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Author: Simona Masina
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2022-08-04
Total Pages: 219
ISBN-13: 2889767108
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDownload or read book Past Reconstruction of the Physical and Biogeochemical Ocean State written by Simona Masina and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-04 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author: Erin McKee
Publisher:
Published: 2020
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFew ocean stations have been in place long enough to observe decadal ocean cycles, but Ocean Station Papa (OSP) is one of those few. With a time series that spans over 60 years, OSP is an ideal data set for linking decadal and multi-decadal changes in the climate and ocean cycles. The purpose of this study is to determine if long term (decadal) climate variations significantly relate to and potentially impact biogeochemical variables in the open ocean north Pacific surface waters. One outstanding problem is that the OSP time series has highly variable sampling effort over time for different ocean variables. Such time gaps and irregular sampling make it difficult to do standard statistical time series analyses. Hence, the first part of this thesis is a statistical reconstruction of the original OSP data onto a regular monthly time grid. This is done using a state space model and the Kalman smoother algorithm. Its central idea is to estimate missing observations in seven ocean variable time series (temperature, salinity, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, chlorophyll, and oxygen) by using empirical relationships between the variables, as well as making use of the fact that some of these variables (e.g. temperature and salinity) are available for the entire analysis period. Specifically, a period of high-density sampling is first used to establish the relationship between the variables, which is then used to reconstruct the seven ocean variable time series with the Kalman smoother algorithm. The second part of this thesis aims to relate the reconstructed OSP variables to modes of climate variability. The reconstructed OSP time series are first smoothed to remove seasonal variations. They are then compared to four climate modes (Pacific Decadal Oscillation, North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, Southern Oscillation Index, and Multivariate ENSO Index) using cross-correlation and cross-spectral analyses. The cross-correlations between the ocean state variables and climate modes show that NPGO has the greatest number of significant correlations as the leading variable. The cross-spectral analyses show that PDO has the least amount of influence on seven ocean state variables, and that NPGO is the climate mode with the most influence on the ocean state variables. Using this method, the influence of climate variability on physical, biogeochemical, and biological ocean variables could potentially be used on any ocean time series.
Download or read book RECONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF OCEAN BIOGEOCHEMICAL AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY AT OCEAN STATION PAPA. written by Erin McKee and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few ocean stations have been in place long enough to observe decadal ocean cycles, but Ocean Station Papa (OSP) is one of those few. With a time series that spans over 60 years, OSP is an ideal data set for linking decadal and multi-decadal changes in the climate and ocean cycles. The purpose of this study is to determine if long term (decadal) climate variations significantly relate to and potentially impact biogeochemical variables in the open ocean north Pacific surface waters. One outstanding problem is that the OSP time series has highly variable sampling effort over time for different ocean variables. Such time gaps and irregular sampling make it difficult to do standard statistical time series analyses. Hence, the first part of this thesis is a statistical reconstruction of the original OSP data onto a regular monthly time grid. This is done using a state space model and the Kalman smoother algorithm. Its central idea is to estimate missing observations in seven ocean variable time series (temperature, salinity, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, chlorophyll, and oxygen) by using empirical relationships between the variables, as well as making use of the fact that some of these variables (e.g. temperature and salinity) are available for the entire analysis period. Specifically, a period of high-density sampling is first used to establish the relationship between the variables, which is then used to reconstruct the seven ocean variable time series with the Kalman smoother algorithm. The second part of this thesis aims to relate the reconstructed OSP variables to modes of climate variability. The reconstructed OSP time series are first smoothed to remove seasonal variations. They are then compared to four climate modes (Pacific Decadal Oscillation, North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, Southern Oscillation Index, and Multivariate ENSO Index) using cross-correlation and cross-spectral analyses. The cross-correlations between the ocean state variables and climate modes show that NPGO has the greatest number of significant correlations as the leading variable. The cross-spectral analyses show that PDO has the least amount of influence on seven ocean state variables, and that NPGO is the climate mode with the most influence on the ocean state variables. Using this method, the influence of climate variability on physical, biogeochemical, and biological ocean variables could potentially be used on any ocean time series.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2015-05-19
Total Pages: 188
ISBN-13: 0309366917
DOWNLOAD EBOOKOcean science connects a global community of scientists in many disciplines - physics, chemistry, biology, geology and geophysics. New observational and computational technologies are transforming the ability of scientists to study the global ocean with a more integrated and dynamic approach. This enhanced understanding of the ocean is becoming ever more important in an economically and geopolitically connected world, and contributes vital information to policy and decision makers charged with addressing societal interests in the ocean. Science provides the knowledge necessary to realize the benefits and manage the risks of the ocean. Comprehensive understanding of the global ocean is fundamental to forecasting and managing risks from severe storms, adapting to the impacts of climate change, and managing ocean resources. In the United States, the National Science Foundation (NSF) is the primary funder of the basic research which underlies advances in our understanding of the ocean. Sea Change addresses the strategic investments necessary at NSF to ensure a robust ocean scientific enterprise over the next decade. This survey provides guidance from the ocean sciences community on research and facilities priorities for the coming decade and makes recommendations for funding priorities.
Download or read book Sea Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean science connects a global community of scientists in many disciplines - physics, chemistry, biology, geology and geophysics. New observational and computational technologies are transforming the ability of scientists to study the global ocean with a more integrated and dynamic approach. This enhanced understanding of the ocean is becoming ever more important in an economically and geopolitically connected world, and contributes vital information to policy and decision makers charged with addressing societal interests in the ocean. Science provides the knowledge necessary to realize the benefits and manage the risks of the ocean. Comprehensive understanding of the global ocean is fundamental to forecasting and managing risks from severe storms, adapting to the impacts of climate change, and managing ocean resources. In the United States, the National Science Foundation (NSF) is the primary funder of the basic research which underlies advances in our understanding of the ocean. Sea Change addresses the strategic investments necessary at NSF to ensure a robust ocean scientific enterprise over the next decade. This survey provides guidance from the ocean sciences community on research and facilities priorities for the coming decade and makes recommendations for funding priorities.
Author: Marcus Reckermann
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2021-06-23
Total Pages: 290
ISBN-13: 288966192X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDownload or read book The Baltic Sea Region in Transition written by Marcus Reckermann and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author: Michael J.R. Fasham
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 324
ISBN-13: 3642558445
DOWNLOAD EBOOKOceans account for 50% of the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere. During the past 15 years an international programme, the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), has been studying the ocean carbon cycle to quantify and model the biological and physical processes whereby CO2 is pumped from the ocean's surface to the depths of the ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. This project is one of the largest multi-disciplinary studies of the oceans ever carried out and this book synthesises the results. It covers all aspects of the topic ranging from air-sea exchange with CO2, the role of physical mixing, the uptake of CO2 by marine algae, the fluxes of carbon and nitrogen through the marine food chain to the subsequent export of carbon to the depths of the ocean. Special emphasis is laid on predicting future climatic change.
Download or read book Ocean Biogeochemistry written by Michael J.R. Fasham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceans account for 50% of the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere. During the past 15 years an international programme, the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), has been studying the ocean carbon cycle to quantify and model the biological and physical processes whereby CO2 is pumped from the ocean's surface to the depths of the ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. This project is one of the largest multi-disciplinary studies of the oceans ever carried out and this book synthesises the results. It covers all aspects of the topic ranging from air-sea exchange with CO2, the role of physical mixing, the uptake of CO2 by marine algae, the fluxes of carbon and nitrogen through the marine food chain to the subsequent export of carbon to the depths of the ocean. Special emphasis is laid on predicting future climatic change.
Author: Haiyong Zheng
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2024-05-15
Total Pages: 555
ISBN-13: 2832549055
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDeep learning (DL), mainly composed of deep and complex neural networks such as recurrent network and convolutional network, is an emerging research branch in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning. DL revolution has a far-reaching impact on all scientific disciplines and every corner of our lives. With continuing technological advances, marine science is entering into the big data era with the exponential growth of information. DL is an effective means of harnessing the power of big data. Combined with unprecedented data from cameras, acoustic recorders, satellite remote sensing, and large model outputs, DL enables scientists to solve complex problems in biology, ecosystems, climate, energy, as well as physical and chemical interactions. Although DL has made great strides, it is still only beginning to emerge in many fields of marine science, especially towards representative applications and best practices for the automatic analysis of marine organisms and marine environments. DL in nowadays' marine science mainly leverages cutting-edge techniques of deep neural networks and massive data which collected by in-situ optical or acoustic imaging sensors for underwater applications, such as plankton classification and coral reef detection. This research topic aims to expand the applications of marine science to cover all aspects of detection, classification, segmentation, localization, and density estimation of marine objects, organisms, and phenomena.
Download or read book Deep Learning for Marine Science written by Haiyong Zheng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-05-15 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep learning (DL), mainly composed of deep and complex neural networks such as recurrent network and convolutional network, is an emerging research branch in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning. DL revolution has a far-reaching impact on all scientific disciplines and every corner of our lives. With continuing technological advances, marine science is entering into the big data era with the exponential growth of information. DL is an effective means of harnessing the power of big data. Combined with unprecedented data from cameras, acoustic recorders, satellite remote sensing, and large model outputs, DL enables scientists to solve complex problems in biology, ecosystems, climate, energy, as well as physical and chemical interactions. Although DL has made great strides, it is still only beginning to emerge in many fields of marine science, especially towards representative applications and best practices for the automatic analysis of marine organisms and marine environments. DL in nowadays' marine science mainly leverages cutting-edge techniques of deep neural networks and massive data which collected by in-situ optical or acoustic imaging sensors for underwater applications, such as plankton classification and coral reef detection. This research topic aims to expand the applications of marine science to cover all aspects of detection, classification, segmentation, localization, and density estimation of marine objects, organisms, and phenomena.
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2023-07-26
Total Pages: 2410
ISBN-13: 1009175351
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science basis of climate change. It considers in situ and remote observations; paleoclimate information; understanding of climate drivers and physical, chemical, and biological processes and feedbacks; global and regional climate modelling; advances in methods of analyses; and insights from climate services. It assesses the current state of the climate; human influence on climate in all regions; future climate change including sea level rise; global warming effects including extremes; climate information for risk assessment and regional adaptation; limiting climate change by reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions and reducing other greenhouse gas emissions; and benefits for air quality. The report serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with the latest policy-relevant information on climate change. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-26 with total page 2410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science basis of climate change. It considers in situ and remote observations; paleoclimate information; understanding of climate drivers and physical, chemical, and biological processes and feedbacks; global and regional climate modelling; advances in methods of analyses; and insights from climate services. It assesses the current state of the climate; human influence on climate in all regions; future climate change including sea level rise; global warming effects including extremes; climate information for risk assessment and regional adaptation; limiting climate change by reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions and reducing other greenhouse gas emissions; and benefits for air quality. The report serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with the latest policy-relevant information on climate change. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Enriqueta Barrera
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 1999-01-01
Total Pages: 458
ISBN-13: 9780813723327
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDownload or read book Evolution of the Cretaceous Ocean-climate System written by Enriqueta Barrera and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2022-05-19
Total Pages: 1807
ISBN-13: 1009178466
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 1807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Allan R. Robinson
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Published: 1962
Total Pages: 860
ISBN-13: 9780674015272
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA continuing, comprehensive and timely survey of the state of knowledge of ocean science, this distinguished series provides an overview of research frontiers as ocean science progresses. Areas covered include physical, biological, and chemical oceanography, marine geology, and geophysics and the interactions of the oceans with the atmosphere, the solid earth, and ice. Because ocean science is evolving so rapidly, straining the boundaries of traditional sub-disciplines, interdisciplinary topics have a special place in this series--including those topics related to the application of ocean science, for example, to ocean technology, marine operations, and the resources of the sea. As a treatise on advances and new developments, each topical volume starts with fundamentals and covers recent progress, so as to provide a balanced account of how oceanography is evolving. Previous volumes (1-12) in the series are now available from Harvard University Press. In the manifold, multidisciplinary efforts of.
Download or read book The Global Coastal Ocean: Panregional syntheses and the coasts of North and South America and Asia written by Allan R. Robinson and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1962 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A continuing, comprehensive and timely survey of the state of knowledge of ocean science, this distinguished series provides an overview of research frontiers as ocean science progresses. Areas covered include physical, biological, and chemical oceanography, marine geology, and geophysics and the interactions of the oceans with the atmosphere, the solid earth, and ice. Because ocean science is evolving so rapidly, straining the boundaries of traditional sub-disciplines, interdisciplinary topics have a special place in this series--including those topics related to the application of ocean science, for example, to ocean technology, marine operations, and the resources of the sea. As a treatise on advances and new developments, each topical volume starts with fundamentals and covers recent progress, so as to provide a balanced account of how oceanography is evolving. Previous volumes (1-12) in the series are now available from Harvard University Press. In the manifold, multidisciplinary efforts of.
