Measuring Human Capabilities

Measuring Human Capabilities

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2015-04-10

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 0309317207

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Every year, the U.S. Army must select from an applicant pool in the hundreds of thousands to meet annual enlistment targets, currently numbering in the tens of thousands of new soldiers. A critical component of the selection process for enlisted service members is the formal assessments administered to applicants to determine their performance potential. Attrition for the U.S. military is hugely expensive. Every recruit that does not make it through basic training or beyond a first enlistment costs hundreds of thousands of dollars. Academic and other professional settings suffer similar losses when the wrong individuals are accepted into the wrong schools and programs or jobs and companies. Picking the right people from the start is becoming increasingly important in today's economy and in response to the growing numbers of applicants. Beyond cognitive tests of ability, what other attributes should selectors be considering to know whether an individual has the talent and the capability to perform as well as the mental and psychological drive to succeed? Measuring Human Capabilities: An Agenda for Basic Research on the Assessment of Individual and Group Performance Potential for Military Accession examines promising emerging theoretical, technological, and statistical advances that could provide scientifically valid new approaches and measurement capabilities to assess human capability. This report considers the basic research necessary to maximize the efficiency, accuracy, and effective use of human capability measures in the military's selection and initial occupational assignment process. The research recommendations of Measuring Human Capabilities will identify ways to supplement the Army's enlisted soldier accession system with additional predictors of individual and collective performance. Although the primary audience for this report is the U.S. military, this book will be of interest to researchers of psychometrics, personnel selection and testing, team dynamics, cognitive ability, and measurement methods and technologies. Professionals interested in of the foundational science behind academic testing, job selection, and human resources management will also find this report of interest.


Book Synopsis Measuring Human Capabilities by : National Research Council

Download or read book Measuring Human Capabilities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-04-10 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year, the U.S. Army must select from an applicant pool in the hundreds of thousands to meet annual enlistment targets, currently numbering in the tens of thousands of new soldiers. A critical component of the selection process for enlisted service members is the formal assessments administered to applicants to determine their performance potential. Attrition for the U.S. military is hugely expensive. Every recruit that does not make it through basic training or beyond a first enlistment costs hundreds of thousands of dollars. Academic and other professional settings suffer similar losses when the wrong individuals are accepted into the wrong schools and programs or jobs and companies. Picking the right people from the start is becoming increasingly important in today's economy and in response to the growing numbers of applicants. Beyond cognitive tests of ability, what other attributes should selectors be considering to know whether an individual has the talent and the capability to perform as well as the mental and psychological drive to succeed? Measuring Human Capabilities: An Agenda for Basic Research on the Assessment of Individual and Group Performance Potential for Military Accession examines promising emerging theoretical, technological, and statistical advances that could provide scientifically valid new approaches and measurement capabilities to assess human capability. This report considers the basic research necessary to maximize the efficiency, accuracy, and effective use of human capability measures in the military's selection and initial occupational assignment process. The research recommendations of Measuring Human Capabilities will identify ways to supplement the Army's enlisted soldier accession system with additional predictors of individual and collective performance. Although the primary audience for this report is the U.S. military, this book will be of interest to researchers of psychometrics, personnel selection and testing, team dynamics, cognitive ability, and measurement methods and technologies. Professionals interested in of the foundational science behind academic testing, job selection, and human resources management will also find this report of interest.

Human Capability

Human Capability

Author: Elliott Jaques

Publisher: Falls Church, VA : Cason Hall & Company

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 192

ISBN-13:

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A major breakthrough in understanding human capability, intelligence, & development theory is reported with the results of Cason/Jaques' conclusive 3-year validation study capping Jaques' 38-year developmental program. Evidence shows that individuals mature within predictable patterns & that maturation continues throughout life. First uncovered by Dr. Jaques in 1956, this theory has been continually tested & confirmed since that time. Study validates the authors' dynamic conception about the maturation of capability beyond adolescence & includes discussion relating it to Piaget's concepts, which end at age 15, & to IQ studies which posit that intelligence fully matures by age 18. Cason/Jaques' research & field work demonstrate with high reliability & validity that when heavily engrossed in work, individuals process information in four & only four ways which recur in a series of higher orders of information complexity. Further, this hierarchy of mental processing methods corresponds with levels of individual capability & gives an objective method of DIRECT OBSERVATION of capability. The ability to plot & predict the growth of human potential capability is experienced by some as controversial. Social consequences of this work are substantial & are addressed by the authors. Order from: Cason Hall, 5201 Leesburg Pike, Suite 1103, Falls Church, VA 22041; 800-448-7357.


Book Synopsis Human Capability by : Elliott Jaques

Download or read book Human Capability written by Elliott Jaques and published by Falls Church, VA : Cason Hall & Company. This book was released on 1994 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major breakthrough in understanding human capability, intelligence, & development theory is reported with the results of Cason/Jaques' conclusive 3-year validation study capping Jaques' 38-year developmental program. Evidence shows that individuals mature within predictable patterns & that maturation continues throughout life. First uncovered by Dr. Jaques in 1956, this theory has been continually tested & confirmed since that time. Study validates the authors' dynamic conception about the maturation of capability beyond adolescence & includes discussion relating it to Piaget's concepts, which end at age 15, & to IQ studies which posit that intelligence fully matures by age 18. Cason/Jaques' research & field work demonstrate with high reliability & validity that when heavily engrossed in work, individuals process information in four & only four ways which recur in a series of higher orders of information complexity. Further, this hierarchy of mental processing methods corresponds with levels of individual capability & gives an objective method of DIRECT OBSERVATION of capability. The ability to plot & predict the growth of human potential capability is experienced by some as controversial. Social consequences of this work are substantial & are addressed by the authors. Order from: Cason Hall, 5201 Leesburg Pike, Suite 1103, Falls Church, VA 22041; 800-448-7357.

Creating Capabilities

Creating Capabilities

Author: Martha C. Nussbaum

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2013-05-13

Total Pages: 253

ISBN-13: 0674252780

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If a country’s Gross Domestic Product increases each year, but so does the percentage of its people deprived of basic education, health care, and other opportunities, is that country really making progress? If we rely on conventional economic indicators, can we ever grasp how the world’s billions of individuals are really managing? In this powerful critique, Martha Nussbaum argues that our dominant theories of development have given us policies that ignore our most basic human needs for dignity and self-respect. For the past twenty-five years, Nussbaum has been working on an alternate model to assess human development: the Capabilities Approach. She and her colleagues begin with the simplest of questions: What is each person actually able to do and to be? What real opportunities are available to them? The Capabilities Approach to human progress has until now been expounded only in specialized works. Creating Capabilities, however, affords anyone interested in issues of human development a wonderfully lucid account of the structure and practical implications of an alternate model. It demonstrates a path to justice for both humans and nonhumans, weighs its relevance against other philosophical stances, and reveals the value of its universal guidelines even as it acknowledges cultural difference. In our era of unjustifiable inequity, Nussbaum shows how—by attending to the narratives of individuals and grasping the daily impact of policy—we can enable people everywhere to live full and creative lives.


Book Synopsis Creating Capabilities by : Martha C. Nussbaum

Download or read book Creating Capabilities written by Martha C. Nussbaum and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If a country’s Gross Domestic Product increases each year, but so does the percentage of its people deprived of basic education, health care, and other opportunities, is that country really making progress? If we rely on conventional economic indicators, can we ever grasp how the world’s billions of individuals are really managing? In this powerful critique, Martha Nussbaum argues that our dominant theories of development have given us policies that ignore our most basic human needs for dignity and self-respect. For the past twenty-five years, Nussbaum has been working on an alternate model to assess human development: the Capabilities Approach. She and her colleagues begin with the simplest of questions: What is each person actually able to do and to be? What real opportunities are available to them? The Capabilities Approach to human progress has until now been expounded only in specialized works. Creating Capabilities, however, affords anyone interested in issues of human development a wonderfully lucid account of the structure and practical implications of an alternate model. It demonstrates a path to justice for both humans and nonhumans, weighs its relevance against other philosophical stances, and reveals the value of its universal guidelines even as it acknowledges cultural difference. In our era of unjustifiable inequity, Nussbaum shows how—by attending to the narratives of individuals and grasping the daily impact of policy—we can enable people everywhere to live full and creative lives.

An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach

An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach

Author: Séverine Deneulin

Publisher: IDRC

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13: 184407806X

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First Published in 2009. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.


Book Synopsis An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach by : Séverine Deneulin

Download or read book An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach written by Séverine Deneulin and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2009 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2009. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Women and Human Development

Women and Human Development

Author: Martha C. Nussbaum

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2000-03-13

Total Pages: 474

ISBN-13: 113945935X

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In this major book Martha Nussbaum, one of the most innovative and influential philosophical voices of our time, proposes a kind of feminism that is genuinely international, argues for an ethical underpinning to all thought about development planning and public policy, and dramatically moves beyond the abstractions of economists and philosophers to embed thought about justice in the concrete reality of the struggles of poor women. Nussbaum argues that international political and economic thought must be sensitive to gender difference as a problem of justice, and that feminist thought must begin to focus on the problems of women in the third world. Taking as her point of departure the predicament of poor women in India, she shows how philosophy should undergird basic constitutional principles that should be respected and implemented by all governments, and used as a comparative measure of quality of life across nations.


Book Synopsis Women and Human Development by : Martha C. Nussbaum

Download or read book Women and Human Development written by Martha C. Nussbaum and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-13 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this major book Martha Nussbaum, one of the most innovative and influential philosophical voices of our time, proposes a kind of feminism that is genuinely international, argues for an ethical underpinning to all thought about development planning and public policy, and dramatically moves beyond the abstractions of economists and philosophers to embed thought about justice in the concrete reality of the struggles of poor women. Nussbaum argues that international political and economic thought must be sensitive to gender difference as a problem of justice, and that feminist thought must begin to focus on the problems of women in the third world. Taking as her point of departure the predicament of poor women in India, she shows how philosophy should undergird basic constitutional principles that should be respected and implemented by all governments, and used as a comparative measure of quality of life across nations.

Guide on Measuring Human Capital

Guide on Measuring Human Capital

Author: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Publisher: United Nations

Published: 2017-01-16

Total Pages: 154

ISBN-13: 9210598660

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The idea of viewing individuals’ knowledge and abilities as an asset—as human capital—can be traced back to the work of Adam Smith in the 18th century. But human capital is intangible, and hence hard to define and measure. Increasingly, however, policymakers are calling for ways to understand and quantify human capital, in order to better understand what drives economic growth and the functioning of labour markets, to assess the long-term sustainability of a country’s development path, and to measure the output and productivity performance of the educational sector. Devising a robust methodology for the monetary valuation of the stock of human capital is especially important as studies suggest that human capital is by far the most important component of the total capital stock in most advanced economies. This Guide on Measuring Human Capital discusses conceptual, methodological and implementation issues and challenges. The recommendations are a first attempt to come up with a way to estimate and record the role of human capital in a way that is aligned with the principles of the national accounts and that is comparable across economies.


Book Synopsis Guide on Measuring Human Capital by : United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Download or read book Guide on Measuring Human Capital written by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2017-01-16 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of viewing individuals’ knowledge and abilities as an asset—as human capital—can be traced back to the work of Adam Smith in the 18th century. But human capital is intangible, and hence hard to define and measure. Increasingly, however, policymakers are calling for ways to understand and quantify human capital, in order to better understand what drives economic growth and the functioning of labour markets, to assess the long-term sustainability of a country’s development path, and to measure the output and productivity performance of the educational sector. Devising a robust methodology for the monetary valuation of the stock of human capital is especially important as studies suggest that human capital is by far the most important component of the total capital stock in most advanced economies. This Guide on Measuring Human Capital discusses conceptual, methodological and implementation issues and challenges. The recommendations are a first attempt to come up with a way to estimate and record the role of human capital in a way that is aligned with the principles of the national accounts and that is comparable across economies.

New Directions in Assessing Performance Potential of Individuals and Groups

New Directions in Assessing Performance Potential of Individuals and Groups

Author: Committee on Measuring Human Capabilities: Performance Potential of Individuals and Collectives

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2013-09-18

Total Pages: 121

ISBN-13: 9780309290449

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As an all-volunteer service accepting applications from nearly 400,000 potential recruits annually from across the U.S. population, the U.S. military must accurately and efficiently assess the individual capability of each recruit for the purposes of selection, job classification, and unit assignment. New Directions for Assessing Performance Potential of Individuals and Groups is the summary of a workshop held April 3-4, 2013 to examine the future of military entrance assessments. This workshop was a part of the first phase of a larger study that will investigate cutting-edge research into the measurement of both individual capabilities and group composition in order to identify future research directions that may lead to improved assessment and selection of enlisted personnel for the U.S. Army. The workshop brought together scientists from a variety of relevant areas to focus on cognitive and noncognitive attributes that can be used in the initial testing and assignment of enlisted personnel. This report discusses the evolving goals of candidate testing, emerging constructs and theory, and ethical implications of testing methods.


Book Synopsis New Directions in Assessing Performance Potential of Individuals and Groups by : Committee on Measuring Human Capabilities: Performance Potential of Individuals and Collectives

Download or read book New Directions in Assessing Performance Potential of Individuals and Groups written by Committee on Measuring Human Capabilities: Performance Potential of Individuals and Collectives and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-09-18 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As an all-volunteer service accepting applications from nearly 400,000 potential recruits annually from across the U.S. population, the U.S. military must accurately and efficiently assess the individual capability of each recruit for the purposes of selection, job classification, and unit assignment. New Directions for Assessing Performance Potential of Individuals and Groups is the summary of a workshop held April 3-4, 2013 to examine the future of military entrance assessments. This workshop was a part of the first phase of a larger study that will investigate cutting-edge research into the measurement of both individual capabilities and group composition in order to identify future research directions that may lead to improved assessment and selection of enlisted personnel for the U.S. Army. The workshop brought together scientists from a variety of relevant areas to focus on cognitive and noncognitive attributes that can be used in the initial testing and assignment of enlisted personnel. This report discusses the evolving goals of candidate testing, emerging constructs and theory, and ethical implications of testing methods.

Human Abilities

Human Abilities

Author: Ian Dennis

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2015-05-07

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781138882836

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This volume brings together many of the leading researchers on human intelligence and cognition to address issues including definition, measurement, and instructional design. Its publication is a result of the Inaugural Spearman Seminar recently held at the University of Plymouth -- a seminar that is slated to become a regularly scheduled event providing a major international forum for the presentation of work on human abilities. To properly inaugurate this series, scientific experts in this field were asked to reflect on various issues raised but not resolved in Charles Spearman's classic work, The Abilities of Man: Their Nature and Measurement, published in 1927. As a result of this approach, the book offers a unique overview of the way in which the study of human abilities has developed since 1927, and of current positions in the field. It offers exhaustive discussions on: * the nature of cognitive abilities and intelligence -- a review of how the factor analytic approach to abilities which grew out of Spearman's work has developed, thoughts regarding the contribution of a cross-cultural perspective, and an elucidation of some of the conceptual issues which often cloud discussions of ability; * different aspects of the contribution of cognitive psychology to our understanding of abilities -- the relationship between Spearman's g and working memory, links between attention and cognitive style, and the area of spatial abilities; * recent developments in latent variable and item response modeling; and * applied issues -- the argument that little predictive value can be gained in occupational selection from measuring abilities other than Spearman's g, and the question of aptitude treatment interactions in education.


Book Synopsis Human Abilities by : Ian Dennis

Download or read book Human Abilities written by Ian Dennis and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-05-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together many of the leading researchers on human intelligence and cognition to address issues including definition, measurement, and instructional design. Its publication is a result of the Inaugural Spearman Seminar recently held at the University of Plymouth -- a seminar that is slated to become a regularly scheduled event providing a major international forum for the presentation of work on human abilities. To properly inaugurate this series, scientific experts in this field were asked to reflect on various issues raised but not resolved in Charles Spearman's classic work, The Abilities of Man: Their Nature and Measurement, published in 1927. As a result of this approach, the book offers a unique overview of the way in which the study of human abilities has developed since 1927, and of current positions in the field. It offers exhaustive discussions on: * the nature of cognitive abilities and intelligence -- a review of how the factor analytic approach to abilities which grew out of Spearman's work has developed, thoughts regarding the contribution of a cross-cultural perspective, and an elucidation of some of the conceptual issues which often cloud discussions of ability; * different aspects of the contribution of cognitive psychology to our understanding of abilities -- the relationship between Spearman's g and working memory, links between attention and cognitive style, and the area of spatial abilities; * recent developments in latent variable and item response modeling; and * applied issues -- the argument that little predictive value can be gained in occupational selection from measuring abilities other than Spearman's g, and the question of aptitude treatment interactions in education.

The Cambridge Handbook of the Capability Approach

The Cambridge Handbook of the Capability Approach

Author: Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2020-11-19

Total Pages: 966

ISBN-13: 1108882889

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This landmark handbook collects in a single volume the current state of cutting-edge research on the capability approach. It includes a comprehensive introduction to the approach as well as new research from leading scholars in this increasingly influential multi-disciplinary field, including the pioneers of capability research, Martha C. Nussbaum and Amartya Sen. Incorporating both approachable introductory chapters and more in-depth analysis relating to the central philosophical, conceptual and theoretical issues of capability research, this handbook also includes analytical and measurement tools, as well as policy approaches which have emerged in the recent literature. The handbook will be an invaluable resource for students approaching the capability approach for the first time as well as for researchers engaged in advanced research in a wide range of disciplines, including development studies, economics, gender studies, political science and political philosophy.


Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of the Capability Approach by : Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of the Capability Approach written by Enrica Chiappero-Martinetti and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark handbook collects in a single volume the current state of cutting-edge research on the capability approach. It includes a comprehensive introduction to the approach as well as new research from leading scholars in this increasingly influential multi-disciplinary field, including the pioneers of capability research, Martha C. Nussbaum and Amartya Sen. Incorporating both approachable introductory chapters and more in-depth analysis relating to the central philosophical, conceptual and theoretical issues of capability research, this handbook also includes analytical and measurement tools, as well as policy approaches which have emerged in the recent literature. The handbook will be an invaluable resource for students approaching the capability approach for the first time as well as for researchers engaged in advanced research in a wide range of disciplines, including development studies, economics, gender studies, political science and political philosophy.

Measuring Human Abilities

Measuring Human Abilities

Author: Philip Merrifield

Publisher:

Published: 1981

Total Pages: 120

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Measuring Human Abilities by : Philip Merrifield

Download or read book Measuring Human Abilities written by Philip Merrifield and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: