Nuclear Test Explosions, Scope 59

Nuclear Test Explosions, Scope 59

Author: International Council for Science

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Published: 2000-04-14

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13:

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Nuclear Test Explosions Environmental and Human Impacts Edited by Sir Frederick Warner University of Essex, UK and Rene J.C. University of Liege, Belgium Nuclear Test Explosions summarises the findings of the international project SCOPE-RADTEST (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment - RADiation from nuclear TEST explosions), on the environmental and human impacts of nuclear tests. The location and dates of 730 explosions and the 2419 tests performed between 1945 and 1998 are given followed by discussion of their effects. The nuclear test sites include: Nevada, Semipalatinsk, Novaya Zemlya, South Pacific, Australia and Lob Nor. The fallout from 541 atmospheric tests and effects on human health and environment are assessed and the development of nuclear weapons is described. The contents of the book have been assembled by a team of experts and should greatly assist in the discussion of weapons limitation.


Book Synopsis Nuclear Test Explosions, Scope 59 by : International Council for Science

Download or read book Nuclear Test Explosions, Scope 59 written by International Council for Science and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2000-04-14 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Test Explosions Environmental and Human Impacts Edited by Sir Frederick Warner University of Essex, UK and Rene J.C. University of Liege, Belgium Nuclear Test Explosions summarises the findings of the international project SCOPE-RADTEST (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment - RADiation from nuclear TEST explosions), on the environmental and human impacts of nuclear tests. The location and dates of 730 explosions and the 2419 tests performed between 1945 and 1998 are given followed by discussion of their effects. The nuclear test sites include: Nevada, Semipalatinsk, Novaya Zemlya, South Pacific, Australia and Lob Nor. The fallout from 541 atmospheric tests and effects on human health and environment are assessed and the development of nuclear weapons is described. The contents of the book have been assembled by a team of experts and should greatly assist in the discussion of weapons limitation.

United States Nuclear Tests

United States Nuclear Tests

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13:

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This document lists chronologically and alphabetically by name all nuclear tests and simultaneous detonations conducted by the United States from July 1945 through September 1992. Two nuclear weapons that the United States exploded over Japan ending World War II are not listed. These detonations were not "tests" in the sense that they were conducted to prove that the weapon would work as designed (as was the first test near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945), or to advance nuclear weapon design, or to determine weapons effects, or to verify weapon safety as were the more than one thousand tests that have taken place since June 30,1946. The nuclear weapon (nicknamed "Little Boy") dropped August 6,1945 from a United States Army Air Force B-29 bomber (the Enola Gay) and detonated over Hiroshima, Japan had an energy yield equivalent to that of 15,000 tons of TNT. The nuclear weapon (virtually identical to "Fat Man") exploded in a similar fashion August 9, 1945 over Nagaski, Japan had a yield of 21,000 tons of TNT. Both detonations were intended to end World War II as quickly as possible. Data on United States tests were obtained from, and verified by, the U.S. Department of Energy's three weapons laboratories -- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Additionally, data were obtained from public announcements issued by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and its successors, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, and the U.S. Department of Energy, respectively.


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Download or read book United States Nuclear Tests written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document lists chronologically and alphabetically by name all nuclear tests and simultaneous detonations conducted by the United States from July 1945 through September 1992. Two nuclear weapons that the United States exploded over Japan ending World War II are not listed. These detonations were not "tests" in the sense that they were conducted to prove that the weapon would work as designed (as was the first test near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945), or to advance nuclear weapon design, or to determine weapons effects, or to verify weapon safety as were the more than one thousand tests that have taken place since June 30,1946. The nuclear weapon (nicknamed "Little Boy") dropped August 6,1945 from a United States Army Air Force B-29 bomber (the Enola Gay) and detonated over Hiroshima, Japan had an energy yield equivalent to that of 15,000 tons of TNT. The nuclear weapon (virtually identical to "Fat Man") exploded in a similar fashion August 9, 1945 over Nagaski, Japan had a yield of 21,000 tons of TNT. Both detonations were intended to end World War II as quickly as possible. Data on United States tests were obtained from, and verified by, the U.S. Department of Energy's three weapons laboratories -- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Additionally, data were obtained from public announcements issued by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and its successors, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, and the U.S. Department of Energy, respectively.

Military Nuclear Accidents

Military Nuclear Accidents

Author: Jean-Claude Amiard

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2018-11-26

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 1119572509

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The use of atomic energy for military purposes has given rise to a variety of nuclear accidents from the outset. This applies to all levels of use: from the manufacture of weapons to their commissioning. This book provides an overview of the potential impact of such accidents. The prospective consequences of local and global nuclear war are detailed. Similarly, for each accident, the environmental, ecological, health and socio-economic consequences are reviewed. The contamination of the environment and its fauna and flora is detailed and the effects of ionizing radiation are reported. The same is provided for human populations and the adverse effects on the health and physical and mental states of the populations concerned. The economic cost of accidents is also evaluated. The research presented in this book is based on scientifically recognized publications, and reports from the military forces of the various countries concerned and from the national and international organizations competent in this field (IAEA, WHO, UNSCEAR, IRSN, ICPR, etc.).


Book Synopsis Military Nuclear Accidents by : Jean-Claude Amiard

Download or read book Military Nuclear Accidents written by Jean-Claude Amiard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of atomic energy for military purposes has given rise to a variety of nuclear accidents from the outset. This applies to all levels of use: from the manufacture of weapons to their commissioning. This book provides an overview of the potential impact of such accidents. The prospective consequences of local and global nuclear war are detailed. Similarly, for each accident, the environmental, ecological, health and socio-economic consequences are reviewed. The contamination of the environment and its fauna and flora is detailed and the effects of ionizing radiation are reported. The same is provided for human populations and the adverse effects on the health and physical and mental states of the populations concerned. The economic cost of accidents is also evaluated. The research presented in this book is based on scientifically recognized publications, and reports from the military forces of the various countries concerned and from the national and international organizations competent in this field (IAEA, WHO, UNSCEAR, IRSN, ICPR, etc.).

India's Nuclear Bomb

India's Nuclear Bomb

Author: George Perkovich

Publisher: Univ of California Press

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 676

ISBN-13: 9780520232105

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Publisher Fact Sheet The definitive history of India's long flirtation with nuclear capability, culminating in the nuclear tests that surprised the world in May 1998.


Book Synopsis India's Nuclear Bomb by : George Perkovich

Download or read book India's Nuclear Bomb written by George Perkovich and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Fact Sheet The definitive history of India's long flirtation with nuclear capability, culminating in the nuclear tests that surprised the world in May 1998.

Civilizational Discourses in Weapons Control

Civilizational Discourses in Weapons Control

Author: Ritu Mathur

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-07-11

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13: 3030449432

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This book seeks to decolonize practices of arms control and disarmament. In this endeavor it seeks to problematize our understanding of time and civilization as rhetorical resources. The need for such an undertaking can be premised on the claim that while problems of modernity, ethnocentrism and universalism are now a central concern within the field of international relations, these ideas are scarcely debated or contested within the field of arms control and disarmament. The singular focus on technological innovations and specific policy-oriented agreements in practices of arms control and disarmament appears to stymie the need for such engagements. This book is an invitation to explore intersecting discourses on colonialism, racialism, nationalism and humanitarianism within a historically grounded terrain of weapons control. An understanding of these practices is vital not to prescribe any standards of civilization or exceptionalism in weapons control but to be cognizant through critique of the dangers embedded in any effort at reconstellating the constitutional nuclear order.


Book Synopsis Civilizational Discourses in Weapons Control by : Ritu Mathur

Download or read book Civilizational Discourses in Weapons Control written by Ritu Mathur and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-11 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to decolonize practices of arms control and disarmament. In this endeavor it seeks to problematize our understanding of time and civilization as rhetorical resources. The need for such an undertaking can be premised on the claim that while problems of modernity, ethnocentrism and universalism are now a central concern within the field of international relations, these ideas are scarcely debated or contested within the field of arms control and disarmament. The singular focus on technological innovations and specific policy-oriented agreements in practices of arms control and disarmament appears to stymie the need for such engagements. This book is an invitation to explore intersecting discourses on colonialism, racialism, nationalism and humanitarianism within a historically grounded terrain of weapons control. An understanding of these practices is vital not to prescribe any standards of civilization or exceptionalism in weapons control but to be cognizant through critique of the dangers embedded in any effort at reconstellating the constitutional nuclear order.

Radioactive Fallout after Nuclear Explosions and Accidents

Radioactive Fallout after Nuclear Explosions and Accidents

Author: Y.A. Izrael

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2002-06-20

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 9780080540238

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To achieve successful solutions to the problems resulting from local, distant and global radioactive fallout after nuclear explosions and accidents and to achieve successful retrospective analyses of the radiation conditions from recent observations, certain information is needed: the distribution of the exposure dose rate in the atmosphere and in a country; the distribution of radionuclides in natural environments and the nuclide composition of the radioactive fallout; the features of formation of the aerosol particle-carriers of the radioactivity and of the nuclide distribution of the particles of different sizes formed under different conditions; the processes involved in the migration of radioactive products in different zones and environments; the external and internal effects of nuclear radiation on human beings. This monograph is devoted to a number of these problems, namely, to studies of the radioactive fallout composition, the formation of the aerosol particles that transport the radioactive products and to the analysis of the external radiation doses resulting from nuclear explosions and/or accidents. Problems of restoration and rehabilitation of contaminated land areas are also touched upon in the monograph. To solve such problems one requires knowledge of the mobility of radionuclides, an understanding of their uptake by plants, their transportation within the food chain and finally their uptake by animal and/or human organisms. The results of many years of study of radioactive fallout from atmospheric and underground nuclear explosions and accidents are summarized in this book. It is intended for various specialists - geophysicists, ecologists, health experts and inspectors, as well as those who are concerned with radioactive contamination of natural environments.


Book Synopsis Radioactive Fallout after Nuclear Explosions and Accidents by : Y.A. Izrael

Download or read book Radioactive Fallout after Nuclear Explosions and Accidents written by Y.A. Izrael and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-06-20 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve successful solutions to the problems resulting from local, distant and global radioactive fallout after nuclear explosions and accidents and to achieve successful retrospective analyses of the radiation conditions from recent observations, certain information is needed: the distribution of the exposure dose rate in the atmosphere and in a country; the distribution of radionuclides in natural environments and the nuclide composition of the radioactive fallout; the features of formation of the aerosol particle-carriers of the radioactivity and of the nuclide distribution of the particles of different sizes formed under different conditions; the processes involved in the migration of radioactive products in different zones and environments; the external and internal effects of nuclear radiation on human beings. This monograph is devoted to a number of these problems, namely, to studies of the radioactive fallout composition, the formation of the aerosol particles that transport the radioactive products and to the analysis of the external radiation doses resulting from nuclear explosions and/or accidents. Problems of restoration and rehabilitation of contaminated land areas are also touched upon in the monograph. To solve such problems one requires knowledge of the mobility of radionuclides, an understanding of their uptake by plants, their transportation within the food chain and finally their uptake by animal and/or human organisms. The results of many years of study of radioactive fallout from atmospheric and underground nuclear explosions and accidents are summarized in this book. It is intended for various specialists - geophysicists, ecologists, health experts and inspectors, as well as those who are concerned with radioactive contamination of natural environments.

The Silicon Cycle

The Silicon Cycle

Author: Venugopalan Ittekkot

Publisher: Island Press

Published: 2012-09-26

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13: 1597267821

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Silicon is among the most abundant elements on earth. It plays a key but largely unappreciated role in many biogeochemical processes, including those that regulate climate and undergird marine food webs. The Silicon Cycle is the first book in more than 20 years to present a comprehensive overview of the silicon cycle and issues associated with it. The book summarizes the major outcomes of the project Land-Ocean Interactions: Silica Cycle, initiated by the Scientific Community on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). It tracks the pathway of silicon from land to sea and discusses its biotic and abiotic modifications in transit as well as its cycling in the coastal seas. Natural geological processes in combination with atmospheric and hydrological processes are discussed, as well as human perturbations of the natural controls of the silicon cycle.


Book Synopsis The Silicon Cycle by : Venugopalan Ittekkot

Download or read book The Silicon Cycle written by Venugopalan Ittekkot and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon is among the most abundant elements on earth. It plays a key but largely unappreciated role in many biogeochemical processes, including those that regulate climate and undergird marine food webs. The Silicon Cycle is the first book in more than 20 years to present a comprehensive overview of the silicon cycle and issues associated with it. The book summarizes the major outcomes of the project Land-Ocean Interactions: Silica Cycle, initiated by the Scientific Community on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). It tracks the pathway of silicon from land to sea and discusses its biotic and abiotic modifications in transit as well as its cycling in the coastal seas. Natural geological processes in combination with atmospheric and hydrological processes are discussed, as well as human perturbations of the natural controls of the silicon cycle.

Sustainability Indicators

Sustainability Indicators

Author: Tomás Hák

Publisher: Island Press

Published: 2012-09-26

Total Pages: 448

ISBN-13: 1597266280

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While the concept of sustainability has been widely embraced, it has been only vaguely defined and is exceedingly difficult to measure. Sustainability indicators are critical to making the broad concept of sustainability operational by providing specific measures by which decision makers and the public can judge progress. Sustainability Indicators defines the present state of the art in indicator development. It presents a comprehensive assessment of the science behind various indicators, while placing special emphasis on their use as communications tools. The contributors draw on their experience as academics and practitioners to describe the conceptual challenges to measuring something as complex as sustainability at local, regional, national, and global scales. The book also reviews existing indicators to assess how they could be better employed, considering which indicators are overused and which have been underutilized. Sustainability Indicators will help planners and policy makers find indicators that are ready for application and relevant to their needs, and will help researchers identify the unresolved issues where progress is most urgently needed. All readers will find advice as to the most effective ways to use indicators to support decision making.


Book Synopsis Sustainability Indicators by : Tomás Hák

Download or read book Sustainability Indicators written by Tomás Hák and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the concept of sustainability has been widely embraced, it has been only vaguely defined and is exceedingly difficult to measure. Sustainability indicators are critical to making the broad concept of sustainability operational by providing specific measures by which decision makers and the public can judge progress. Sustainability Indicators defines the present state of the art in indicator development. It presents a comprehensive assessment of the science behind various indicators, while placing special emphasis on their use as communications tools. The contributors draw on their experience as academics and practitioners to describe the conceptual challenges to measuring something as complex as sustainability at local, regional, national, and global scales. The book also reviews existing indicators to assess how they could be better employed, considering which indicators are overused and which have been underutilized. Sustainability Indicators will help planners and policy makers find indicators that are ready for application and relevant to their needs, and will help researchers identify the unresolved issues where progress is most urgently needed. All readers will find advice as to the most effective ways to use indicators to support decision making.

Communicating Global Change Science to Society

Communicating Global Change Science to Society

Author: Holm Tiessen

Publisher: Island Press

Published: 2007-07-02

Total Pages: 237

ISBN-13: 1597261777

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Publisher description


Book Synopsis Communicating Global Change Science to Society by : Holm Tiessen

Download or read book Communicating Global Change Science to Society written by Holm Tiessen and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2007-07-02 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description

Silent Scourge

Silent Scourge

Author: Colleen F. Moore

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2009-04-08

Total Pages: 376

ISBN-13: 9780199728299

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How does pollution impact our daily quality of life? What are the effects of pollution on children's development? Why do industry and environmental experts disagree about what levels of pollutants are safe? In this clearly written book, Moore traces the debates around five key pollutants--lead, mercury, noise, pesticides, and dioxins and PCBs--and provides an overview of the history of each pollutant, basic research findings, and the scientific and regulatory controversies surrounding it. Moore focuses, in particular, on the impact of these pollutants on children's psychological development--- their intellectual functioning, behavior, and emotional states. Only by understanding the impact of pollution can we prevent future negative effects on quality of life and even pollution disasters from occurring.


Book Synopsis Silent Scourge by : Colleen F. Moore

Download or read book Silent Scourge written by Colleen F. Moore and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-08 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does pollution impact our daily quality of life? What are the effects of pollution on children's development? Why do industry and environmental experts disagree about what levels of pollutants are safe? In this clearly written book, Moore traces the debates around five key pollutants--lead, mercury, noise, pesticides, and dioxins and PCBs--and provides an overview of the history of each pollutant, basic research findings, and the scientific and regulatory controversies surrounding it. Moore focuses, in particular, on the impact of these pollutants on children's psychological development--- their intellectual functioning, behavior, and emotional states. Only by understanding the impact of pollution can we prevent future negative effects on quality of life and even pollution disasters from occurring.