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The aim of this book is to present pedestrian injuries from a biomechanical perspective. We aim to give a detailed treatment of the physics of pedestrian impact, as well as a review of the accident databases and the relevant injury criteria used to assess pedestrian injuries. A further focus will be the effects on injury outcome of (1) pedestrian/vehicle position and velocity at impact and (2) the influence of vehicle design on injury outcome. Most of the content of this book has been published by these and other authors in various journals, but this book will provide a comprehensive treatment of the biomechanics of pedestrian impacts for the first time. It will therefore be of value to new and established researchers alike.
Book Synopsis Pedestrian and Cyclist Impact by : Ciaran Simms
Download or read book Pedestrian and Cyclist Impact written by Ciaran Simms and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-21 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to present pedestrian injuries from a biomechanical perspective. We aim to give a detailed treatment of the physics of pedestrian impact, as well as a review of the accident databases and the relevant injury criteria used to assess pedestrian injuries. A further focus will be the effects on injury outcome of (1) pedestrian/vehicle position and velocity at impact and (2) the influence of vehicle design on injury outcome. Most of the content of this book has been published by these and other authors in various journals, but this book will provide a comprehensive treatment of the biomechanics of pedestrian impacts for the first time. It will therefore be of value to new and established researchers alike.
Book Synopsis Research in Impact Protection for Pedestrians and Cyclists. Final Report by : Paul M. Culkowski
Download or read book Research in Impact Protection for Pedestrians and Cyclists. Final Report written by Paul M. Culkowski and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Physical tests were performed with a bicycle and a dummy in a controlled laboratoryenvironment to reproduce cyclist accidents. The kinematics of 13 sled tests were used toidentify the cyclist head impact location, understand the interaction between the cyclistand bicycle and to validate a mathematical model. The finite element software code LS-DYNA was used to simulate 70 cyclist andpedestrian accidents with motor vehicles with four different vehicle shapes whichsupplemented the physical testing. The study has shown that when cyclists andpedestrians were struck by any of the vehicles their whole body kinematics can bedistinguished into two phases, initially a rotation followed by a sliding action. The SportsUtility Vehicle (SUV) vehicle produced more of a rotation action rather than sliding, whereas the other vehicles produced a combination of the two. The current pedestrian legislation does not cover all head impact locations for cyclistsand therefore needs to be extended to encompass the windscreen and A-Pillar regions ofthe vehicles. The wrap around distance (WAD) for all the vehicles, apart from the SUV, should be extended to encompass a larger region. For the SUV the current WAD region isadequate in protecting cyclists and pedestrians and does not need to change. Thepredicted head impactor angle for cyclists is 40 degrees which is lower than the currentlegislative value of 65 degrees and the predicted pedestrian head impact angle is higher ata value of 80 degrees for the MPV, SM and LFC. For the SUV the proposed impactorangle increased to 100 degrees for cyclists and pedestrians. This research has demonstrated significant differences in terms of input variables andoutcomes between cyclist and pedestrian accidents involving vehicles. It has usedmathematical models to obtain injury data from a human mathematical model andphysical testing to replicate real world cyclist accident scenarios. Recommendations havebeen proposed for future legislative testing techniques for cyclists, based on existingpedestrian legislation. These recommendations to alter legislation will improve vehicledesign and make future vehicles more cyclist-friendly.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Cyclist and Pedestian Impacts with Motor Vehicles Using Experimentation and Simulation by : J. W. Watson
Download or read book Investigation of Cyclist and Pedestian Impacts with Motor Vehicles Using Experimentation and Simulation written by J. W. Watson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical tests were performed with a bicycle and a dummy in a controlled laboratoryenvironment to reproduce cyclist accidents. The kinematics of 13 sled tests were used toidentify the cyclist head impact location, understand the interaction between the cyclistand bicycle and to validate a mathematical model. The finite element software code LS-DYNA was used to simulate 70 cyclist andpedestrian accidents with motor vehicles with four different vehicle shapes whichsupplemented the physical testing. The study has shown that when cyclists andpedestrians were struck by any of the vehicles their whole body kinematics can bedistinguished into two phases, initially a rotation followed by a sliding action. The SportsUtility Vehicle (SUV) vehicle produced more of a rotation action rather than sliding, whereas the other vehicles produced a combination of the two. The current pedestrian legislation does not cover all head impact locations for cyclistsand therefore needs to be extended to encompass the windscreen and A-Pillar regions ofthe vehicles. The wrap around distance (WAD) for all the vehicles, apart from the SUV, should be extended to encompass a larger region. For the SUV the current WAD region isadequate in protecting cyclists and pedestrians and does not need to change. Thepredicted head impactor angle for cyclists is 40 degrees which is lower than the currentlegislative value of 65 degrees and the predicted pedestrian head impact angle is higher ata value of 80 degrees for the MPV, SM and LFC. For the SUV the proposed impactorangle increased to 100 degrees for cyclists and pedestrians. This research has demonstrated significant differences in terms of input variables andoutcomes between cyclist and pedestrian accidents involving vehicles. It has usedmathematical models to obtain injury data from a human mathematical model andphysical testing to replicate real world cyclist accident scenarios. Recommendations havebeen proposed for future legislative testing techniques for cyclists, based on existingpedestrian legislation. These recommendations to alter legislation will improve vehicledesign and make future vehicles more cyclist-friendly.
As more people walk and bike in their communities, there is a corresponding increase in the number of crashes with motor vehicles. In 2018, approximately 5,977 pedestrians and 783 cyclists’ deaths were reported in the U.S. Safety interventions to decrease motor vehicle crashes have included: roadway design; safety programs; and laws. However, there is still much that is unknown about the factors that impact motor vehicle crashes with pedestrians and cyclists. This study, centered on the socioecological framework, aimed to describe the pedestrian and cyclist motor vehicle crashes occurring in Wichita, Kansas from 2008 through 2019. Specifically, to identify factors associated with fatalities/serious injuries of pedestrians and cyclists. From 2008 through 2019, 2,015 motor vehicle crashes involving a pedestrian (48.6%, n=979) or cyclist (51.4%, n=1,036) were reported. On average, 168 (SD = 25.300) motor vehicle crashes with pedestrian and cyclist were reported each year. Broadway street or intersections (31.7%, n=171) had the most pedestrian (n=86) and cyclist (n=85) crashes over the 12-year time period. Of the total motor vehicle crashes that included injury information (n=1,957), 26.3% (n=256) resulted in a severe or fatal injury for a pedestrian (n=177) or cyclist (n=79). There were significant associations between pedestrian serious/fatal injuries and: pedestrian age, driver age, time of day, road characteristics, vehicle maneuver, vehicle damage, pedestrian location before impact, pedestrian substance abuse, and driver substance abuse. Additionally, there were significant associations between cyclist serious or fatal injuries and: cyclist sex, driver sex, time of day, surface condition, zone, vehicle maneuver, vehicle damage, and cyclist location before impact. Study findings suggest that the frequency of pedestrian and cyclist crashes in the city of Wichita either remained consistent or increased over the course of 12 years, underscoring a need for action to increase safety and implement plans and policy efforts to decrease crash prevalence.
Book Synopsis Understanding Contributing Factors for Pedestrian and Cyclist Crashes and Fatalities in the City of Wichita by : Amanda I. Aguila Gonzalez
Download or read book Understanding Contributing Factors for Pedestrian and Cyclist Crashes and Fatalities in the City of Wichita written by Amanda I. Aguila Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As more people walk and bike in their communities, there is a corresponding increase in the number of crashes with motor vehicles. In 2018, approximately 5,977 pedestrians and 783 cyclists’ deaths were reported in the U.S. Safety interventions to decrease motor vehicle crashes have included: roadway design; safety programs; and laws. However, there is still much that is unknown about the factors that impact motor vehicle crashes with pedestrians and cyclists. This study, centered on the socioecological framework, aimed to describe the pedestrian and cyclist motor vehicle crashes occurring in Wichita, Kansas from 2008 through 2019. Specifically, to identify factors associated with fatalities/serious injuries of pedestrians and cyclists. From 2008 through 2019, 2,015 motor vehicle crashes involving a pedestrian (48.6%, n=979) or cyclist (51.4%, n=1,036) were reported. On average, 168 (SD = 25.300) motor vehicle crashes with pedestrian and cyclist were reported each year. Broadway street or intersections (31.7%, n=171) had the most pedestrian (n=86) and cyclist (n=85) crashes over the 12-year time period. Of the total motor vehicle crashes that included injury information (n=1,957), 26.3% (n=256) resulted in a severe or fatal injury for a pedestrian (n=177) or cyclist (n=79). There were significant associations between pedestrian serious/fatal injuries and: pedestrian age, driver age, time of day, road characteristics, vehicle maneuver, vehicle damage, pedestrian location before impact, pedestrian substance abuse, and driver substance abuse. Additionally, there were significant associations between cyclist serious or fatal injuries and: cyclist sex, driver sex, time of day, surface condition, zone, vehicle maneuver, vehicle damage, and cyclist location before impact. Study findings suggest that the frequency of pedestrian and cyclist crashes in the city of Wichita either remained consistent or increased over the course of 12 years, underscoring a need for action to increase safety and implement plans and policy efforts to decrease crash prevalence.
Walking and biking are becoming increasingly popular modes of transportation: nearly a million more people reported walking or biking to work in 2013 than in 2005. While total traffic fatalities declined from 2004 through 2013 (the most recent year for which data are available), this was not matched by a similar decline in pedestrian and cyclist fatalities. This book examines trends in pedestrian and cyclist fatalities and injuries from 2004 through 2013 and characteristics of these fatalities and injuries; safety initiatives selected states and cities have implemented and their views on challenges in addressing this issue; and actions taken by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to help improve safety. Furthermore, this book identifies noteworthy and innovative international designs, treatments, and other practices that have potential to improve bicycle and pedestrian safety and access and increase walking and bicycling in the United States.
Book Synopsis Pedestrian and Cyclist Safety by : Dora Holland
Download or read book Pedestrian and Cyclist Safety written by Dora Holland and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Walking and biking are becoming increasingly popular modes of transportation: nearly a million more people reported walking or biking to work in 2013 than in 2005. While total traffic fatalities declined from 2004 through 2013 (the most recent year for which data are available), this was not matched by a similar decline in pedestrian and cyclist fatalities. This book examines trends in pedestrian and cyclist fatalities and injuries from 2004 through 2013 and characteristics of these fatalities and injuries; safety initiatives selected states and cities have implemented and their views on challenges in addressing this issue; and actions taken by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to help improve safety. Furthermore, this book identifies noteworthy and innovative international designs, treatments, and other practices that have potential to improve bicycle and pedestrian safety and access and increase walking and bicycling in the United States.
Download or read book Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles. Tenth. [Proceedings.]. by :
Download or read book International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles. Tenth. [Proceedings.]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 1256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Road Diets on Pedestrian and Cyclist Injuries in Los Angeles by : Donna L. Gurule
Download or read book Effects of Road Diets on Pedestrian and Cyclist Injuries in Los Angeles written by Donna L. Gurule and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
A report that highlights the fall in the number of deaths among both pedestrians and cyclists since the mid-1990s.
Book Synopsis Improving Road Safety for Pedestrians and Cyclists in Great Britain by : Great Britain. National Audit Office
Download or read book Improving Road Safety for Pedestrians and Cyclists in Great Britain written by Great Britain. National Audit Office and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2009 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A report that highlights the fall in the number of deaths among both pedestrians and cyclists since the mid-1990s.
Over the past 25 years, Harold and Darren Franck have investigated hundreds of accidents involving vehicles of almost every shape, size, and type imaginable. In Mathematical Methods for Accident Reconstruction: A Forensic Engineering Perspective, these seasoned experts demonstrate the application of mathematics to modeling accident reconstructions
Book Synopsis Mathematical Methods for Accident Reconstruction by : Harold Franck
Download or read book Mathematical Methods for Accident Reconstruction written by Harold Franck and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-15 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 25 years, Harold and Darren Franck have investigated hundreds of accidents involving vehicles of almost every shape, size, and type imaginable. In Mathematical Methods for Accident Reconstruction: A Forensic Engineering Perspective, these seasoned experts demonstrate the application of mathematics to modeling accident reconstructions
