Model Order Reduction: Theory, Research Aspects and Applications

Model Order Reduction: Theory, Research Aspects and Applications

Author: Wilhelmus H. Schilders

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-08-27

Total Pages: 471

ISBN-13: 3540788417

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The idea for this book originated during the workshop “Model order reduction, coupled problems and optimization” held at the Lorentz Center in Leiden from S- tember 19–23, 2005. During one of the discussion sessions, it became clear that a book describing the state of the art in model order reduction, starting from the very basics and containing an overview of all relevant techniques, would be of great use for students, young researchers starting in the ?eld, and experienced researchers. The observation that most of the theory on model order reduction is scattered over many good papers, making it dif?cult to ?nd a good starting point, was supported by most of the participants. Moreover, most of the speakers at the workshop were willing to contribute to the book that is now in front of you. The goal of this book, as de?ned during the discussion sessions at the workshop, is three-fold: ?rst, it should describe the basics of model order reduction. Second, both general and more specialized model order reduction techniques for linear and nonlinear systems should be covered, including the use of several related numerical techniques. Third, the use of model order reduction techniques in practical appli- tions and current research aspects should be discussed. We have organized the book according to these goals. In Part I, the rationale behind model order reduction is explained, and an overview of the most common methods is described.


Book Synopsis Model Order Reduction: Theory, Research Aspects and Applications by : Wilhelmus H. Schilders

Download or read book Model Order Reduction: Theory, Research Aspects and Applications written by Wilhelmus H. Schilders and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea for this book originated during the workshop “Model order reduction, coupled problems and optimization” held at the Lorentz Center in Leiden from S- tember 19–23, 2005. During one of the discussion sessions, it became clear that a book describing the state of the art in model order reduction, starting from the very basics and containing an overview of all relevant techniques, would be of great use for students, young researchers starting in the ?eld, and experienced researchers. The observation that most of the theory on model order reduction is scattered over many good papers, making it dif?cult to ?nd a good starting point, was supported by most of the participants. Moreover, most of the speakers at the workshop were willing to contribute to the book that is now in front of you. The goal of this book, as de?ned during the discussion sessions at the workshop, is three-fold: ?rst, it should describe the basics of model order reduction. Second, both general and more specialized model order reduction techniques for linear and nonlinear systems should be covered, including the use of several related numerical techniques. Third, the use of model order reduction techniques in practical appli- tions and current research aspects should be discussed. We have organized the book according to these goals. In Part I, the rationale behind model order reduction is explained, and an overview of the most common methods is described.

Model Order Reduction Techniques with Applications in Finite Element Analysis

Model Order Reduction Techniques with Applications in Finite Element Analysis

Author: Zu-Qing Qu

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-14

Total Pages: 379

ISBN-13: 1447138279

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Despite the continued rapid advance in computing speed and memory the increase in the complexity of models used by engineers persists in outpacing them. Even where there is access to the latest hardware, simulations are often extremely computationally intensive and time-consuming when full-blown models are under consideration. The need to reduce the computational cost involved when dealing with high-order/many-degree-of-freedom models can be offset by adroit computation. In this light, model-reduction methods have become a major goal of simulation and modeling research. Model reduction can also ameliorate problems in the correlation of widely used finite-element analyses and test analysis models produced by excessive system complexity. Model Order Reduction Techniques explains and compares such methods focusing mainly on recent work in dynamic condensation techniques: - Compares the effectiveness of static, exact, dynamic, SEREP and iterative-dynamic condensation techniques in producing valid reduced-order models; - Shows how frequency shifting and the number of degrees of freedom affect the desirability and accuracy of using dynamic condensation; - Answers the challenges involved in dealing with undamped and non-classically damped models; - Requires little more than first-engineering-degree mathematics and highlights important points with instructive examples. Academics working in research on structural dynamics, MEMS, vibration, finite elements and other computational methods in mechanical, aerospace and structural engineering will find Model Order Reduction Techniques of great interest while it is also an excellent resource for researchers working on commercial finite-element-related software such as ANSYS and Nastran.


Book Synopsis Model Order Reduction Techniques with Applications in Finite Element Analysis by : Zu-Qing Qu

Download or read book Model Order Reduction Techniques with Applications in Finite Element Analysis written by Zu-Qing Qu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the continued rapid advance in computing speed and memory the increase in the complexity of models used by engineers persists in outpacing them. Even where there is access to the latest hardware, simulations are often extremely computationally intensive and time-consuming when full-blown models are under consideration. The need to reduce the computational cost involved when dealing with high-order/many-degree-of-freedom models can be offset by adroit computation. In this light, model-reduction methods have become a major goal of simulation and modeling research. Model reduction can also ameliorate problems in the correlation of widely used finite-element analyses and test analysis models produced by excessive system complexity. Model Order Reduction Techniques explains and compares such methods focusing mainly on recent work in dynamic condensation techniques: - Compares the effectiveness of static, exact, dynamic, SEREP and iterative-dynamic condensation techniques in producing valid reduced-order models; - Shows how frequency shifting and the number of degrees of freedom affect the desirability and accuracy of using dynamic condensation; - Answers the challenges involved in dealing with undamped and non-classically damped models; - Requires little more than first-engineering-degree mathematics and highlights important points with instructive examples. Academics working in research on structural dynamics, MEMS, vibration, finite elements and other computational methods in mechanical, aerospace and structural engineering will find Model Order Reduction Techniques of great interest while it is also an excellent resource for researchers working on commercial finite-element-related software such as ANSYS and Nastran.

Model Order Reduction Techniques with Applications in Electrical Engineering

Model Order Reduction Techniques with Applications in Electrical Engineering

Author: L. Fortuna

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 1447131983

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Model Order Reduction Techniqes focuses on model reduction problems with particular applications in electrical engineering. Starting with a clear outline of the technique and their wide methodological background, central topics are introduced including mathematical tools, physical processes, numerical computing experience, software developments and knowledge of system theory. Several model reduction algorithms are then discussed. The aim of this work is to give the reader an overview of reduced-order model design and an operative guide. Particular attention is given to providing basic concepts for building expert systems for model reducution.


Book Synopsis Model Order Reduction Techniques with Applications in Electrical Engineering by : L. Fortuna

Download or read book Model Order Reduction Techniques with Applications in Electrical Engineering written by L. Fortuna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Model Order Reduction Techniqes focuses on model reduction problems with particular applications in electrical engineering. Starting with a clear outline of the technique and their wide methodological background, central topics are introduced including mathematical tools, physical processes, numerical computing experience, software developments and knowledge of system theory. Several model reduction algorithms are then discussed. The aim of this work is to give the reader an overview of reduced-order model design and an operative guide. Particular attention is given to providing basic concepts for building expert systems for model reducution.

Reduced Order Methods for Modeling and Computational Reduction

Reduced Order Methods for Modeling and Computational Reduction

Author: Alfio Quarteroni

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-06-05

Total Pages: 338

ISBN-13: 3319020900

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This monograph addresses the state of the art of reduced order methods for modeling and computational reduction of complex parametrized systems, governed by ordinary and/or partial differential equations, with a special emphasis on real time computing techniques and applications in computational mechanics, bioengineering and computer graphics. Several topics are covered, including: design, optimization, and control theory in real-time with applications in engineering; data assimilation, geometry registration, and parameter estimation with special attention to real-time computing in biomedical engineering and computational physics; real-time visualization of physics-based simulations in computer science; the treatment of high-dimensional problems in state space, physical space, or parameter space; the interactions between different model reduction and dimensionality reduction approaches; the development of general error estimation frameworks which take into account both model and discretization effects. This book is primarily addressed to computational scientists interested in computational reduction techniques for large scale differential problems.


Book Synopsis Reduced Order Methods for Modeling and Computational Reduction by : Alfio Quarteroni

Download or read book Reduced Order Methods for Modeling and Computational Reduction written by Alfio Quarteroni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph addresses the state of the art of reduced order methods for modeling and computational reduction of complex parametrized systems, governed by ordinary and/or partial differential equations, with a special emphasis on real time computing techniques and applications in computational mechanics, bioengineering and computer graphics. Several topics are covered, including: design, optimization, and control theory in real-time with applications in engineering; data assimilation, geometry registration, and parameter estimation with special attention to real-time computing in biomedical engineering and computational physics; real-time visualization of physics-based simulations in computer science; the treatment of high-dimensional problems in state space, physical space, or parameter space; the interactions between different model reduction and dimensionality reduction approaches; the development of general error estimation frameworks which take into account both model and discretization effects. This book is primarily addressed to computational scientists interested in computational reduction techniques for large scale differential problems.

Encyclopedia of Systems and Control

Encyclopedia of Systems and Control

Author: John Baillieul

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-07-29

Total Pages: 1554

ISBN-13: 9781447150572

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The Encyclopedia of Systems and Control collects a broad range of short expository articles that describe the current state of the art in the central topics of control and systems engineering as well as in many of the related fields in which control is an enabling technology. The editors have assembled the most comprehensive reference possible, and this has been greatly facilitated by the publisher’s commitment continuously to publish updates to the articles as they become available in the future. Although control engineering is now a mature discipline, it remains an area in which there is a great deal of research activity, and as new developments in both theory and applications become available, they will be included in the online version of the encyclopedia. A carefully chosen team of leading authorities in the field has written the well over 250 articles that comprise the work. The topics range from basic principles of feedback in servomechanisms to advanced topics such as the control of Boolean networks and evolutionary game theory. Because the content has been selected to reflect both foundational importance as well as subjects that are of current interest to the research and practitioner communities, a broad readership that includes students, application engineers, and research scientists will find material that is of interest.


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Systems and Control by : John Baillieul

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Systems and Control written by John Baillieul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-29 with total page 1554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Systems and Control collects a broad range of short expository articles that describe the current state of the art in the central topics of control and systems engineering as well as in many of the related fields in which control is an enabling technology. The editors have assembled the most comprehensive reference possible, and this has been greatly facilitated by the publisher’s commitment continuously to publish updates to the articles as they become available in the future. Although control engineering is now a mature discipline, it remains an area in which there is a great deal of research activity, and as new developments in both theory and applications become available, they will be included in the online version of the encyclopedia. A carefully chosen team of leading authorities in the field has written the well over 250 articles that comprise the work. The topics range from basic principles of feedback in servomechanisms to advanced topics such as the control of Boolean networks and evolutionary game theory. Because the content has been selected to reflect both foundational importance as well as subjects that are of current interest to the research and practitioner communities, a broad readership that includes students, application engineers, and research scientists will find material that is of interest.

Linear and Nonlinear Model Order Reduction for Numerical Simulation of Electric Circuits

Linear and Nonlinear Model Order Reduction for Numerical Simulation of Electric Circuits

Author: Kasra Mohaghegh

Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 106

ISBN-13: 3832527117

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Increasing complexity combined with decreasing geometrical sizes in electric circuit design lead to high dimensional dynamical models to be considered by EDA tools. Model order reduction (MOR) has become a popular strategy to decrease the problem's size while preserving its crucial properties. MOR shall achieve accurate statements on a circuit's behavior within an affordable amount of computational time. Just recently, MOR techniques are designed to consider the differential algebraic nature of the underlying models. We present an approach based on an e-embedding, i.e., a strategy applied in the construction of numerical integration schemes for differential algebraic equations (DAEs). The system of DAEs is transformed into an artificial system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), since MOR schemes for ODEs can be applied now. We construct, analyze and test different strategies with respect to the usage of the parameter e that transforms the DAEs into ODEs. Moreover, accurate mathematical models for MOS-devices introduce highly nonlinear equations. As the packing density of devices is growing in circuit design, huge nonlinear systems appear in practice. It follows an increasing demand for reduced order modeling of nonlinear problems. In the thesis, we also review the status of existing techniques for nonlinear MOR by investigating the performance of the schemes applied in circuit simulation.


Book Synopsis Linear and Nonlinear Model Order Reduction for Numerical Simulation of Electric Circuits by : Kasra Mohaghegh

Download or read book Linear and Nonlinear Model Order Reduction for Numerical Simulation of Electric Circuits written by Kasra Mohaghegh and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2010 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing complexity combined with decreasing geometrical sizes in electric circuit design lead to high dimensional dynamical models to be considered by EDA tools. Model order reduction (MOR) has become a popular strategy to decrease the problem's size while preserving its crucial properties. MOR shall achieve accurate statements on a circuit's behavior within an affordable amount of computational time. Just recently, MOR techniques are designed to consider the differential algebraic nature of the underlying models. We present an approach based on an e-embedding, i.e., a strategy applied in the construction of numerical integration schemes for differential algebraic equations (DAEs). The system of DAEs is transformed into an artificial system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), since MOR schemes for ODEs can be applied now. We construct, analyze and test different strategies with respect to the usage of the parameter e that transforms the DAEs into ODEs. Moreover, accurate mathematical models for MOS-devices introduce highly nonlinear equations. As the packing density of devices is growing in circuit design, huge nonlinear systems appear in practice. It follows an increasing demand for reduced order modeling of nonlinear problems. In the thesis, we also review the status of existing techniques for nonlinear MOR by investigating the performance of the schemes applied in circuit simulation.

Model Reduction for Circuit Simulation

Model Reduction for Circuit Simulation

Author: Peter Benner

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-03-25

Total Pages: 317

ISBN-13: 940070089X

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Simulation based on mathematical models plays a major role in computer aided design of integrated circuits (ICs). Decreasing structure sizes, increasing packing densities and driving frequencies require the use of refined mathematical models, and to take into account secondary, parasitic effects. This leads to very high dimensional problems which nowadays require simulation times too large for the short time-to-market demands in industry. Modern Model Order Reduction (MOR) techniques present a way out of this dilemma in providing surrogate models which keep the main characteristics of the device while requiring a significantly lower simulation time than the full model. With Model Reduction for Circuit Simulation we survey the state of the art in the challenging research field of MOR for ICs, and also address its future research directions. Special emphasis is taken on aspects stemming from miniturisations to the nano scale. Contributions cover complexity reduction using e.g., balanced truncation, Krylov-techniques or POD approaches. For semiconductor applications a focus is on generalising current techniques to differential-algebraic equations, on including design parameters, on preserving stability, and on including nonlinearity by means of piecewise linearisations along solution trajectories (TPWL) and interpolation techniques for nonlinear parts. Furthermore the influence of interconnects and power grids on the physical properties of the device is considered, and also top-down system design approaches in which detailed block descriptions are combined with behavioral models. Further topics consider MOR and the combination of approaches from optimisation and statistics, and the inclusion of PDE models with emphasis on MOR for the resulting partial differential algebraic systems. The methods which currently are being developed have also relevance in other application areas such as mechanical multibody systems, and systems arising in chemistry and to biology. The current number of books in the area of MOR for ICs is very limited, so that this volume helps to fill a gap in providing the state of the art material, and to stimulate further research in this area of MOR. Model Reduction for Circuit Simulation also reflects and documents the vivid interaction between three active research projects in this area, namely the EU-Marie Curie Action ToK project O-MOORE-NICE (members in Belgium, The Netherlands and Germany), the EU-Marie Curie Action RTN-project COMSON (members in The Netherlands, Italy, Germany, and Romania), and the German federal project System reduction in nano-electronics (SyreNe).


Book Synopsis Model Reduction for Circuit Simulation by : Peter Benner

Download or read book Model Reduction for Circuit Simulation written by Peter Benner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-25 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulation based on mathematical models plays a major role in computer aided design of integrated circuits (ICs). Decreasing structure sizes, increasing packing densities and driving frequencies require the use of refined mathematical models, and to take into account secondary, parasitic effects. This leads to very high dimensional problems which nowadays require simulation times too large for the short time-to-market demands in industry. Modern Model Order Reduction (MOR) techniques present a way out of this dilemma in providing surrogate models which keep the main characteristics of the device while requiring a significantly lower simulation time than the full model. With Model Reduction for Circuit Simulation we survey the state of the art in the challenging research field of MOR for ICs, and also address its future research directions. Special emphasis is taken on aspects stemming from miniturisations to the nano scale. Contributions cover complexity reduction using e.g., balanced truncation, Krylov-techniques or POD approaches. For semiconductor applications a focus is on generalising current techniques to differential-algebraic equations, on including design parameters, on preserving stability, and on including nonlinearity by means of piecewise linearisations along solution trajectories (TPWL) and interpolation techniques for nonlinear parts. Furthermore the influence of interconnects and power grids on the physical properties of the device is considered, and also top-down system design approaches in which detailed block descriptions are combined with behavioral models. Further topics consider MOR and the combination of approaches from optimisation and statistics, and the inclusion of PDE models with emphasis on MOR for the resulting partial differential algebraic systems. The methods which currently are being developed have also relevance in other application areas such as mechanical multibody systems, and systems arising in chemistry and to biology. The current number of books in the area of MOR for ICs is very limited, so that this volume helps to fill a gap in providing the state of the art material, and to stimulate further research in this area of MOR. Model Reduction for Circuit Simulation also reflects and documents the vivid interaction between three active research projects in this area, namely the EU-Marie Curie Action ToK project O-MOORE-NICE (members in Belgium, The Netherlands and Germany), the EU-Marie Curie Action RTN-project COMSON (members in The Netherlands, Italy, Germany, and Romania), and the German federal project System reduction in nano-electronics (SyreNe).

Interpolatory Methods for Model Reduction

Interpolatory Methods for Model Reduction

Author: A. C. Antoulas

Publisher: SIAM

Published: 2020-01-13

Total Pages: 244

ISBN-13: 1611976081

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Dynamical systems are a principal tool in the modeling, prediction, and control of a wide range of complex phenomena. As the need for improved accuracy leads to larger and more complex dynamical systems, direct simulation often becomes the only available strategy for accurate prediction or control, inevitably creating a considerable burden on computational resources. This is the main context where one considers model reduction, seeking to replace large systems of coupled differential and algebraic equations that constitute high fidelity system models with substantially fewer equations that are crafted to control the loss of fidelity that order reduction may induce in the system response. Interpolatory methods are among the most widely used model reduction techniques, and Interpolatory Methods for Model Reduction is the first comprehensive analysis of this approach available in a single, extensive resource. It introduces state-of-the-art methods reflecting significant developments over the past two decades, covering both classical projection frameworks for model reduction and data-driven, nonintrusive frameworks. This textbook is appropriate for a wide audience of engineers and other scientists working in the general areas of large-scale dynamical systems and data-driven modeling of dynamics.


Book Synopsis Interpolatory Methods for Model Reduction by : A. C. Antoulas

Download or read book Interpolatory Methods for Model Reduction written by A. C. Antoulas and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamical systems are a principal tool in the modeling, prediction, and control of a wide range of complex phenomena. As the need for improved accuracy leads to larger and more complex dynamical systems, direct simulation often becomes the only available strategy for accurate prediction or control, inevitably creating a considerable burden on computational resources. This is the main context where one considers model reduction, seeking to replace large systems of coupled differential and algebraic equations that constitute high fidelity system models with substantially fewer equations that are crafted to control the loss of fidelity that order reduction may induce in the system response. Interpolatory methods are among the most widely used model reduction techniques, and Interpolatory Methods for Model Reduction is the first comprehensive analysis of this approach available in a single, extensive resource. It introduces state-of-the-art methods reflecting significant developments over the past two decades, covering both classical projection frameworks for model reduction and data-driven, nonintrusive frameworks. This textbook is appropriate for a wide audience of engineers and other scientists working in the general areas of large-scale dynamical systems and data-driven modeling of dynamics.

Coupled Multiscale Simulation and Optimization in Nanoelectronics

Coupled Multiscale Simulation and Optimization in Nanoelectronics

Author: Michael Günther

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-06-15

Total Pages: 574

ISBN-13: 3662466724

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Designing complex integrated circuits relies heavily on mathematical methods and calls for suitable simulation and optimization tools. The current design approach involves simulations and optimizations in different physical domains (device, circuit, thermal, electromagnetic) and in a range of electrical engineering disciplines (logic, timing, power, crosstalk, signal integrity, system functionality). COMSON was a Marie Curie Research Training Network created to meet these new scientific and training challenges by (a) developing new descriptive models that take these mutual dependencies into account, (b) combining these models with existing circuit descriptions in new simulation strategies and (c) developing new optimization techniques that will accommodate new designs. The book presents the main project results in the fields of PDAE modeling and simulation, model order reduction techniques and optimization, based on merging the know-how of three major European semiconductor companies with the combined expertise of university groups specialized in developing suitable mathematical models, numerical schemes and e-learning facilities. In addition, a common Demonstrator Platform for testing mathematical methods and approaches was created to assess whether they are capable of addressing the industry’s problems, and to educate young researchers by providing hands-on experience with state-of-the-art problems.


Book Synopsis Coupled Multiscale Simulation and Optimization in Nanoelectronics by : Michael Günther

Download or read book Coupled Multiscale Simulation and Optimization in Nanoelectronics written by Michael Günther and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designing complex integrated circuits relies heavily on mathematical methods and calls for suitable simulation and optimization tools. The current design approach involves simulations and optimizations in different physical domains (device, circuit, thermal, electromagnetic) and in a range of electrical engineering disciplines (logic, timing, power, crosstalk, signal integrity, system functionality). COMSON was a Marie Curie Research Training Network created to meet these new scientific and training challenges by (a) developing new descriptive models that take these mutual dependencies into account, (b) combining these models with existing circuit descriptions in new simulation strategies and (c) developing new optimization techniques that will accommodate new designs. The book presents the main project results in the fields of PDAE modeling and simulation, model order reduction techniques and optimization, based on merging the know-how of three major European semiconductor companies with the combined expertise of university groups specialized in developing suitable mathematical models, numerical schemes and e-learning facilities. In addition, a common Demonstrator Platform for testing mathematical methods and approaches was created to assess whether they are capable of addressing the industry’s problems, and to educate young researchers by providing hands-on experience with state-of-the-art problems.

Index-aware Model Order Reduction Methods

Index-aware Model Order Reduction Methods

Author: N. Banagaaya

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-03-05

Total Pages: 86

ISBN-13: 9462391890

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The main aim of this book is to discuss model order reduction (MOR) methods for differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) with linear coefficients that make use of splitting techniques before applying model order reduction. The splitting produces a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) and a system of algebraic equations, which are then reduced separately. For the reduction of the ODE system, conventional MOR methods can be used, whereas for the reduction of the algebraic systems new methods are discussed. The discussion focuses on the index-aware model order reduction method (IMOR) and its variations, methods for which the so-called index of the original model is automatically preserved after reduction.


Book Synopsis Index-aware Model Order Reduction Methods by : N. Banagaaya

Download or read book Index-aware Model Order Reduction Methods written by N. Banagaaya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-05 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main aim of this book is to discuss model order reduction (MOR) methods for differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) with linear coefficients that make use of splitting techniques before applying model order reduction. The splitting produces a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) and a system of algebraic equations, which are then reduced separately. For the reduction of the ODE system, conventional MOR methods can be used, whereas for the reduction of the algebraic systems new methods are discussed. The discussion focuses on the index-aware model order reduction method (IMOR) and its variations, methods for which the so-called index of the original model is automatically preserved after reduction.