Therefore, this method of cloud optical thickness determination may be more reliable than some previously used methods. (Author).
Download or read book Determination of Integrated Optical Thickness of Clouds from Lunar Irradiance Measurements written by M. G. Ceruti and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A procedure is suggested to obtain the effective optical thickness, tau of clouds by measuring the atmospheric transmission of moonlight both with and without cloud cover. The optical thickness is calculated from the transmission using a theory of R E Danielson, D R Moore and H C van de Hulst (The Transfer of Visible Radiation Through Clouds, J. Atmosph. Sci., 26, 1078 (1969)), later modified by E A Bucher, (Computer Simulation of Light Pulse Propagation for Communications Through Thick Clouds, Applied Optics, 12, No. 10, p 2391-2400 (1973)). By using a wide field of view receiver to measure the irradiance, one obtains a spatial averaged value of tau, rather than a point measurement. Therefore, this method of cloud optical thickness determination may be more reliable than some previously used methods. (Author).
