Racial Trauma: Clinical Strategies and Techniques for Healing Invisible Wounds

Racial Trauma: Clinical Strategies and Techniques for Healing Invisible Wounds

Author: Kenneth V. Hardy

Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

Published: 2023-02-21

Total Pages: 417

ISBN-13: 1324030445

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An urgent, wide-ranging account of racial trauma and its psychological impact. Racial trauma is an inescapable byproduct of persistent exposure to repressive circumstances that emotionally, psychologically, and physically devastates one’s sense of self while simultaneously depleting one’s strategies for coping. It is a life-altering and debilitating experience that affects countless numbers of people of color over multiple generations. Unfortunately, the failure to consider the interrelationship between racial oppression and trauma limits clinicians’ ability to work effectively with many people of color who live amid sociocultural conditions that are injurious to their psyches and souls. Even when therapy is trauma-informed, it rarely devotes adequate attention to racial oppression and the pervasive trauma associated with it. This groundbreaking book provides a comprehensive overview of the anatomy of racial trauma and the debilitating hidden wounds associated with it. Racially sensitive trauma-informed interventions and strategies that centralize race and racial oppression in every facet of the therapeutic process and relationship are meticulously highlighted, making this a must-read resource for all practicing and aspiring clinicians.


Book Synopsis Racial Trauma: Clinical Strategies and Techniques for Healing Invisible Wounds by : Kenneth V. Hardy

Download or read book Racial Trauma: Clinical Strategies and Techniques for Healing Invisible Wounds written by Kenneth V. Hardy and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2023-02-21 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An urgent, wide-ranging account of racial trauma and its psychological impact. Racial trauma is an inescapable byproduct of persistent exposure to repressive circumstances that emotionally, psychologically, and physically devastates one’s sense of self while simultaneously depleting one’s strategies for coping. It is a life-altering and debilitating experience that affects countless numbers of people of color over multiple generations. Unfortunately, the failure to consider the interrelationship between racial oppression and trauma limits clinicians’ ability to work effectively with many people of color who live amid sociocultural conditions that are injurious to their psyches and souls. Even when therapy is trauma-informed, it rarely devotes adequate attention to racial oppression and the pervasive trauma associated with it. This groundbreaking book provides a comprehensive overview of the anatomy of racial trauma and the debilitating hidden wounds associated with it. Racially sensitive trauma-informed interventions and strategies that centralize race and racial oppression in every facet of the therapeutic process and relationship are meticulously highlighted, making this a must-read resource for all practicing and aspiring clinicians.

The Enduring, Invisible, and Ubiquitous Centrality of Whiteness

The Enduring, Invisible, and Ubiquitous Centrality of Whiteness

Author: Kenneth V. Hardy

Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

Published: 2022-05-17

Total Pages: 615

ISBN-13: 1324016914

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A comprehensive collection on the topic of whiteness from writers in the field of mental health and activism. Whiteness is a pervasive ideology that is rarely overtly identified or examined, despite its profound effects on race relationships. Being intentional about naming, deconstructing, and dismantling whiteness is a precursor to responding effectively to the racial reckoning of our society and improving race relationships, addressing systemic bias, and moving towards the creation of a more racially just world. In this collection of essays, scholars from a variety of backgrounds and trainings explore how the longstanding centering of whiteness in all aspects of society, including clinical therapy spaces, has led to widespread racial injustice. Contributors include: David Trimble, Lane Arye, Jodie Kliman, Ken Epstein, Toby Bobes, Cynthia Chestnut, Ovita F. Williams, Gene E. Cash Jr., Carlin Quinn, Christiana Ibilola Awosan, Niki Berkowitz, Jen Leland, Mary Pender Greene, Hinda Winawer, Bonnie Berman Cushing, Michael Boucher, Robin Schlenger, Alana Tappin, Timothy Baima, Jeffery Mangram, Liang-Ying Chou, Irene In Hee Sung, Ana Hernandez, Robin Nuzum, Keith A. Alford, Hugo Kamya, and Cristina Combs.


Book Synopsis The Enduring, Invisible, and Ubiquitous Centrality of Whiteness by : Kenneth V. Hardy

Download or read book The Enduring, Invisible, and Ubiquitous Centrality of Whiteness written by Kenneth V. Hardy and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive collection on the topic of whiteness from writers in the field of mental health and activism. Whiteness is a pervasive ideology that is rarely overtly identified or examined, despite its profound effects on race relationships. Being intentional about naming, deconstructing, and dismantling whiteness is a precursor to responding effectively to the racial reckoning of our society and improving race relationships, addressing systemic bias, and moving towards the creation of a more racially just world. In this collection of essays, scholars from a variety of backgrounds and trainings explore how the longstanding centering of whiteness in all aspects of society, including clinical therapy spaces, has led to widespread racial injustice. Contributors include: David Trimble, Lane Arye, Jodie Kliman, Ken Epstein, Toby Bobes, Cynthia Chestnut, Ovita F. Williams, Gene E. Cash Jr., Carlin Quinn, Christiana Ibilola Awosan, Niki Berkowitz, Jen Leland, Mary Pender Greene, Hinda Winawer, Bonnie Berman Cushing, Michael Boucher, Robin Schlenger, Alana Tappin, Timothy Baima, Jeffery Mangram, Liang-Ying Chou, Irene In Hee Sung, Ana Hernandez, Robin Nuzum, Keith A. Alford, Hugo Kamya, and Cristina Combs.

The Racial Healing Handbook

The Racial Healing Handbook

Author: Anneliese A. Singh

Publisher: New Harbinger Publications

Published: 2019-08-01

Total Pages: 306

ISBN-13: 1684032725

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A powerful and practical guide to help you navigate racism, challenge privilege, manage stress and trauma, and begin to heal. Healing from racism is a journey that often involves reliving trauma and experiencing feelings of shame, guilt, and anxiety. This journey can be a bumpy ride, and before we begin healing, we need to gain an understanding of the role history plays in racial/ethnic myths and stereotypes. In so many ways, to heal from racism, you must re-educate yourself and unlearn the processes of racism. This book can help guide you. The Racial Healing Handbook offers practical tools to help you navigate daily and past experiences of racism, challenge internalized negative messages and privileges, and handle feelings of stress and shame. You’ll also learn to develop a profound racial consciousness and conscientiousness, and heal from grief and trauma. Most importantly, you’ll discover the building blocks to creating a community of healing in a world still filled with racial microaggressions and discrimination. This book is not just about ending racial harm—it is about racial liberation. This journey is one that we must take together. It promises the possibility of moving through this pain and grief to experience the hope, resilience, and freedom that helps you not only self-actualize, but also makes the world a better place.


Book Synopsis The Racial Healing Handbook by : Anneliese A. Singh

Download or read book The Racial Healing Handbook written by Anneliese A. Singh and published by New Harbinger Publications. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful and practical guide to help you navigate racism, challenge privilege, manage stress and trauma, and begin to heal. Healing from racism is a journey that often involves reliving trauma and experiencing feelings of shame, guilt, and anxiety. This journey can be a bumpy ride, and before we begin healing, we need to gain an understanding of the role history plays in racial/ethnic myths and stereotypes. In so many ways, to heal from racism, you must re-educate yourself and unlearn the processes of racism. This book can help guide you. The Racial Healing Handbook offers practical tools to help you navigate daily and past experiences of racism, challenge internalized negative messages and privileges, and handle feelings of stress and shame. You’ll also learn to develop a profound racial consciousness and conscientiousness, and heal from grief and trauma. Most importantly, you’ll discover the building blocks to creating a community of healing in a world still filled with racial microaggressions and discrimination. This book is not just about ending racial harm—it is about racial liberation. This journey is one that we must take together. It promises the possibility of moving through this pain and grief to experience the hope, resilience, and freedom that helps you not only self-actualize, but also makes the world a better place.

Minorities and Family Therapy

Minorities and Family Therapy

Author: Betty Mackune-Karrer

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-02-25

Total Pages: 252

ISBN-13: 1317711955

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Minorities and Family Therapy highlights the work of experienced, sensitive clinicians who, along with minority families, have found creative solutions to the problems minority families present. Until now, the field of family therapy has paid little attention to the specific clinical needs and strengths of minority families. Without sufficient exploration and training, family therapists risk treating minority families from a narrow, incomplete perspective, filtering out their inner resources, values, legacies, history, and wisdom, and underestimating the influence of the social settings in which they live. This unique and highly valuable book explores how systems-oriented clinicians presently work with ethnic and racial minority families. The chapters cover a wide range of clinical issues including pitfalls of misunderstanding and discrimination, innovative strategies for treating drug abuse and AIDS, and skills needed in caring for particular minority groups, such as Native Americans, blacks, Latinos, and Asian Americans. The authors go beyond simply spelling out cultural similarities and differences. They provide clear, clinical suggestions to be applied in family and community contexts. Not just another book on ethnicity, Minorities and Family Therapy looks at families who, because of their race and cultural background, have had to struggle with racism, discrimination, limited access to health care, economic bankruptcy, and educational barriers. Written for family therapists and health care providers who work with minority families and look for creative alternatives to improve their care, this landmark volume is a celebration of the strengths that minority families demonstrate in coping with long-term adversity.


Book Synopsis Minorities and Family Therapy by : Betty Mackune-Karrer

Download or read book Minorities and Family Therapy written by Betty Mackune-Karrer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Minorities and Family Therapy highlights the work of experienced, sensitive clinicians who, along with minority families, have found creative solutions to the problems minority families present. Until now, the field of family therapy has paid little attention to the specific clinical needs and strengths of minority families. Without sufficient exploration and training, family therapists risk treating minority families from a narrow, incomplete perspective, filtering out their inner resources, values, legacies, history, and wisdom, and underestimating the influence of the social settings in which they live. This unique and highly valuable book explores how systems-oriented clinicians presently work with ethnic and racial minority families. The chapters cover a wide range of clinical issues including pitfalls of misunderstanding and discrimination, innovative strategies for treating drug abuse and AIDS, and skills needed in caring for particular minority groups, such as Native Americans, blacks, Latinos, and Asian Americans. The authors go beyond simply spelling out cultural similarities and differences. They provide clear, clinical suggestions to be applied in family and community contexts. Not just another book on ethnicity, Minorities and Family Therapy looks at families who, because of their race and cultural background, have had to struggle with racism, discrimination, limited access to health care, economic bankruptcy, and educational barriers. Written for family therapists and health care providers who work with minority families and look for creative alternatives to improve their care, this landmark volume is a celebration of the strengths that minority families demonstrate in coping with long-term adversity.

Teens Who Hurt

Teens Who Hurt

Author: Kenneth V. Hardy

Publisher: Guilford Press

Published: 2006-10-23

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 1593854404

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Offering a fresh perspective on treatment, this book presents an overarching framework and numerous specific strategies for working with violent youth and their families. The authors draw on extensive experience to identify four critical factors that push some adolescents to commit harmful, even deadly acts: devaluation, erosion of community, dehumanized loss, and rage. Effective ways to address each of these factors in clinical and school settings are discussed and illustrated with evocative case material. The book also provides essential guidance on connecting with aggressive teeens--many whom have endured traumas of their owen--managing difficult situations that are likely to arise in therapy.


Book Synopsis Teens Who Hurt by : Kenneth V. Hardy

Download or read book Teens Who Hurt written by Kenneth V. Hardy and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2006-10-23 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a fresh perspective on treatment, this book presents an overarching framework and numerous specific strategies for working with violent youth and their families. The authors draw on extensive experience to identify four critical factors that push some adolescents to commit harmful, even deadly acts: devaluation, erosion of community, dehumanized loss, and rage. Effective ways to address each of these factors in clinical and school settings are discussed and illustrated with evocative case material. The book also provides essential guidance on connecting with aggressive teeens--many whom have endured traumas of their owen--managing difficult situations that are likely to arise in therapy.

Culturally Sensitive Supervision and Training

Culturally Sensitive Supervision and Training

Author: Kenneth V. Hardy

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2016-06-10

Total Pages: 162

ISBN-13: 1317299892

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Culturally Sensitive Supervision and Training: Diverse Perspectives and Practical Applications is a comprehensive text that exposes readers to an array of culturally competent approaches to supervision and training. The book consists of contributions from a culturally and professionally diverse group of scholars and clinicians who have been on the frontline of providing culturally competent supervision and training in a variety of settings. Many of the invited contributing authors have developed innovative clinical-teaching strategies for skillfully and effectively incorporating issues of culture into both the classroom and the consulting room. A major portion of the book will provide the reader with an insider’s view of these strategies as well as a plan for implementation, with one chapter devoted to experiential exercises to enhance cultural sensitivity in supervision and training. The text is intended for use in supervision courses, but trainers and supervisors will also find it essential to their work.


Book Synopsis Culturally Sensitive Supervision and Training by : Kenneth V. Hardy

Download or read book Culturally Sensitive Supervision and Training written by Kenneth V. Hardy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Culturally Sensitive Supervision and Training: Diverse Perspectives and Practical Applications is a comprehensive text that exposes readers to an array of culturally competent approaches to supervision and training. The book consists of contributions from a culturally and professionally diverse group of scholars and clinicians who have been on the frontline of providing culturally competent supervision and training in a variety of settings. Many of the invited contributing authors have developed innovative clinical-teaching strategies for skillfully and effectively incorporating issues of culture into both the classroom and the consulting room. A major portion of the book will provide the reader with an insider’s view of these strategies as well as a plan for implementation, with one chapter devoted to experiential exercises to enhance cultural sensitivity in supervision and training. The text is intended for use in supervision courses, but trainers and supervisors will also find it essential to their work.

Healing Racial Trauma

Healing Racial Trauma

Author: Sheila Wise Rowe

Publisher: InterVarsity Press

Published: 2020-01-07

Total Pages: 197

ISBN-13: 0830843876

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2020 Foreword INDIES Book of the Year Award - Multicultural 2021 Christianity Today Book Award - Christian Living/Discipleship Award Publishers Weekly starred review "People of color have endured traumatic histories and almost daily assaults on our dignity. We have prayed about racism, been in denial, or acted out in anger, but we have not known how to individually or collectively pursue healing from the racial trauma." As a child, Sheila Wise Rowe was bused across town to a majority white school, where she experienced the racist lie that one group is superior to all others. This lie continues to be perpetuated today by the action or inaction of the government, media, viral videos, churches, and within families of origin. In contrast, Scripture declares that we are all fearfully and wonderfully made. Rowe, a professional counselor, exposes the symptoms of racial trauma to lead readers to a place of freedom from the past and new life for the future. In each chapter, she includes an interview with a person of color to explore how we experience and resolve racial trauma. With Rowe as a reliable guide who has both been on the journey and shown others the way forward, you will find a safe pathway to resilience.


Book Synopsis Healing Racial Trauma by : Sheila Wise Rowe

Download or read book Healing Racial Trauma written by Sheila Wise Rowe and published by InterVarsity Press. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2020 Foreword INDIES Book of the Year Award - Multicultural 2021 Christianity Today Book Award - Christian Living/Discipleship Award Publishers Weekly starred review "People of color have endured traumatic histories and almost daily assaults on our dignity. We have prayed about racism, been in denial, or acted out in anger, but we have not known how to individually or collectively pursue healing from the racial trauma." As a child, Sheila Wise Rowe was bused across town to a majority white school, where she experienced the racist lie that one group is superior to all others. This lie continues to be perpetuated today by the action or inaction of the government, media, viral videos, churches, and within families of origin. In contrast, Scripture declares that we are all fearfully and wonderfully made. Rowe, a professional counselor, exposes the symptoms of racial trauma to lead readers to a place of freedom from the past and new life for the future. In each chapter, she includes an interview with a person of color to explore how we experience and resolve racial trauma. With Rowe as a reliable guide who has both been on the journey and shown others the way forward, you will find a safe pathway to resilience.

Trauma-Informed Psychotherapy for BIPOC Communities

Trauma-Informed Psychotherapy for BIPOC Communities

Author: Pavna K. Sodhi

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2024-06-14

Total Pages: 223

ISBN-13: 1040022049

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Grounded in trauma-informed approaches, intersectionality theory, and critical race theory, Trauma-Informed Psychotherapy for BIPOC Communities: Decolonizing Mental Health embodies psychotherapeutic practices via anti-racist, anti-oppressive, and culturally responsive paradigms. Complete with practical case studies, psychoeducational frameworks, and the author’s own inclusion and healing therapy (IHT) model, content from this book inspires practitioners to update their therapeutic competencies to effectively support BIPOC clients. This book is an essential read for current and future intersectional psychologists, psychotherapists, social workers, counsellors, lawyers, educators, and healthcare professionals who actively work with BIPOC communities.


Book Synopsis Trauma-Informed Psychotherapy for BIPOC Communities by : Pavna K. Sodhi

Download or read book Trauma-Informed Psychotherapy for BIPOC Communities written by Pavna K. Sodhi and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-14 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grounded in trauma-informed approaches, intersectionality theory, and critical race theory, Trauma-Informed Psychotherapy for BIPOC Communities: Decolonizing Mental Health embodies psychotherapeutic practices via anti-racist, anti-oppressive, and culturally responsive paradigms. Complete with practical case studies, psychoeducational frameworks, and the author’s own inclusion and healing therapy (IHT) model, content from this book inspires practitioners to update their therapeutic competencies to effectively support BIPOC clients. This book is an essential read for current and future intersectional psychologists, psychotherapists, social workers, counsellors, lawyers, educators, and healthcare professionals who actively work with BIPOC communities.

Anti-Racist Psychotherapy: Confronting Systemic Racism and Healing Racial Trauma

Anti-Racist Psychotherapy: Confronting Systemic Racism and Healing Racial Trauma

Author: David Archer

Publisher: Each One Teach One Publications

Published: 2021-02-05

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 9781777450434

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Anti-Racist Psychotherapy: Confronting Systemic Racism and Healing Racial Trauma Transform your understanding of racial trauma. "David Archer shares great insights on race relations, mental health, and how to heal from trauma. Buy this now!" Resmaa Menakem, MSW, LICSW, SEP Author: My Grandmother's Hands: Racialized Trauma and the Pathway to Mending Our Hearts and Bodies "David Archer's book is a welcomed and much-needed guide to an intentionally anti-racist approach to psychotherapy." Mark Nickerson, LICSW Author: Cultural Competence and Healing Culturally Based Trauma with EMDR Therapy: Insights, Strategies and Protocols "David Archer introduces the reader to essential elements of Critical Race Theory, Mindfulness meditation, and EMDR therapy" Andrew M. Leeds, Ph.D. Author: A Guide to the Standard EMDR Therapy Protocols for Clinicians, Supervisors, and Consultants, 2nd Edition "[David] has hit the nail on the head with his ideas on anti-racist psychotherapy, presenting without needless jargon, the tools we need to work effectively in the real world we live in today. Therapists can benefit from his analysis of the literature and his experience as an EMDR therapist himself. Trauma therapists will want to add this book to their resource library now!" Carol Miles, LCSW EMDRIA Past President, EMDR Certified Therapist, EMDRIA Approved Consultant, EMDR Therapy Trainer Anti-Racist Psychotherapy is an approach designed to clarify the mental health effects of racism and provide a neuroscience-informed approach to resolve racial trauma. This book will help you learn a new and unique perspective for conceptualizing racism and recovering from its effects on the nervous system. Using the approaches described in this book will reveal how we can reprocess the pain of our past, inspire hope for the future, and gain a higher level of awareness when discussing the mental health effects of systemic racism. David Archer, MSW, MFT, is an anti-racist psychotherapist from Montreal, Canada (Tiohtià ke). In addition to being trained as a clinical social worker, he is also a registered couple and family therapist. Mr. Archer is an ally of LGBTQ, Black, Indigenous, people of color, and all others who seek justice around the world.


Book Synopsis Anti-Racist Psychotherapy: Confronting Systemic Racism and Healing Racial Trauma by : David Archer

Download or read book Anti-Racist Psychotherapy: Confronting Systemic Racism and Healing Racial Trauma written by David Archer and published by Each One Teach One Publications. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anti-Racist Psychotherapy: Confronting Systemic Racism and Healing Racial Trauma Transform your understanding of racial trauma. "David Archer shares great insights on race relations, mental health, and how to heal from trauma. Buy this now!" Resmaa Menakem, MSW, LICSW, SEP Author: My Grandmother's Hands: Racialized Trauma and the Pathway to Mending Our Hearts and Bodies "David Archer's book is a welcomed and much-needed guide to an intentionally anti-racist approach to psychotherapy." Mark Nickerson, LICSW Author: Cultural Competence and Healing Culturally Based Trauma with EMDR Therapy: Insights, Strategies and Protocols "David Archer introduces the reader to essential elements of Critical Race Theory, Mindfulness meditation, and EMDR therapy" Andrew M. Leeds, Ph.D. Author: A Guide to the Standard EMDR Therapy Protocols for Clinicians, Supervisors, and Consultants, 2nd Edition "[David] has hit the nail on the head with his ideas on anti-racist psychotherapy, presenting without needless jargon, the tools we need to work effectively in the real world we live in today. Therapists can benefit from his analysis of the literature and his experience as an EMDR therapist himself. Trauma therapists will want to add this book to their resource library now!" Carol Miles, LCSW EMDRIA Past President, EMDR Certified Therapist, EMDRIA Approved Consultant, EMDR Therapy Trainer Anti-Racist Psychotherapy is an approach designed to clarify the mental health effects of racism and provide a neuroscience-informed approach to resolve racial trauma. This book will help you learn a new and unique perspective for conceptualizing racism and recovering from its effects on the nervous system. Using the approaches described in this book will reveal how we can reprocess the pain of our past, inspire hope for the future, and gain a higher level of awareness when discussing the mental health effects of systemic racism. David Archer, MSW, MFT, is an anti-racist psychotherapist from Montreal, Canada (Tiohtià ke). In addition to being trained as a clinical social worker, he is also a registered couple and family therapist. Mr. Archer is an ally of LGBTQ, Black, Indigenous, people of color, and all others who seek justice around the world.

Complex and Traumatic Loss

Complex and Traumatic Loss

Author: Froma Walsh

Publisher: Guilford Publications

Published: 2023-08-09

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 1462553028

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In this needed practice and training guide for all mental health professionals, Froma Walsh presents a research-informed, resilience-oriented approach to help individuals, couples, and families who experience profound loss. Walsh guides therapists to understand and address the impact of complicated and traumatic deaths in relational systems and social contexts. She provides core principles and illustrative examples to foster healing and adaptation; help clients mobilize vital social, cultural, and spiritual resources; and find pathways forward to live and love beyond loss. Essential topics include death of a spouse, parent, child, or sibling; ambiguous and disenfranchised losses; death by violence, suicide, or overdose; collective trauma; and reverberations of past loss in life pursuits, other relationships, and across generations.


Book Synopsis Complex and Traumatic Loss by : Froma Walsh

Download or read book Complex and Traumatic Loss written by Froma Walsh and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2023-08-09 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this needed practice and training guide for all mental health professionals, Froma Walsh presents a research-informed, resilience-oriented approach to help individuals, couples, and families who experience profound loss. Walsh guides therapists to understand and address the impact of complicated and traumatic deaths in relational systems and social contexts. She provides core principles and illustrative examples to foster healing and adaptation; help clients mobilize vital social, cultural, and spiritual resources; and find pathways forward to live and love beyond loss. Essential topics include death of a spouse, parent, child, or sibling; ambiguous and disenfranchised losses; death by violence, suicide, or overdose; collective trauma; and reverberations of past loss in life pursuits, other relationships, and across generations.