Neuronal Processing of Optic Flow

Neuronal Processing of Optic Flow

Author:

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 1999-12-06

Total Pages: 343

ISBN-13: 0080857787

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When we walk, drive a car, or fly an airplane, visual motion is used to control and guide our movement. Optic flow describes the characteristic pattern of visual motion that arises in these situations. This book is the first to take an in-depth look at the neuronal processing strategies that underlie the brain's ability to analyze and use optic flow for the control of self-motion. It does so in a variety of species which use optic flow in different behavioral contexts. The spectrum ranges from flying insects to birds, higher mammals and man. The contributions cover physiological and behavioral studies as well as computational models. Neuronal Processing of Optic Flow provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the current state of research on this topic written by a group of authors who have made essential contributions to shaping this field of research over the last ten years. Provides the first detailed overview of the analysis of complex visual motion patterns in the brain Includes physiological, behavioral, and computational aspects of optic flow processing Highlights similarities and differences between different animal species and behavioral tasks Covers human patients with visual motion deficits Enhances the reader's understanding with many illustrations


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Download or read book Neuronal Processing of Optic Flow written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-12-06 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When we walk, drive a car, or fly an airplane, visual motion is used to control and guide our movement. Optic flow describes the characteristic pattern of visual motion that arises in these situations. This book is the first to take an in-depth look at the neuronal processing strategies that underlie the brain's ability to analyze and use optic flow for the control of self-motion. It does so in a variety of species which use optic flow in different behavioral contexts. The spectrum ranges from flying insects to birds, higher mammals and man. The contributions cover physiological and behavioral studies as well as computational models. Neuronal Processing of Optic Flow provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the current state of research on this topic written by a group of authors who have made essential contributions to shaping this field of research over the last ten years. Provides the first detailed overview of the analysis of complex visual motion patterns in the brain Includes physiological, behavioral, and computational aspects of optic flow processing Highlights similarities and differences between different animal species and behavioral tasks Covers human patients with visual motion deficits Enhances the reader's understanding with many illustrations

Dynamics of Visual Motion Processing

Dynamics of Visual Motion Processing

Author: Guillaume S. Masson

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-12-02

Total Pages: 362

ISBN-13: 1441907815

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Motion processing is an essential piece of the complex brain machinery that allows us to reconstruct the 3D layout of objects in the environment, to break camouflage, to perform scene segmentation, to estimate the ego movement, and to control our action. Although motion perception and its neural basis have been a topic of intensive research and modeling the last two decades, recent experimental evidences have stressed the dynamical aspects of motion integration and segmentation. This book presents the most recent approaches that have changed our view of biological motion processing. These new experimental evidences call for new models emphasizing the collective dynamics of large population of neurons rather than the properties of separate individual filters. Chapters will stress how the dynamics of motion processing can be used as a general approach to understand the brain dynamics itself.


Book Synopsis Dynamics of Visual Motion Processing by : Guillaume S. Masson

Download or read book Dynamics of Visual Motion Processing written by Guillaume S. Masson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motion processing is an essential piece of the complex brain machinery that allows us to reconstruct the 3D layout of objects in the environment, to break camouflage, to perform scene segmentation, to estimate the ego movement, and to control our action. Although motion perception and its neural basis have been a topic of intensive research and modeling the last two decades, recent experimental evidences have stressed the dynamical aspects of motion integration and segmentation. This book presents the most recent approaches that have changed our view of biological motion processing. These new experimental evidences call for new models emphasizing the collective dynamics of large population of neurons rather than the properties of separate individual filters. Chapters will stress how the dynamics of motion processing can be used as a general approach to understand the brain dynamics itself.

Optic Flow and Beyond

Optic Flow and Beyond

Author: L.M. Vaina

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2004-04-30

Total Pages: 507

ISBN-13: 1402020929

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Optic flow provides all the information necessary to guide a walking human or a mobile robot to its target. Over the past 50 years, a body of research on optic flow spanning the disciplines of neurophysiology, psychophysics, experimental psychology, brain imaging and computational modelling has accumulated. Today, when we survey the field, we find independent lines of research have now converged and many arguments have been resolved; simultaneously the underpinning assumptions of flow theory are being questioned and alternative accounts of the visual guidance of locomotion proposed. At this critical juncture, this volume offers a timely review of what has been learnt and pointers to where the field is going.


Book Synopsis Optic Flow and Beyond by : L.M. Vaina

Download or read book Optic Flow and Beyond written by L.M. Vaina and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-04-30 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optic flow provides all the information necessary to guide a walking human or a mobile robot to its target. Over the past 50 years, a body of research on optic flow spanning the disciplines of neurophysiology, psychophysics, experimental psychology, brain imaging and computational modelling has accumulated. Today, when we survey the field, we find independent lines of research have now converged and many arguments have been resolved; simultaneously the underpinning assumptions of flow theory are being questioned and alternative accounts of the visual guidance of locomotion proposed. At this critical juncture, this volume offers a timely review of what has been learnt and pointers to where the field is going.

Optic Flow Processing in Premotor Descending Neurons of the Fly

Optic Flow Processing in Premotor Descending Neurons of the Fly

Author: Adrian Wertz

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 137

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Optic Flow Processing in Premotor Descending Neurons of the Fly by : Adrian Wertz

Download or read book Optic Flow Processing in Premotor Descending Neurons of the Fly written by Adrian Wertz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

What can simple brains teach us about how vision works

What can simple brains teach us about how vision works

Author: Davide Zoccolan

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2015-11-18

Total Pages: 292

ISBN-13: 288919678X

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Vision is the process of extracting behaviorally-relevant information from patterns of light that fall on retina as the eyes sample the outside world. Traditionally, nonhuman primates (macaque monkeys, in particular) have been viewed by many as the animal model-of-choice for investigating the neuronal substrates of visual processing, not only because their visual systems closely mirror our own, but also because it is often assumed that “simpler” brains lack advanced visual processing machinery. However, this narrow view of visual neuroscience ignores the fact that vision is widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom, enabling a wide repertoire of complex behaviors in species from insects to birds, fish, and mammals. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in alternative animal models for vision research, especially rodents. This resurgence is partly due to the availability of increasingly powerful experimental approaches (e.g., optogenetics and two-photon imaging) that are challenging to apply to their full potential in primates. Meanwhile, even more phylogenetically distant species such as birds, fish, and insects have long been workhorse animal models for gaining insight into the core computations underlying visual processing. In many cases, these animal models are valuable precisely because their visual systems are simpler than the primate visual system. Simpler systems are often easier to understand, and studying a diversity of neuronal systems that achieve similar functions can focus attention on those computational principles that are universal and essential. This Research Topic provides a survey of the state of the art in the use of animal models of visual functions that are alternative to macaques. It includes original research, methods articles, reviews, and opinions that exploit a variety of animal models (including rodents, birds, fishes and insects, as well as small New World monkey, the marmoset) to investigate visual function. The experimental approaches covered by these studies range from psychophysics and electrophysiology to histology and genetics, testifying to the richness and depth of visual neuroscience in non-macaque species.


Book Synopsis What can simple brains teach us about how vision works by : Davide Zoccolan

Download or read book What can simple brains teach us about how vision works written by Davide Zoccolan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vision is the process of extracting behaviorally-relevant information from patterns of light that fall on retina as the eyes sample the outside world. Traditionally, nonhuman primates (macaque monkeys, in particular) have been viewed by many as the animal model-of-choice for investigating the neuronal substrates of visual processing, not only because their visual systems closely mirror our own, but also because it is often assumed that “simpler” brains lack advanced visual processing machinery. However, this narrow view of visual neuroscience ignores the fact that vision is widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom, enabling a wide repertoire of complex behaviors in species from insects to birds, fish, and mammals. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in alternative animal models for vision research, especially rodents. This resurgence is partly due to the availability of increasingly powerful experimental approaches (e.g., optogenetics and two-photon imaging) that are challenging to apply to their full potential in primates. Meanwhile, even more phylogenetically distant species such as birds, fish, and insects have long been workhorse animal models for gaining insight into the core computations underlying visual processing. In many cases, these animal models are valuable precisely because their visual systems are simpler than the primate visual system. Simpler systems are often easier to understand, and studying a diversity of neuronal systems that achieve similar functions can focus attention on those computational principles that are universal and essential. This Research Topic provides a survey of the state of the art in the use of animal models of visual functions that are alternative to macaques. It includes original research, methods articles, reviews, and opinions that exploit a variety of animal models (including rodents, birds, fishes and insects, as well as small New World monkey, the marmoset) to investigate visual function. The experimental approaches covered by these studies range from psychophysics and electrophysiology to histology and genetics, testifying to the richness and depth of visual neuroscience in non-macaque species.

Methods in Insect Sensory Neuroscience

Methods in Insect Sensory Neuroscience

Author: Thomas A. Christensen

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2004-12-20

Total Pages: 461

ISBN-13: 1420039423

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Insects are among the most diverse and adaptable organisms on Earth. They have long been our chief competitors for food and are responsible for spreading devastating afflictions such as malaria and encephalitis. The insects' ability to thrive is due in large part to their well-developed sensory systems, which present a host of novel physiological,


Book Synopsis Methods in Insect Sensory Neuroscience by : Thomas A. Christensen

Download or read book Methods in Insect Sensory Neuroscience written by Thomas A. Christensen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-20 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects are among the most diverse and adaptable organisms on Earth. They have long been our chief competitors for food and are responsible for spreading devastating afflictions such as malaria and encephalitis. The insects' ability to thrive is due in large part to their well-developed sensory systems, which present a host of novel physiological,

The Crustacean Nervous System

The Crustacean Nervous System

Author: Konrad Wiese

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 639

ISBN-13: 3662048434

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Crustacean preparations have been successfully used for more than 50 years to investigate the principles which enable nerve cells and neural circuitry to perform in a wide variety of functions. The proud record of information of general significance obtained from crayfish and lobster nervous systems testifies that the use of an experimental system precisely matching theoretical and experimental requirements ofa measurement is an essential part of the success. In some respects, the secondarily diversified vertebrate and mammalian nervous systems pose severe obstacles to experimentation and measurement, whereas the crustacean nervous system recommends itself by being composed of individual neurons of unique morphology and physiology, which can be used repeatedly in several preparations. Moreover, a restricted number of invariantly displayed behaviors enable the experimenter to correlate neuron activity with parts of the behavior easier. Experts use these advantages to focus on a well-defined neuron and mechanism and to take a convincing measurement within a minimum amount oftime. In this book distinguished neurobiologists, the leading experts in the field, have joined efforts to present research using crustacean experimental systems. Thus they have contributed comprehensive information regarding a nervous system other than that ofvertebrates and mammalians, that ofcrustaceans. The accumulated knowledge on the crustacean nervous system shows that it is clearly divergent in evolution but functions in a similar way to neuronal circuitry found in the vertebrate system and can be used to interpret it.


Book Synopsis The Crustacean Nervous System by : Konrad Wiese

Download or read book The Crustacean Nervous System written by Konrad Wiese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crustacean preparations have been successfully used for more than 50 years to investigate the principles which enable nerve cells and neural circuitry to perform in a wide variety of functions. The proud record of information of general significance obtained from crayfish and lobster nervous systems testifies that the use of an experimental system precisely matching theoretical and experimental requirements ofa measurement is an essential part of the success. In some respects, the secondarily diversified vertebrate and mammalian nervous systems pose severe obstacles to experimentation and measurement, whereas the crustacean nervous system recommends itself by being composed of individual neurons of unique morphology and physiology, which can be used repeatedly in several preparations. Moreover, a restricted number of invariantly displayed behaviors enable the experimenter to correlate neuron activity with parts of the behavior easier. Experts use these advantages to focus on a well-defined neuron and mechanism and to take a convincing measurement within a minimum amount oftime. In this book distinguished neurobiologists, the leading experts in the field, have joined efforts to present research using crustacean experimental systems. Thus they have contributed comprehensive information regarding a nervous system other than that ofvertebrates and mammalians, that ofcrustaceans. The accumulated knowledge on the crustacean nervous system shows that it is clearly divergent in evolution but functions in a similar way to neuronal circuitry found in the vertebrate system and can be used to interpret it.

The Active Control of Self-Movement Perception: Neuronal Mechanisms and Cognitive Aging

The Active Control of Self-Movement Perception: Neuronal Mechanisms and Cognitive Aging

Author: Michael Simon Jacob

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Self-movement creates a radial pattern of optic flow that tells us where we are going. Recent studies have shown that the processing of visual motion is actively controlled by frontal-parietal cortical networks to satisfy the demands of ongoing behavior. Navigation-related visual motion perceptual deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest a systems level disruption of optic flow processing in these conditions. We have now examined this system using human evoked potentials and probed the underlying neuronal mechanisms using monkey single neuron physiology. In our studies of aging and AD, we combine a continuous visual discrimination task with simultaneous visual motion and word stimulus streams to assess task effects on stimulus evoked cortical activity. We find that the cognitive control of motion and word processing are fundamentally different in aging and AD. Impairments in verbal fluency among our AD patients and impairments in optic flow perceptual thresholds among our older adult subjects are associated with selective reductions in cortical responsiveness to word and optic flow stimuli, respectively. Thus, diagnostic criteria for AD may not appropriately consider impairments in visuospatial processing. Monkeys trained in a memory guided steering task show single neurons with task-dependent optic flow processing in cortical areas MST and LIP. One third of MST neurons show task effects on basic neuronal response properties. In contrast, LIP neurons show minimal optic flow stimulus selectivity but pronounced task effects on their responses. Both MST and LIP show evidence of cognitive signals related to motor planning just prior to steering. These results suggest that posterior parietal cortical areas form a distributed network which is dynamically shaped by task demands. Despite species and methodological differences, the dynamics of cortical activity in humans and monkeys show sensory signals that are followed shortly by cognitive signals to actively modulate self-movement perception. In young adult human subjects and monkey single neurons, we see obligate optic flow processing in all task conditions. In older adult humans, we see a loss of obligate optic flow responsiveness which may suggest a selective vulnerability of visuospatial processing networks in cognitive aging.


Book Synopsis The Active Control of Self-Movement Perception: Neuronal Mechanisms and Cognitive Aging by : Michael Simon Jacob

Download or read book The Active Control of Self-Movement Perception: Neuronal Mechanisms and Cognitive Aging written by Michael Simon Jacob and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-movement creates a radial pattern of optic flow that tells us where we are going. Recent studies have shown that the processing of visual motion is actively controlled by frontal-parietal cortical networks to satisfy the demands of ongoing behavior. Navigation-related visual motion perceptual deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest a systems level disruption of optic flow processing in these conditions. We have now examined this system using human evoked potentials and probed the underlying neuronal mechanisms using monkey single neuron physiology. In our studies of aging and AD, we combine a continuous visual discrimination task with simultaneous visual motion and word stimulus streams to assess task effects on stimulus evoked cortical activity. We find that the cognitive control of motion and word processing are fundamentally different in aging and AD. Impairments in verbal fluency among our AD patients and impairments in optic flow perceptual thresholds among our older adult subjects are associated with selective reductions in cortical responsiveness to word and optic flow stimuli, respectively. Thus, diagnostic criteria for AD may not appropriately consider impairments in visuospatial processing. Monkeys trained in a memory guided steering task show single neurons with task-dependent optic flow processing in cortical areas MST and LIP. One third of MST neurons show task effects on basic neuronal response properties. In contrast, LIP neurons show minimal optic flow stimulus selectivity but pronounced task effects on their responses. Both MST and LIP show evidence of cognitive signals related to motor planning just prior to steering. These results suggest that posterior parietal cortical areas form a distributed network which is dynamically shaped by task demands. Despite species and methodological differences, the dynamics of cortical activity in humans and monkeys show sensory signals that are followed shortly by cognitive signals to actively modulate self-movement perception. In young adult human subjects and monkey single neurons, we see obligate optic flow processing in all task conditions. In older adult humans, we see a loss of obligate optic flow responsiveness which may suggest a selective vulnerability of visuospatial processing networks in cognitive aging.

Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience

Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience

Author: Dieter Jaeger

Publisher:

Published:

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9781461473206

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience by : Dieter Jaeger

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience written by Dieter Jaeger and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems

Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems

Author: Nathan F. Lepora

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-07-11

Total Pages: 569

ISBN-13: 3319424173

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This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, Living Machines 2016, held in Edinburgh, UK, in July 2016. The 34 full and 27 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions.The theme of the conference encompasses biomimetic methods for manufacture, repair and recycling inspired by natural processes such as reproduction, digestion, morphogenesis and metamorphosis.


Book Synopsis Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems by : Nathan F. Lepora

Download or read book Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems written by Nathan F. Lepora and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-11 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, Living Machines 2016, held in Edinburgh, UK, in July 2016. The 34 full and 27 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions.The theme of the conference encompasses biomimetic methods for manufacture, repair and recycling inspired by natural processes such as reproduction, digestion, morphogenesis and metamorphosis.