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This anchor volume to the series Managing Global Genetic Resources examines the structure that underlies efforts to preserve genetic material, including the worldwide network of genetic collections; the role of biotechnology; and a host of issues that surround management and use. Among the topics explored are in situ versus ex situ conservation, management of very large collections of genetic material, problems of quarantine, the controversy over ownership or copyright of genetic material, and more.
Book Synopsis Managing Global Genetic Resources by : National Research Council
Download or read book Managing Global Genetic Resources written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anchor volume to the series Managing Global Genetic Resources examines the structure that underlies efforts to preserve genetic material, including the worldwide network of genetic collections; the role of biotechnology; and a host of issues that surround management and use. Among the topics explored are in situ versus ex situ conservation, management of very large collections of genetic material, problems of quarantine, the controversy over ownership or copyright of genetic material, and more.
The scientific and technical development of any kind of germplasm is regulated by a vast network of treaties, conventions, international agreements, and national and regional legislation. These regulations govern biotechnological innovations in plants and microorganisms, access to and use of plant genetic resources, and biosafety. This complex mix has made it difficult to arrive at global interpretations, due to overlaps, gaps, ambiguities, contradictions, and lack of consistency. The big picture is even more complex, as a series of scientific developments – gene editing in particular – have in some cases rendered these international regulatory frameworks obsolete. This book puts forward an innovative approach: a “Comprehensive Plant Germplasm System”. The System is a cooperative game theory-based proposal for a binding international convention which would supersede all other conventions, treaties, national and regional legislation covering native varieties and traditional developments, heterogeneous plant varieties, microorganisms, biotechnological inventions, plant genetic resources, and biosafety regulation. In short, it offers a comprehensive framework regarding intellectual property, biosafety, and business regulation and covers all types of germplasm. If applied, the system is expected to yield higher productivity rates in crops and improved food biodiversity, as well as a new paradigm based on the promotion of innovation for “Agriculture 4.0.”
Book Synopsis Fostering Innovation for Agriculture 4.0 by : Miguel Angel Rapela
Download or read book Fostering Innovation for Agriculture 4.0 written by Miguel Angel Rapela and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scientific and technical development of any kind of germplasm is regulated by a vast network of treaties, conventions, international agreements, and national and regional legislation. These regulations govern biotechnological innovations in plants and microorganisms, access to and use of plant genetic resources, and biosafety. This complex mix has made it difficult to arrive at global interpretations, due to overlaps, gaps, ambiguities, contradictions, and lack of consistency. The big picture is even more complex, as a series of scientific developments – gene editing in particular – have in some cases rendered these international regulatory frameworks obsolete. This book puts forward an innovative approach: a “Comprehensive Plant Germplasm System”. The System is a cooperative game theory-based proposal for a binding international convention which would supersede all other conventions, treaties, national and regional legislation covering native varieties and traditional developments, heterogeneous plant varieties, microorganisms, biotechnological inventions, plant genetic resources, and biosafety regulation. In short, it offers a comprehensive framework regarding intellectual property, biosafety, and business regulation and covers all types of germplasm. If applied, the system is expected to yield higher productivity rates in crops and improved food biodiversity, as well as a new paradigm based on the promotion of innovation for “Agriculture 4.0.”
Download or read book Seeds for Our Future written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
In the United States, the critical task of preserving our plant genetic resources is the responsibility of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). NPGS undergoes a thorough analysis in this book, which offers wide-ranging recommendations for equipping the agency to better meet U.S. needsâ€"and lead international conservation efforts. The book outlines the importance and status of plant genetic conservation and evaluates NPGS's multifaceted operations. Two options for revamping NPGS within the U.S. Department of Agriculture are included.
Book Synopsis The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System by : National Research Council
Download or read book The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, the critical task of preserving our plant genetic resources is the responsibility of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). NPGS undergoes a thorough analysis in this book, which offers wide-ranging recommendations for equipping the agency to better meet U.S. needsâ€"and lead international conservation efforts. The book outlines the importance and status of plant genetic conservation and evaluates NPGS's multifaceted operations. Two options for revamping NPGS within the U.S. Department of Agriculture are included.
Book Synopsis U.S. Department of Agriculture by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book U.S. Department of Agriculture written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 100th Anniversary of USDA Plant Exploration by :
Download or read book 100th Anniversary of USDA Plant Exploration written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Topics for the Beltsville Symposia are selected to highlight specific areas of research and science policy that are of concern to scientists in the Beltsville Area as well as to the general scientific community. Each sympo sium in the series is structured to provide a realistic appraisal of current findings, research progress, and relevant policy issues within the constraints established by the organizing committee. Thus, the presentations and dis cussions that have marked these symposia have had a strong appeal to the broad community of scientists. Knowledge of the diversity of living organisms is still quite limited. Since the time of Linnaeus, about 1.7 million species have been described. The actual number has been estimated between 5-50 million. Many species, land races, and strains are vanishing. Clearly, the world's scientific institutions are inadequately equipped to attain sufficient knowledge of a significant fraction of the diverse living forms. Also, efforts in the collection and preservation of germplasm of plants and animals urgently need to be strengthened. These mattes are critically important to future generations. This symposium addresses vital concerns of biotic diversity and germ plasm preservation from diverse perspectives. Many of the parts provide concrete recommendations for action, and they call attention to areas of research that must be pursued with intensity.
Book Synopsis Biotic Diversity and Germplasm Preservation, Global Imperatives by : Lloyd Knutson
Download or read book Biotic Diversity and Germplasm Preservation, Global Imperatives written by Lloyd Knutson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics for the Beltsville Symposia are selected to highlight specific areas of research and science policy that are of concern to scientists in the Beltsville Area as well as to the general scientific community. Each sympo sium in the series is structured to provide a realistic appraisal of current findings, research progress, and relevant policy issues within the constraints established by the organizing committee. Thus, the presentations and dis cussions that have marked these symposia have had a strong appeal to the broad community of scientists. Knowledge of the diversity of living organisms is still quite limited. Since the time of Linnaeus, about 1.7 million species have been described. The actual number has been estimated between 5-50 million. Many species, land races, and strains are vanishing. Clearly, the world's scientific institutions are inadequately equipped to attain sufficient knowledge of a significant fraction of the diverse living forms. Also, efforts in the collection and preservation of germplasm of plants and animals urgently need to be strengthened. These mattes are critically important to future generations. This symposium addresses vital concerns of biotic diversity and germ plasm preservation from diverse perspectives. Many of the parts provide concrete recommendations for action, and they call attention to areas of research that must be pursued with intensity.
NPGS is primarily a federally and state-supported effort aimed at maintaining supplies of plant germplasm with diverse genetic traits for use in breeding and scientific research. The diversity in germplasm collections enables breeders to develop improved crops that are more productive and often less vulnerable to pests and diseases. These collections are particularly important because the diversity of germplasm worldwide has been reduced by several factors, such as the widespread use of genetically uniform crops in commercial agriculture and the destruction of natural habitats that have been important sources of germplasm. The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 established the main components of NPGS as well as a legal basis for federal and state cooperation in managing plant genetic resources. NPGS' current organizational structure-a geographically dispersed network of germplasm collections administered primarily by USDA'S Agricultural Research Service (ARS)-merged in the early 1970s. NPGS maintains about 440,000 germplasm samples for over 85 crops at 22 sites throughout the country and in Puerto Rico; almost half of these samples are maintained at four regional plant introduction stations. Germplasm samples are held in crop collections, each of which generally includes four types of germplasm (for example, germplasm from cultivated plants and germplasm from wild relatives of cultivated plants). Each type of germplasm contains genetic material that plays an important role in the collections' overall diversity.
Book Synopsis U. S. Department of Agriculture by : Jerilynn B. Hoy
Download or read book U. S. Department of Agriculture written by Jerilynn B. Hoy and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-05 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NPGS is primarily a federally and state-supported effort aimed at maintaining supplies of plant germplasm with diverse genetic traits for use in breeding and scientific research. The diversity in germplasm collections enables breeders to develop improved crops that are more productive and often less vulnerable to pests and diseases. These collections are particularly important because the diversity of germplasm worldwide has been reduced by several factors, such as the widespread use of genetically uniform crops in commercial agriculture and the destruction of natural habitats that have been important sources of germplasm. The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 established the main components of NPGS as well as a legal basis for federal and state cooperation in managing plant genetic resources. NPGS' current organizational structure-a geographically dispersed network of germplasm collections administered primarily by USDA'S Agricultural Research Service (ARS)-merged in the early 1970s. NPGS maintains about 440,000 germplasm samples for over 85 crops at 22 sites throughout the country and in Puerto Rico; almost half of these samples are maintained at four regional plant introduction stations. Germplasm samples are held in crop collections, each of which generally includes four types of germplasm (for example, germplasm from cultivated plants and germplasm from wild relatives of cultivated plants). Each type of germplasm contains genetic material that plays an important role in the collections' overall diversity.
Download or read book Plant Inventory written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Seeds for economically important crops are big business indeed. As large seed companies continue to improve their product in various ways, they make use of the original gene pools of these plants, often located in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. With increasing recognition that plant germplasm is an important raw material, highly charged international disputes have developed over the exchange and use of this material, adding another point of contention between poor nations and the manufacturing wealthier ones. Twenty experts from several nations, representing both the natural and social sciences, consider the historical background, the issue of patent rights as applied to plant germplasm, the nature of global genetic interdependence, the internationalization of the seed industry, the implications of biotechnology on genetic resources, the Third World attitude toward the debate, and the viewpoints of the International Agricultural Research Centers.
Book Synopsis Seeds and Sovereignty by : Jack Ralph Kloppenburg
Download or read book Seeds and Sovereignty written by Jack Ralph Kloppenburg and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 1988-06-06 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seeds for economically important crops are big business indeed. As large seed companies continue to improve their product in various ways, they make use of the original gene pools of these plants, often located in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. With increasing recognition that plant germplasm is an important raw material, highly charged international disputes have developed over the exchange and use of this material, adding another point of contention between poor nations and the manufacturing wealthier ones. Twenty experts from several nations, representing both the natural and social sciences, consider the historical background, the issue of patent rights as applied to plant germplasm, the nature of global genetic interdependence, the internationalization of the seed industry, the implications of biotechnology on genetic resources, the Third World attitude toward the debate, and the viewpoints of the International Agricultural Research Centers.
