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Reconstruction of ocean paleoproductivity and paleochemistry is paramount to understanding global biogeochemical cycles such as the carbon, oxygen and sulfur cycles and the responses of these cycles to changes in climate and tectonics. Paleo-reconstruction involves the application of various tracers that record seawater compositions, which in turn may be used to infer oceanic processes. Several important tracers are incorporated into pelagic barite, an authigenic mineral that forms in the water column. Here we summarize the utility of pelagic barite for the reconstruction of export production and as a recorder of seawater S, O, Sr, Ca and Ba.
Book Synopsis Pelagic Barite by : Weiqi Yao
Download or read book Pelagic Barite written by Weiqi Yao and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-28 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reconstruction of ocean paleoproductivity and paleochemistry is paramount to understanding global biogeochemical cycles such as the carbon, oxygen and sulfur cycles and the responses of these cycles to changes in climate and tectonics. Paleo-reconstruction involves the application of various tracers that record seawater compositions, which in turn may be used to infer oceanic processes. Several important tracers are incorporated into pelagic barite, an authigenic mineral that forms in the water column. Here we summarize the utility of pelagic barite for the reconstruction of export production and as a recorder of seawater S, O, Sr, Ca and Ba.
Volume 40 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry compiles and synthesizes current information on sulfate minerals from a variety of perspectives, including crystallography, geochemical properties, geological environments of formation, thermodynamic stability relations, kinetics of formation and dissolution, and environmental aspects. The first two chapters cover crystallography (Chapter 1) and spectroscopy (Chapter 2). Environments with alkali and alkaline earth sulfates are described in the next three chapters, on evaporites (Chapter 3), barite-celestine deposits (Chapter 4), and the kinetics of precipitation and dissolution of gypsum, barite, and celestine (Chapter 5). Acidic environments are the theme for the next four chapters, which cover soluble metal salts from sulfide oxidation (Chapter 6), iron and aluminum hydroxysulfates (Chapter 7), jarosites in hydrometallugy (Chapter 8), and alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology (Chapter 9). The next two chapters discuss thermodynamic modeling of sulfate systems from the perspectives of predicting sulfate-mineral solubilities in waters covering a wide range in composition and concentration (Chapter 10) and predicting interactions between sulfate solid solutions and aqueous solutions (Chapter 11). The concluding chapter on stable-isotope systematics (Chapter 12) discusses the utility of sulfate minerals in understanding the geological and geochemical processes in both high- and low-temperature environments, and in unraveling the past evolution of natural systems through paleoclimate studies. The review chapters in this volume were the basis for a short course on sulfate minerals sponsored by the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) November 11-12, 2000 in Tahoe City, California, prior to the Annual Meeting of MSA, the Geological Society of America, and other associated societies in nearby Reno, Nevada. The conveners of the course (and editors of this volume of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry), Alpers, John Jambor, and Kirk Nordstrom, also organized related topical sessions at the GSA meeting on sulfate minerals in both hydrothermal and low-temperature environments.
Book Synopsis Sulfate Minerals by : Charles N. Alpers
Download or read book Sulfate Minerals written by Charles N. Alpers and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 40 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry compiles and synthesizes current information on sulfate minerals from a variety of perspectives, including crystallography, geochemical properties, geological environments of formation, thermodynamic stability relations, kinetics of formation and dissolution, and environmental aspects. The first two chapters cover crystallography (Chapter 1) and spectroscopy (Chapter 2). Environments with alkali and alkaline earth sulfates are described in the next three chapters, on evaporites (Chapter 3), barite-celestine deposits (Chapter 4), and the kinetics of precipitation and dissolution of gypsum, barite, and celestine (Chapter 5). Acidic environments are the theme for the next four chapters, which cover soluble metal salts from sulfide oxidation (Chapter 6), iron and aluminum hydroxysulfates (Chapter 7), jarosites in hydrometallugy (Chapter 8), and alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology (Chapter 9). The next two chapters discuss thermodynamic modeling of sulfate systems from the perspectives of predicting sulfate-mineral solubilities in waters covering a wide range in composition and concentration (Chapter 10) and predicting interactions between sulfate solid solutions and aqueous solutions (Chapter 11). The concluding chapter on stable-isotope systematics (Chapter 12) discusses the utility of sulfate minerals in understanding the geological and geochemical processes in both high- and low-temperature environments, and in unraveling the past evolution of natural systems through paleoclimate studies. The review chapters in this volume were the basis for a short course on sulfate minerals sponsored by the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) November 11-12, 2000 in Tahoe City, California, prior to the Annual Meeting of MSA, the Geological Society of America, and other associated societies in nearby Reno, Nevada. The conveners of the course (and editors of this volume of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry), Alpers, John Jambor, and Kirk Nordstrom, also organized related topical sessions at the GSA meeting on sulfate minerals in both hydrothermal and low-temperature environments.
This classic textbook is an introduction to the systematics and the use of stable isotopes in geosciences. It is subdivided into three parts: i) theoretical and experimental principles, ii) fractionation processes of light and heavy elements, iii) the natural variations of geologically important reservoirs. Since the publication of the previous edition advances in multicollector-ICP-mass-spectrometry allow precise measurements of new isotope systems. In this new edition therefore, 42 elements with resolvable natural variations in isotope composition are discussed. New findings from non-traditional isotope systems have been incorporated. Many new references have been added, which enable quick access to recent literature.
Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Geochemistry by : Jochen Hoefs
Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by Jochen Hoefs and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-05 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic textbook is an introduction to the systematics and the use of stable isotopes in geosciences. It is subdivided into three parts: i) theoretical and experimental principles, ii) fractionation processes of light and heavy elements, iii) the natural variations of geologically important reservoirs. Since the publication of the previous edition advances in multicollector-ICP-mass-spectrometry allow precise measurements of new isotope systems. In this new edition therefore, 42 elements with resolvable natural variations in isotope composition are discussed. New findings from non-traditional isotope systems have been incorporated. Many new references have been added, which enable quick access to recent literature.
Case Studies in Isotope Stratigraphy, Volume Four in the Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy series, covers current research across many stratigraphic disciplines, providing information on the most recent developments for the geoscientific research community. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, isotope stratigraphy, astrochronology, climatostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, ice core chronology, cyclostratigraphy, paleoceanography, sequence stratigraphy, and more. Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field Aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, and more
Book Synopsis Case Studies in Isotope Stratigraphy by : Michael Montenari
Download or read book Case Studies in Isotope Stratigraphy written by Michael Montenari and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-10 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case Studies in Isotope Stratigraphy, Volume Four in the Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy series, covers current research across many stratigraphic disciplines, providing information on the most recent developments for the geoscientific research community. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, isotope stratigraphy, astrochronology, climatostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, ice core chronology, cyclostratigraphy, paleoceanography, sequence stratigraphy, and more. Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field Aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, and more
Book Synopsis Stratiform barite deposits in the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada by :
Download or read book Stratiform barite deposits in the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
In the modern marine environment, barium isotope (δ138Ba) variations are primarily driven by barite cycling—barite incorporates 'light' Ba isotopes from solution, rendering the residual Ba reservoir enriched in 'heavy' Ba isotopes by a complementary amount. Since the processes of barite precipitation and dissolution are vertically segregated and spatially heterogeneous, barite cycling drives systematic variations in the barium isotope composition of seawater and sediments. This Element examines these variations; evaluates their global, regional, local, and geological controls; and, explores how δ138Ba can be exploited to constrain the origin of enigmatic sedimentary sulfates and to study marine biogeochemistry over Earth's history.
Book Synopsis Barium Isotopes by : Tristan J. Horner
Download or read book Barium Isotopes written by Tristan J. Horner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the modern marine environment, barium isotope (δ138Ba) variations are primarily driven by barite cycling—barite incorporates 'light' Ba isotopes from solution, rendering the residual Ba reservoir enriched in 'heavy' Ba isotopes by a complementary amount. Since the processes of barite precipitation and dissolution are vertically segregated and spatially heterogeneous, barite cycling drives systematic variations in the barium isotope composition of seawater and sediments. This Element examines these variations; evaluates their global, regional, local, and geological controls; and, explores how δ138Ba can be exploited to constrain the origin of enigmatic sedimentary sulfates and to study marine biogeochemistry over Earth's history.
The study of past geologic records and present-day oceanographic processes can benefit society by better understanding how climate and biogeochemical processes interact in ocean. I present research that helps better understand these interactions by studying marine sediments, specifically barium in aqueous settings. This dissertation is separated into three projects that utilize geochemical interpretation of sediments and fluxes from the ocean to understand biogeochemical changes in past and present oceans. The first two projects study the export of carbon from ocean surface to deep waters in the tropical Pacific. The Maastrichtian records confirm that organic carbon export proxies related to barite (BaSO4) can be reconstructed at high-resolution using non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Ba. This scanning XRF Ba record from 71.5 to 66 million years ago (Ma), after 405 kyr tuning, shows direct precessional cycle influence on organic carbon export during the cool greenhouse conditions of Late Cretaceous in the tropical Pacific. This suggests high frequency climate variability existed in the tropical Pacific and precession had a role in driving these changes, which were enhanced after Deccan volcanism when CO2 concentrations increased. A modern sediment trap record of carbon export determined by analyzing excess-Ba content (proxy for barite) from 2003 to 2013 records changed across a shift in the phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). This record suggests upwelling is the main driving force for carbon export in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) by the carbon export showing variations following the PDO phases as similar to the upwelling magnitude changes, rather than the surface dust input. The dust deposition at the surface decoupled from dust export at depth leads to the conclusion that dust has limited role as a micronutrient source. Together these records suggest that hydrological changes in the tropical Pacific are important drivers of change for organic carbon export in both the Late Cretaceous and modern oceans. The last project presents selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) speciation within natural barite samples which reflect the aqueous environment oxidation state (i.e., oxic, suboxic, and anoxic). Natural barite sample (n=12) Se(VI)/Se(IV) and As(V)/As(III) results were obtained through X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy from marine pelagic, marine diagenetic, continental, hydrothermal, and cold seep barite. The results suggest that Se and As speciation reflect the redox condition of the environment in which barite precipitates, and further potentially provide information about biological sulfate reduction.
Book Synopsis Reconstructing Biological and Chemical Changes in the Tropical Pacific Using Bio-barium and Pelagic Barite by : Ji-Eun Kim (Ph. D. in earth sciences)
Download or read book Reconstructing Biological and Chemical Changes in the Tropical Pacific Using Bio-barium and Pelagic Barite written by Ji-Eun Kim (Ph. D. in earth sciences) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of past geologic records and present-day oceanographic processes can benefit society by better understanding how climate and biogeochemical processes interact in ocean. I present research that helps better understand these interactions by studying marine sediments, specifically barium in aqueous settings. This dissertation is separated into three projects that utilize geochemical interpretation of sediments and fluxes from the ocean to understand biogeochemical changes in past and present oceans. The first two projects study the export of carbon from ocean surface to deep waters in the tropical Pacific. The Maastrichtian records confirm that organic carbon export proxies related to barite (BaSO4) can be reconstructed at high-resolution using non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Ba. This scanning XRF Ba record from 71.5 to 66 million years ago (Ma), after 405 kyr tuning, shows direct precessional cycle influence on organic carbon export during the cool greenhouse conditions of Late Cretaceous in the tropical Pacific. This suggests high frequency climate variability existed in the tropical Pacific and precession had a role in driving these changes, which were enhanced after Deccan volcanism when CO2 concentrations increased. A modern sediment trap record of carbon export determined by analyzing excess-Ba content (proxy for barite) from 2003 to 2013 records changed across a shift in the phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). This record suggests upwelling is the main driving force for carbon export in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) by the carbon export showing variations following the PDO phases as similar to the upwelling magnitude changes, rather than the surface dust input. The dust deposition at the surface decoupled from dust export at depth leads to the conclusion that dust has limited role as a micronutrient source. Together these records suggest that hydrological changes in the tropical Pacific are important drivers of change for organic carbon export in both the Late Cretaceous and modern oceans. The last project presents selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) speciation within natural barite samples which reflect the aqueous environment oxidation state (i.e., oxic, suboxic, and anoxic). Natural barite sample (n=12) Se(VI)/Se(IV) and As(V)/As(III) results were obtained through X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy from marine pelagic, marine diagenetic, continental, hydrothermal, and cold seep barite. The results suggest that Se and As speciation reflect the redox condition of the environment in which barite precipitates, and further potentially provide information about biological sulfate reduction.
Book Synopsis U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin by :
Download or read book U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2169 by :
Download or read book Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2169 written by and published by Natural Resources Canada. This book was released on with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Molybdenum (Mo) is a widely used trace metal for investigating redox conditions. However, unanswered questions remain that concentration and bulk isotopic analysis cannot specially answer. Improvements can be made by combining new geochemical techniques to traditional methods of Mo analysis. In this Element, we propose a refinement of Mo geochemistry within aquatic systems, ancient rocks, and modern sediments through molecular geochemistry (systematically combining concentration, isotope ratio, elemental mapping, and speciation analyses). Specifically, to intermediate sulfide concentrations governing Mo behavior below the 'switch-point' and dominant sequestration pathways in low oxygen conditions. The aim of this work is to 1) aid and improve the breadth of Mo paleoproxy interpretations by considering Mo speciation and 2) address outstanding research gaps concerning Mo systematics (cycling, partitioning, sequestration, etc.). The Mo paleoproxy has potential to solve ever complex research questions. By using molecular geochemical recommendations, improved Mo paleoproxy interpretations and reconstruction can be achieved.
Book Synopsis Molybdenum as a Paleoredox Proxy by : Stephan R. Hlohowskyj
Download or read book Molybdenum as a Paleoredox Proxy written by Stephan R. Hlohowskyj and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molybdenum (Mo) is a widely used trace metal for investigating redox conditions. However, unanswered questions remain that concentration and bulk isotopic analysis cannot specially answer. Improvements can be made by combining new geochemical techniques to traditional methods of Mo analysis. In this Element, we propose a refinement of Mo geochemistry within aquatic systems, ancient rocks, and modern sediments through molecular geochemistry (systematically combining concentration, isotope ratio, elemental mapping, and speciation analyses). Specifically, to intermediate sulfide concentrations governing Mo behavior below the 'switch-point' and dominant sequestration pathways in low oxygen conditions. The aim of this work is to 1) aid and improve the breadth of Mo paleoproxy interpretations by considering Mo speciation and 2) address outstanding research gaps concerning Mo systematics (cycling, partitioning, sequestration, etc.). The Mo paleoproxy has potential to solve ever complex research questions. By using molecular geochemical recommendations, improved Mo paleoproxy interpretations and reconstruction can be achieved.
