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Estonian living standards have doubled since 2000 and income convergence was steady prior to the pandemic, although per capita GDP and productivity remain below the OECD averages. The economy experienced a severe downturn due to disruptions in trade, weaker export demand, high inflation and tight monetary conditions. With improvements in external demand, growth should start to recover this year.
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2024 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2024 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-05-07 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estonian living standards have doubled since 2000 and income convergence was steady prior to the pandemic, although per capita GDP and productivity remain below the OECD averages. The economy experienced a severe downturn due to disruptions in trade, weaker export demand, high inflation and tight monetary conditions. With improvements in external demand, growth should start to recover this year.
Estonia’s economy continues to perform well, and growing incomes support well-being. However, the expansion has peaked, and growth is set to soften due to weak international demand. Prudent fiscal policy has resulted in low debt, but spending pressures related to meeting infrastructure needs and ageing are mounting. Old age poverty is high and the proposal to allow early withdrawal of pension funds threatens macroeconomic stability and pension adequacy. The gender wage gap is among the highest in the OECD, and inequalities in income and health are considerable, reflecting gaps in the social safety net. The oil-shale sector is highly energy-intensive and is the main culprit behind Estonia’s high greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependence on the sector is challenging, as it is an important employer and meets 70% of Estonia’s energy needs.
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-12-17 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estonia’s economy continues to perform well, and growing incomes support well-being. However, the expansion has peaked, and growth is set to soften due to weak international demand. Prudent fiscal policy has resulted in low debt, but spending pressures related to meeting infrastructure needs and ageing are mounting. Old age poverty is high and the proposal to allow early withdrawal of pension funds threatens macroeconomic stability and pension adequacy. The gender wage gap is among the highest in the OECD, and inequalities in income and health are considerable, reflecting gaps in the social safety net. The oil-shale sector is highly energy-intensive and is the main culprit behind Estonia’s high greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependence on the sector is challenging, as it is an important employer and meets 70% of Estonia’s energy needs.
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
This 2002 edition of OECD's Economic Survey of Romania examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. It includes special features on co-ordination of reforms and exit and entry in the enterprise sector.
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: Romania 2002 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: Romania 2002 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2002-10-29 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2002 edition of OECD's Economic Survey of Romania examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. It includes special features on co-ordination of reforms and exit and entry in the enterprise sector.
Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has led to higher energy prices and disruptions in trade and supply chains, weighing on economic growth. Economic convergence had already slowed down before the pandemic, calling for accelerating structural reforms. Rising spending pressures related to defence, internal security, health and old age poverty need to be addressed by raising spending efficiency and tax revenue, while the tax burden should be shifted from labour towards other income, property, and environmental taxes. Continuing to improve the capacity of the public sector, fostering investment and innovation and addressing skilled labour shortages are key for raising potential growth. Low credit supply is a main factor for weak investment and should be tackled by fostering competition and deepening capital markets. High informality, which hinders access to finance and distorts the level playing field, should be addressed by reducing labour taxes for low-wage earners, improving tax enforcement and continuing to fight corruption. Strengthening the power of the Competition Council to enforce competitive neutrality of state-owned enterprises and challenge regulation that restricts competition would help to foster business dynamism and innovation. Addressing skilled labour shortages will require facilitating skilled migration and investing more in human capital. SPECIAL FEATURE: RAISING INVESTMENT TO SUPPORT GROWTH
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: Latvia 2024 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: Latvia 2024 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-04-25 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has led to higher energy prices and disruptions in trade and supply chains, weighing on economic growth. Economic convergence had already slowed down before the pandemic, calling for accelerating structural reforms. Rising spending pressures related to defence, internal security, health and old age poverty need to be addressed by raising spending efficiency and tax revenue, while the tax burden should be shifted from labour towards other income, property, and environmental taxes. Continuing to improve the capacity of the public sector, fostering investment and innovation and addressing skilled labour shortages are key for raising potential growth. Low credit supply is a main factor for weak investment and should be tackled by fostering competition and deepening capital markets. High informality, which hinders access to finance and distorts the level playing field, should be addressed by reducing labour taxes for low-wage earners, improving tax enforcement and continuing to fight corruption. Strengthening the power of the Competition Council to enforce competitive neutrality of state-owned enterprises and challenge regulation that restricts competition would help to foster business dynamism and innovation. Addressing skilled labour shortages will require facilitating skilled migration and investing more in human capital. SPECIAL FEATURE: RAISING INVESTMENT TO SUPPORT GROWTH
Since its independence, Estonia has made tremendous progress towards greater economic prosperity. Estonia enjoys solid institutions, political stability, a strong and credible fiscal policy, as well as a robust financial sector. Estonia is also a frontrunner in digital governance and innovation. Stable and secure digital services are in fact one of the factors that have allowed Estonia to cushion better than others the sanitary and economic shock from the pandemic.
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2022 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2022 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2022-06-28 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its independence, Estonia has made tremendous progress towards greater economic prosperity. Estonia enjoys solid institutions, political stability, a strong and credible fiscal policy, as well as a robust financial sector. Estonia is also a frontrunner in digital governance and innovation. Stable and secure digital services are in fact one of the factors that have allowed Estonia to cushion better than others the sanitary and economic shock from the pandemic.
India has been a growth champion in recent years and has succeeded in taming inflation, the current account deficit and non-performing loans. India's participation in the global economy has risen, with outstanding performances in some services, while the largest diaspora in the world is an asset in developing new markets. India has also lifted many millions of people out of poverty and has made access to housing for all a priority. Ambitious structural reforms -- including better targeted household support, financial inclusion initiatives, the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, the new approach to federalism and the corporate income tax reform -- have played a key role.
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: India 2019 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: India 2019 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-12-24 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: India has been a growth champion in recent years and has succeeded in taming inflation, the current account deficit and non-performing loans. India's participation in the global economy has risen, with outstanding performances in some services, while the largest diaspora in the world is an asset in developing new markets. India has also lifted many millions of people out of poverty and has made access to housing for all a priority. Ambitious structural reforms -- including better targeted household support, financial inclusion initiatives, the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, the new approach to federalism and the corporate income tax reform -- have played a key role.
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2022 by : OECD.
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2022 written by OECD. and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
The French economy rebounded quickly following the COVID-19 crisis, in particular thanks to the acceleration of the vaccination campaign and strong public support measures. Rapid and effective implementation of the recovery and investment plans would help support stronger and more sustainable growth.
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: France 2021 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: France 2021 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The French economy rebounded quickly following the COVID-19 crisis, in particular thanks to the acceleration of the vaccination campaign and strong public support measures. Rapid and effective implementation of the recovery and investment plans would help support stronger and more sustainable growth.
Book Synopsis Oecd Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019 by : Oecd
Download or read book Oecd Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019 written by Oecd and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
