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Niche Evolution and Phylogenetic Community Paleoecology of Late Ordovician Crinoids

Author: Selina R. Cole

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2022-05-26

Total Pages: 88

ISBN-13: 1108898947

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Fossil crinoids are exceptionally suited to deep-time studies of community paleoecology and niche partitioning. By merging ecomorphological trait and phylogenetic data, this Element summarizes niche occupation and community paleoecology of crinoids from the Bromide fauna of Oklahoma (Sandbian, Upper Ordovician). Patterns of community structure and niche evolution are evaluated over a ~5 million-year period through comparison with the Brechin Lagerstätte (Katian, Upper Ordovician). The authors establish filtration fan density, food size selectivity, and body size as major axes defining niche differentiation, and niche occupation is strongly controlled by phylogeny. Ecological strategies were relatively static over the study interval at high taxonomic scales, but niche differentiation and specialization increased in most subclades. Changes in disparity and species richness indicate the transition between the early-middle Paleozoic Crinoid Evolutionary Faunas was already underway by the Katian due to ecological drivers and was not triggered by the Late Ordovician mass extinction.

Book Synopsis Niche Evolution and Phylogenetic Community Paleoecology of Late Ordovician Crinoids by : Selina R. Cole

Download or read book Niche Evolution and Phylogenetic Community Paleoecology of Late Ordovician Crinoids written by Selina R. Cole and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil crinoids are exceptionally suited to deep-time studies of community paleoecology and niche partitioning. By merging ecomorphological trait and phylogenetic data, this Element summarizes niche occupation and community paleoecology of crinoids from the Bromide fauna of Oklahoma (Sandbian, Upper Ordovician). Patterns of community structure and niche evolution are evaluated over a ~5 million-year period through comparison with the Brechin Lagerstätte (Katian, Upper Ordovician). The authors establish filtration fan density, food size selectivity, and body size as major axes defining niche differentiation, and niche occupation is strongly controlled by phylogeny. Ecological strategies were relatively static over the study interval at high taxonomic scales, but niche differentiation and specialization increased in most subclades. Changes in disparity and species richness indicate the transition between the early-middle Paleozoic Crinoid Evolutionary Faunas was already underway by the Katian due to ecological drivers and was not triggered by the Late Ordovician mass extinction.

The Ecology of Biotic Interactions in Echinoids

Author: Elizabeth Petsios

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2023-10-31

Total Pages: 88

ISBN-13: 1108899846

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This Element reviews the ecologies of skeletal trace-producing interactions on echinoids in Modern ecosystems and the recognition of those biogenic traces in the fossil record. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Book Synopsis The Ecology of Biotic Interactions in Echinoids by : Elizabeth Petsios

Download or read book The Ecology of Biotic Interactions in Echinoids written by Elizabeth Petsios and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element reviews the ecologies of skeletal trace-producing interactions on echinoids in Modern ecosystems and the recognition of those biogenic traces in the fossil record. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

A Review of Blastozoan Echinoderm Respiratory Structures

Author: Sarah L. Sheffield

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2022-12-31

Total Pages: 156

ISBN-13: 1108899609

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Echinoderms have evolved diverse and disparate morphologies throughout the Phanerozoic. Among them, blastozoans, an extinct group of echinoderms that were an important component of Paleozoic marine ecosystems, are primarily subdivided into groups based on the morphology of respiratory structures. However, systematic and phylogenetic research from the past few decades have shown that respiratory structures in blastozoans are not group-defining and they have re-evolved throughout echinoderm evolution. This Element provides a review of the research involving blastozoan respiratory structures, along with research concerning the morphology, paleoecology, and ontogeny of each of the major groupings of blastozoans as it relates to their corresponding respiratory structures. Areas of future research in these groups are also highlighted.

Book Synopsis A Review of Blastozoan Echinoderm Respiratory Structures by : Sarah L. Sheffield

Download or read book A Review of Blastozoan Echinoderm Respiratory Structures written by Sarah L. Sheffield and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-31 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Echinoderms have evolved diverse and disparate morphologies throughout the Phanerozoic. Among them, blastozoans, an extinct group of echinoderms that were an important component of Paleozoic marine ecosystems, are primarily subdivided into groups based on the morphology of respiratory structures. However, systematic and phylogenetic research from the past few decades have shown that respiratory structures in blastozoans are not group-defining and they have re-evolved throughout echinoderm evolution. This Element provides a review of the research involving blastozoan respiratory structures, along with research concerning the morphology, paleoecology, and ontogeny of each of the major groupings of blastozoans as it relates to their corresponding respiratory structures. Areas of future research in these groups are also highlighted.

A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology

Author: Colin D. Sumrall

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2023-04-13

Total Pages: 91

ISBN-13: 1009397168

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The extraxial-axial theory (EAT) and universal elemental homology (UEH) are often portrayed as mutually exclusive hypotheses of homology within pentaradiate Echinodermata. EAT describes homology upon the echinoderm bauplan, interpreted through early post-metamorphic growth and growth zones, dividing it into axial regions generally associated with elements of the ambulacral system and extraxial regions that are not. UEH describes the detailed construction of the axial skeleton, dividing it into homologous plates and plate series based on symmetry, early growth, and function. These hypotheses are not in conflict; the latter is rooted in refinement of the former. Some interpretive differences arise because many of the morphologies described from eleutherozoan development are difficult to reconcile with Paleozoic forms. Conversely, many elements described for Paleozoic taxa by UEH, such as the peristomial border plates, are absent in eleutherozoans. This Element recommends these two hypotheses be used together to generate a better understanding of homology across Echinodermata.

Book Synopsis A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology by : Colin D. Sumrall

Download or read book A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology written by Colin D. Sumrall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-13 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extraxial-axial theory (EAT) and universal elemental homology (UEH) are often portrayed as mutually exclusive hypotheses of homology within pentaradiate Echinodermata. EAT describes homology upon the echinoderm bauplan, interpreted through early post-metamorphic growth and growth zones, dividing it into axial regions generally associated with elements of the ambulacral system and extraxial regions that are not. UEH describes the detailed construction of the axial skeleton, dividing it into homologous plates and plate series based on symmetry, early growth, and function. These hypotheses are not in conflict; the latter is rooted in refinement of the former. Some interpretive differences arise because many of the morphologies described from eleutherozoan development are difficult to reconcile with Paleozoic forms. Conversely, many elements described for Paleozoic taxa by UEH, such as the peristomial border plates, are absent in eleutherozoans. This Element recommends these two hypotheses be used together to generate a better understanding of homology across Echinodermata.

Molecular Paleobiology of the Echinoderm Skeleton

Author: Jeffrey R. Thompson

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2022-12-01

Total Pages: 120

ISBN-13: 1009189190

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The echinoderms are an ideal group to understand evolution from a holistic, interdisciplinary framework. The genetic regulatory networks underpinning development in echinoderms are some of the best known for any model group. Additionally, the echinoderms have an excellent fossil record, elucidating in in detail the evolutionary changes underpinning morphological evolution. In this Element, the echinoderms are discussed as a model group for molecular palaeobiological studies, integrating what is known of their development, genomes, and fossil record. Together, these insights shed light on the molecular and morphological evolution underpinning the vast biodiversity of echinoderms, and the animal kingdom more generally.

Book Synopsis Molecular Paleobiology of the Echinoderm Skeleton by : Jeffrey R. Thompson

Download or read book Molecular Paleobiology of the Echinoderm Skeleton written by Jeffrey R. Thompson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-01 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The echinoderms are an ideal group to understand evolution from a holistic, interdisciplinary framework. The genetic regulatory networks underpinning development in echinoderms are some of the best known for any model group. Additionally, the echinoderms have an excellent fossil record, elucidating in in detail the evolutionary changes underpinning morphological evolution. In this Element, the echinoderms are discussed as a model group for molecular palaeobiological studies, integrating what is known of their development, genomes, and fossil record. Together, these insights shed light on the molecular and morphological evolution underpinning the vast biodiversity of echinoderms, and the animal kingdom more generally.

Phylogeny, Diversification, and Extinction Selectivity in Camerate Crinoids

Author: Selina R. Cole

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Phylogeny-based studies of fossil organisms are increasingly utilized in the field of paleobiology to address macroevolutionary questions while taking into account the shared evolutionary history of closely related taxa. Broadly, this dissertation is concerned with tree-based investigations of evolutionary patterns in the fossil record, with a particular focus on the evolutionary history of crinoids. Using the fossil record of camerate crinoids as a model group, chapters herein integrate alpha taxonomy, phylogenetic inference, systematic revision, and phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate diverse macroevolutionary questions. In addition to inferring new phylogenetic trees, this comprehensive approach serves both to improve the primary data used to infer phylogenies (i.e., alpha taxonomy, morphology, and taxon sampling) and to incorporate phylogenetic hypotheses into tree-based studies of evolution in the fossil record. Descriptions of crinoid faunas from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) of Ontario and Spain were conducted to improve the resolution of paleobiogeographic and stratigraphic sampling in morphological datasets, and newly described taxa were included in subsequent phylogenetic analyses. Evolutionary relationships among camerate crinoids were inferred, and the resulting phylogenies were used to inform systematic revisions of crinoid classification. In addition, recovered trees were integrated with high-resolution morphologic and ecomorphologic datasets to conduct phylogeny-based studies of morphologic evolution and extinction selectivity, focusing on the role of ecology in the generation and maintenance of these patterns.

Book Synopsis Phylogeny, Diversification, and Extinction Selectivity in Camerate Crinoids by : Selina R. Cole

Download or read book Phylogeny, Diversification, and Extinction Selectivity in Camerate Crinoids written by Selina R. Cole and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phylogeny-based studies of fossil organisms are increasingly utilized in the field of paleobiology to address macroevolutionary questions while taking into account the shared evolutionary history of closely related taxa. Broadly, this dissertation is concerned with tree-based investigations of evolutionary patterns in the fossil record, with a particular focus on the evolutionary history of crinoids. Using the fossil record of camerate crinoids as a model group, chapters herein integrate alpha taxonomy, phylogenetic inference, systematic revision, and phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate diverse macroevolutionary questions. In addition to inferring new phylogenetic trees, this comprehensive approach serves both to improve the primary data used to infer phylogenies (i.e., alpha taxonomy, morphology, and taxon sampling) and to incorporate phylogenetic hypotheses into tree-based studies of evolution in the fossil record. Descriptions of crinoid faunas from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) of Ontario and Spain were conducted to improve the resolution of paleobiogeographic and stratigraphic sampling in morphological datasets, and newly described taxa were included in subsequent phylogenetic analyses. Evolutionary relationships among camerate crinoids were inferred, and the resulting phylogenies were used to inform systematic revisions of crinoid classification. In addition, recovered trees were integrated with high-resolution morphologic and ecomorphologic datasets to conduct phylogeny-based studies of morphologic evolution and extinction selectivity, focusing on the role of ecology in the generation and maintenance of these patterns.

Early Llandovery Crinoids and Stelleroids from the Cataract Group (Lower Silurian) in Southern Ontario, Canada

Author: James D. Eckert

Publisher: Life Sciences Contributions

Published: 1984

Total Pages: 92

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Early Llandovery Crinoids and Stelleroids from the Cataract Group (Lower Silurian) in Southern Ontario, Canada by : James D. Eckert

Download or read book Early Llandovery Crinoids and Stelleroids from the Cataract Group (Lower Silurian) in Southern Ontario, Canada written by James D. Eckert and published by Life Sciences Contributions. This book was released on 1984 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Life Sciences Contributions

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1984

Total Pages: 582

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Life Sciences Contributions by :

Download or read book Life Sciences Contributions written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia

Author: Sergio F. Vizcaíno

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2012-10-11

Total Pages: 381

ISBN-13: 052119461X

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Coastal exposures of the Santa Cruz Formation in southern Patagonia have been a fertile ground for recovery of Early Miocene vertebrates for more than 100 years. This volume presents a comprehensive compilation of important mammalian groups which continue to thrive today. It includes the most recent fossil finds as well as important new interpretations based on ten years of fieldwork by the authors. A key focus is placed on the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment during the time of deposition in the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) between twenty and fifteen million years ago. The authors present the first reconstruction of what climatic conditions were like and present important new evidence of the geochronological age, habits and community structures of fossil bird and mammal species. Academic researchers and graduate students in paleontology, paleobiology, paleoecology, stratigraphy, climatology and geochronology will find this a valuable source of information about this fascinating geological formation.

Book Synopsis Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia by : Sergio F. Vizcaíno

Download or read book Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia written by Sergio F. Vizcaíno and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-11 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal exposures of the Santa Cruz Formation in southern Patagonia have been a fertile ground for recovery of Early Miocene vertebrates for more than 100 years. This volume presents a comprehensive compilation of important mammalian groups which continue to thrive today. It includes the most recent fossil finds as well as important new interpretations based on ten years of fieldwork by the authors. A key focus is placed on the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment during the time of deposition in the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) between twenty and fifteen million years ago. The authors present the first reconstruction of what climatic conditions were like and present important new evidence of the geochronological age, habits and community structures of fossil bird and mammal species. Academic researchers and graduate students in paleontology, paleobiology, paleoecology, stratigraphy, climatology and geochronology will find this a valuable source of information about this fascinating geological formation.

The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event

Author: Barry D. Webby

Publisher: Columbia University Press

Published: 2004-04-14

Total Pages: 497

ISBN-13: 0231501633

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Two of the greatest evolutionary events in the history of life on Earth occurred during Early Paleozoic time. The first was the Cambrian explosion of skeletonized marine animals about 540 million years ago. The second was the "Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event," which is the focus of this book. During the 46-million-year Ordovician Period (489–443 m.y.), a bewildering array of adaptive radiations of "Paleozoic- and Modern-type" biotas appeared in marine habitats, the first animals (arthropods) walked on land, and the first non-vascular bryophyte-like plants (based on their cryptospore record) colonized terrestrial areas with damp environments. This book represents a compilation by a large team of Ordovician specialists from around the world, who have enthusiastically cooperated to produce this first globally orientated, internationally sponsored IGCP (International Geological Correlation Program) project on Ordovician biotas. The major part is an assembly of genus- and species-level diversity data for the many Ordovician fossil groups. The book also presents an evaluation of how each group diversified through Ordovician time, with assessments of patterns of change and rates of origination and extinction. As such, it will become the standard work and data source for biotic studies on the Ordovician Period.

Book Synopsis The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event by : Barry D. Webby

Download or read book The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event written by Barry D. Webby and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2004-04-14 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two of the greatest evolutionary events in the history of life on Earth occurred during Early Paleozoic time. The first was the Cambrian explosion of skeletonized marine animals about 540 million years ago. The second was the "Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event," which is the focus of this book. During the 46-million-year Ordovician Period (489–443 m.y.), a bewildering array of adaptive radiations of "Paleozoic- and Modern-type" biotas appeared in marine habitats, the first animals (arthropods) walked on land, and the first non-vascular bryophyte-like plants (based on their cryptospore record) colonized terrestrial areas with damp environments. This book represents a compilation by a large team of Ordovician specialists from around the world, who have enthusiastically cooperated to produce this first globally orientated, internationally sponsored IGCP (International Geological Correlation Program) project on Ordovician biotas. The major part is an assembly of genus- and species-level diversity data for the many Ordovician fossil groups. The book also presents an evaluation of how each group diversified through Ordovician time, with assessments of patterns of change and rates of origination and extinction. As such, it will become the standard work and data source for biotic studies on the Ordovician Period.