Post-Perovskite

Post-Perovskite

Author: Kei Hirose

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-04-30

Total Pages: 478

ISBN-13: 1118671937

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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 174. Discovery of the perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO3, expected to occur for deep mantle conditions, was first announced in April 2004. This immediately stimulated numerous studies in experimental and theoretical mineral physics, seismology, and geodynamics evaluating the implications of a major lower mantle phase change. A resulting revolution in our understanding of the D′′ region in the lowermost mantle is well underway. This monograph presents the multidisciplinary advances to date ensuing from interpreting deep mantle seismological structures and dynamical processes in the context of the experimentally and theoretically determined properties of the post-perovskite phase change; the last silicate phase change likely to occur with increasing pressure in lowermost mantle rocks.


Book Synopsis Post-Perovskite by : Kei Hirose

Download or read book Post-Perovskite written by Kei Hirose and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 174. Discovery of the perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO3, expected to occur for deep mantle conditions, was first announced in April 2004. This immediately stimulated numerous studies in experimental and theoretical mineral physics, seismology, and geodynamics evaluating the implications of a major lower mantle phase change. A resulting revolution in our understanding of the D′′ region in the lowermost mantle is well underway. This monograph presents the multidisciplinary advances to date ensuing from interpreting deep mantle seismological structures and dynamical processes in the context of the experimentally and theoretically determined properties of the post-perovskite phase change; the last silicate phase change likely to occur with increasing pressure in lowermost mantle rocks.


Treatise on Geophysics

Treatise on Geophysics

Author:

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2015-04-17

Total Pages: 5604

ISBN-13: 0444538038

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Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole


Book Synopsis Treatise on Geophysics by :

Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 5604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole


The Earth's Lower Mantle

The Earth's Lower Mantle

Author: Felix V. Kaminsky

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-05-22

Total Pages: 331

ISBN-13: 3319556843

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This book presents the first overview of the composition and structure of the Earth’s lower mantle. The first part focuses on the study of lower-mantle minerals, identified as inclusions in diamonds from different regions of the world. Three associations are established among the lower-mantle minerals: ultramafic, mafic, and carbonatic. The carbonatic association is of particular interest because it characterizes the media of natural diamond formation. In turn, the second part analyzes the structure of the lower mantle, revealing its heterogeneous composition. It is based on the results of experiments demonstrating phase transitions in lower-mantle minerals, and on seismological data. Deep-seated earthquakes point to the presence within the lower mantle of numerous seismic boundaries caused by mineral structure transitions. In closing, the last part of the book compares observed data with experimental data, highlighting several discrepancies that indicate Earth may have a more complex planetary history than previously assumed, and examining its primarily non-chondritic composition.


Book Synopsis The Earth's Lower Mantle by : Felix V. Kaminsky

Download or read book The Earth's Lower Mantle written by Felix V. Kaminsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the first overview of the composition and structure of the Earth’s lower mantle. The first part focuses on the study of lower-mantle minerals, identified as inclusions in diamonds from different regions of the world. Three associations are established among the lower-mantle minerals: ultramafic, mafic, and carbonatic. The carbonatic association is of particular interest because it characterizes the media of natural diamond formation. In turn, the second part analyzes the structure of the lower mantle, revealing its heterogeneous composition. It is based on the results of experiments demonstrating phase transitions in lower-mantle minerals, and on seismological data. Deep-seated earthquakes point to the presence within the lower mantle of numerous seismic boundaries caused by mineral structure transitions. In closing, the last part of the book compares observed data with experimental data, highlighting several discrepancies that indicate Earth may have a more complex planetary history than previously assumed, and examining its primarily non-chondritic composition.


The Earth's Heterogeneous Mantle

The Earth's Heterogeneous Mantle

Author: Amir Khan

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-04-28

Total Pages: 530

ISBN-13: 3319156276

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This book highlights and discusses recent developments that have contributed to an improved understanding of observed mantle heterogeneities and their relation to the thermo-chemical state of Earth's mantle, which ultimately holds the key to unlocking the secrets of the evolution of our planet. This series of topical reviews and original contributions address 4 themes. Theme 1 covers topics in geophysics, including global and regional seismic tomography, electrical conductivity and seismic imaging of mantle discontinuities and heterogeneities in the upper mantle, transition zone and lower mantle. Theme 2 addresses geochemical views of the mantle including lithospheric evolution from analysis of mantle xenoliths, composition of the deep Earth and the effect of water on subduction-zone processes. Theme 3 discusses geodynamical perspectives on the global thermo-chemical structure of the deep mantle. Theme 4 covers application of mineral physics data and phase equilibrium computations to infer the regional-scale thermo-chemical structure of the mantle.


Book Synopsis The Earth's Heterogeneous Mantle by : Amir Khan

Download or read book The Earth's Heterogeneous Mantle written by Amir Khan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights and discusses recent developments that have contributed to an improved understanding of observed mantle heterogeneities and their relation to the thermo-chemical state of Earth's mantle, which ultimately holds the key to unlocking the secrets of the evolution of our planet. This series of topical reviews and original contributions address 4 themes. Theme 1 covers topics in geophysics, including global and regional seismic tomography, electrical conductivity and seismic imaging of mantle discontinuities and heterogeneities in the upper mantle, transition zone and lower mantle. Theme 2 addresses geochemical views of the mantle including lithospheric evolution from analysis of mantle xenoliths, composition of the deep Earth and the effect of water on subduction-zone processes. Theme 3 discusses geodynamical perspectives on the global thermo-chemical structure of the deep mantle. Theme 4 covers application of mineral physics data and phase equilibrium computations to infer the regional-scale thermo-chemical structure of the mantle.


Advances in High-pressure Mineralogy

Advances in High-pressure Mineralogy

Author: Eiji Ohtani

Publisher: Geological Society of America

Published: 2007-01-01

Total Pages: 252

ISBN-13: 081372421X

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Book Synopsis Advances in High-pressure Mineralogy by : Eiji Ohtani

Download or read book Advances in High-pressure Mineralogy written by Eiji Ohtani and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Superplumes: Beyond Plate Tectonics

Superplumes: Beyond Plate Tectonics

Author: David A. Yuen

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-08-26

Total Pages: 566

ISBN-13: 1402057504

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This abundantly illustrated book provides a concise overview of our understanding of the entire mantle, its evolution since early differentiation and the consequences of superplumes for earth surface processes. The book’s balanced authorship has produced a state-of-the-science report on the emerging concept of superplumes. This presents a new concept to explain catastrophic events on Earth through geologic time.


Book Synopsis Superplumes: Beyond Plate Tectonics by : David A. Yuen

Download or read book Superplumes: Beyond Plate Tectonics written by David A. Yuen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-26 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This abundantly illustrated book provides a concise overview of our understanding of the entire mantle, its evolution since early differentiation and the consequences of superplumes for earth surface processes. The book’s balanced authorship has produced a state-of-the-science report on the emerging concept of superplumes. This presents a new concept to explain catastrophic events on Earth through geologic time.


Physics and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior

Author: Alok Krishna Gupta

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-10-06

Total Pages: 197

ISBN-13: 1441903461

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The Indian National Science Academy was established in January 1935 with the objective of promoting science in India and harnessing scientific knowledge for the cause of humanity and national welfare. In 1968 it was designated as the adhering organisation in India to the International Council for Scientific Union (ICSU) on behalf of the Government of India. Over the years, the Academy has published a number of journals, volumes, biographical memoirs, etc. The year 2009–2010 will be specially celebrated to mark the Platinum Jubilee of the Academy. Many programmes are planned in different centres in India on this occasion. In addition, the Academy has decided to publish a number of special volumes on different s- jects ranging from earth sciences to life sciences. This volume is on Physics and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior. One of the main objectives of geophysicists is to establish the internal structure of the earth as revealed by seismic tomography. It is also their primary goal to correlate geophy- cal data to reveal thermal and chemical state of the crust, mantle and core of the earth. In - der to interpret seismic velocities and associated density and elastic properties in terms of mineralogical and petrological models of the earth’s interior, thermodynamic and hi- pressure temperature data from mineral physics are essential. With the advent of different types of multi-anvil and laser-heated diamond anvil equipment, it is now possible to simulate conditions prevalent even in the lower mantle and core of the earth.


Book Synopsis Physics and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior by : Alok Krishna Gupta

Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior written by Alok Krishna Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indian National Science Academy was established in January 1935 with the objective of promoting science in India and harnessing scientific knowledge for the cause of humanity and national welfare. In 1968 it was designated as the adhering organisation in India to the International Council for Scientific Union (ICSU) on behalf of the Government of India. Over the years, the Academy has published a number of journals, volumes, biographical memoirs, etc. The year 2009–2010 will be specially celebrated to mark the Platinum Jubilee of the Academy. Many programmes are planned in different centres in India on this occasion. In addition, the Academy has decided to publish a number of special volumes on different s- jects ranging from earth sciences to life sciences. This volume is on Physics and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior. One of the main objectives of geophysicists is to establish the internal structure of the earth as revealed by seismic tomography. It is also their primary goal to correlate geophy- cal data to reveal thermal and chemical state of the crust, mantle and core of the earth. In - der to interpret seismic velocities and associated density and elastic properties in terms of mineralogical and petrological models of the earth’s interior, thermodynamic and hi- pressure temperature data from mineral physics are essential. With the advent of different types of multi-anvil and laser-heated diamond anvil equipment, it is now possible to simulate conditions prevalent even in the lower mantle and core of the earth.


Molecular Simulation Studies in Material and Biological Sciences

Molecular Simulation Studies in Material and Biological Sciences

Author: Kholmirzo Kholmurodov

Publisher: Nova Publishers

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 212

ISBN-13: 9781594546075

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Book & CD. Computer molecular simulations of complex multi-particle systems play a fascinating role in fundamental physics, biochemical and life sciences. Having an increasingly significant impact on many applied industries, especially in modern biophysical and nanotechnological areas, molecular simulation provides a set of tools for predicting many functional properties of molecular systems. The chemical, pharmaceutical, materials and related industries -- all share the computer molecular simulation methods. The molecular simulation studies cover different fields of either biological processes -- protein folding and electron densities of DNA and proteins, or thin film formations and surface-cluster phenomena in nanoelectronics, synthetic copolymers and biopolymer design in biochemistry, so on. Practically all of the world's present supercomputers and many specially developed high performance computing clusters over the world are performing molecular simulations or are aimed on these needs. This book presents leading international research in this dynamic field.


Book Synopsis Molecular Simulation Studies in Material and Biological Sciences by : Kholmirzo Kholmurodov

Download or read book Molecular Simulation Studies in Material and Biological Sciences written by Kholmirzo Kholmurodov and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Book & CD. Computer molecular simulations of complex multi-particle systems play a fascinating role in fundamental physics, biochemical and life sciences. Having an increasingly significant impact on many applied industries, especially in modern biophysical and nanotechnological areas, molecular simulation provides a set of tools for predicting many functional properties of molecular systems. The chemical, pharmaceutical, materials and related industries -- all share the computer molecular simulation methods. The molecular simulation studies cover different fields of either biological processes -- protein folding and electron densities of DNA and proteins, or thin film formations and surface-cluster phenomena in nanoelectronics, synthetic copolymers and biopolymer design in biochemistry, so on. Practically all of the world's present supercomputers and many specially developed high performance computing clusters over the world are performing molecular simulations or are aimed on these needs. This book presents leading international research in this dynamic field.


Theoretical and Computational Methods in Mineral Physics

Theoretical and Computational Methods in Mineral Physics

Author: Renata M. Wentzcovitch

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2018-12-17

Total Pages: 504

ISBN-13: 150150844X

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Volume 71 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry represents an extensive review of the material presented by the invited speakers at a short course on Theoretical and Computational Methods in Mineral Physics held prior (December 10-12, 2009) to the Annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, California. The meeting was held at the Doubletree Hotel & Executive Meeting Center in Berkeley, California. Contents: Density functional theory of electronic structure: a short course for mineralogists and geophysicists The Minnesota density functionals and their applications to problems in mineralogy and geochemistry Density-functional perturbation theory for quasi-harmonic calculations Thermodynamic properties and phase relations in mantle minerals investigated by first principles quasiharmonic theory First principles quasiharmonic thermoelasticity of mantle minerals An overview of quantum Monte Carlo methods Quantum Monte Carlo studies of transition metal oxides Accurate and efficient calculations on strongly correlated minerals with the LDA+U method: review and perspectives Spin-state crossover of iron in lower-mantle minerals: results of DFT+U investigations Simulating diffusion Modeling dislocations and plasticity of deep earth materials Theoretical methods for calculating the lattice thermal conductivity of minerals Evolutionary crystal structure prediction as a method for the discovery of minerals and materials Multi-Mbar phase transitions in minerals Computer simulations on phase transitions in ice Iron at Earth’s core conditions from first principles calculations First-principles molecular dynamics simulations of silicate melts: structural and dynamical properties Lattice dynamics from force-fields as a technique for mineral physics An efficient cluster expansion method for binary solid solutions: application to the halite-silvite, NaCl-KCl, system Large scale simulations Thermodynamics of the Earth’s mantle


Book Synopsis Theoretical and Computational Methods in Mineral Physics by : Renata M. Wentzcovitch

Download or read book Theoretical and Computational Methods in Mineral Physics written by Renata M. Wentzcovitch and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 71 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry represents an extensive review of the material presented by the invited speakers at a short course on Theoretical and Computational Methods in Mineral Physics held prior (December 10-12, 2009) to the Annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, California. The meeting was held at the Doubletree Hotel & Executive Meeting Center in Berkeley, California. Contents: Density functional theory of electronic structure: a short course for mineralogists and geophysicists The Minnesota density functionals and their applications to problems in mineralogy and geochemistry Density-functional perturbation theory for quasi-harmonic calculations Thermodynamic properties and phase relations in mantle minerals investigated by first principles quasiharmonic theory First principles quasiharmonic thermoelasticity of mantle minerals An overview of quantum Monte Carlo methods Quantum Monte Carlo studies of transition metal oxides Accurate and efficient calculations on strongly correlated minerals with the LDA+U method: review and perspectives Spin-state crossover of iron in lower-mantle minerals: results of DFT+U investigations Simulating diffusion Modeling dislocations and plasticity of deep earth materials Theoretical methods for calculating the lattice thermal conductivity of minerals Evolutionary crystal structure prediction as a method for the discovery of minerals and materials Multi-Mbar phase transitions in minerals Computer simulations on phase transitions in ice Iron at Earth’s core conditions from first principles calculations First-principles molecular dynamics simulations of silicate melts: structural and dynamical properties Lattice dynamics from force-fields as a technique for mineral physics An efficient cluster expansion method for binary solid solutions: application to the halite-silvite, NaCl-KCl, system Large scale simulations Thermodynamics of the Earth’s mantle


Seismology and Structure of the Earth

Seismology and Structure of the Earth

Author: Barbara Romanowicz

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2010-04-20

Total Pages: 873

ISBN-13: 0444535756

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Treatise on Geophysics: Seismology and Structure of the Earth, Volume 1, provides a comprehensive review of the state of knowledge on the Earths structure and earthquakes. It addresses various aspects of structural seismology and its applications to other fields of Earth sciences. The book is organized into four parts. The first part principally covers theoretical developments and seismic data analysis techniques from the end of the nineteenth century until the present, with the main emphasis on the development of instrumentation and its deployment. The second part reviews the status of knowledge on the structure of the Earths shallow layers, starting with a global review of the Earth's crustal structure. The third part focuses on the Earth's deep structure, divided into its main units: the upper mantle, the transition zone and upper-mantle discontinuities, the D region at the base of the mantle, and the Earth's core. The fourth part comprises two chapters which discuss constraints on Earth structure from fields other than seismology: mineral physics and geodynamics. Self-contained volume starts with an overview of the subject then explores each topic with in depth detail Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding Content suited for both the expert and non-expert


Book Synopsis Seismology and Structure of the Earth by : Barbara Romanowicz

Download or read book Seismology and Structure of the Earth written by Barbara Romanowicz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-04-20 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics: Seismology and Structure of the Earth, Volume 1, provides a comprehensive review of the state of knowledge on the Earths structure and earthquakes. It addresses various aspects of structural seismology and its applications to other fields of Earth sciences. The book is organized into four parts. The first part principally covers theoretical developments and seismic data analysis techniques from the end of the nineteenth century until the present, with the main emphasis on the development of instrumentation and its deployment. The second part reviews the status of knowledge on the structure of the Earths shallow layers, starting with a global review of the Earth's crustal structure. The third part focuses on the Earth's deep structure, divided into its main units: the upper mantle, the transition zone and upper-mantle discontinuities, the D region at the base of the mantle, and the Earth's core. The fourth part comprises two chapters which discuss constraints on Earth structure from fields other than seismology: mineral physics and geodynamics. Self-contained volume starts with an overview of the subject then explores each topic with in depth detail Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding Content suited for both the expert and non-expert