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Radioactive Waste Disposal and Geology

Author: Konrad Krauskopf

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-07

Total Pages: 157

ISBN-13: 9400912013

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The perception of radioactive waste as a major problem for the industrial world has developed only recently. Four decades ago the disposal of such waste was regarded as a relatively minor matter. Those were the heady days when nuclear fission seemed the answer to the world's energy needs: the two wartime bombs had demonstrated its awesome power, and now it was to be harnessed for the production of electricity, the excavation of canals, even the running of cars and airplanes. In all applications of fission some waste containing radioactive elements would be generated of course, but it seemed only a trivial annoyance, a problem whose solution could be deferred until the more exciting challenges of constructing reactors and devising more efficient weapons had been mastered. So waste accumulated, some in tanks and some buried in shallow trenches. These were recognized as only temporary, makeshift measures, because it was known that the debris would be hazardous to its surroundings for many thousands of years and hence that more permanent disposal would someday be needed. The difficulty of accomplishing this more lasting disposal only gradually became apparent. The difficulty has been compounded by uncertainty about the physiological effects oflow-Ievel radiation, by the inadequacy of detailed knowledge about the behavior of engineered and geologic materials over long periods under unusual conditions, and by the sensitization of popular fears about radiation in all its forms following widely publicized reactor accidents and leaks from waste storage sites.

Book Synopsis Radioactive Waste Disposal and Geology by : Konrad Krauskopf

Download or read book Radioactive Waste Disposal and Geology written by Konrad Krauskopf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The perception of radioactive waste as a major problem for the industrial world has developed only recently. Four decades ago the disposal of such waste was regarded as a relatively minor matter. Those were the heady days when nuclear fission seemed the answer to the world's energy needs: the two wartime bombs had demonstrated its awesome power, and now it was to be harnessed for the production of electricity, the excavation of canals, even the running of cars and airplanes. In all applications of fission some waste containing radioactive elements would be generated of course, but it seemed only a trivial annoyance, a problem whose solution could be deferred until the more exciting challenges of constructing reactors and devising more efficient weapons had been mastered. So waste accumulated, some in tanks and some buried in shallow trenches. These were recognized as only temporary, makeshift measures, because it was known that the debris would be hazardous to its surroundings for many thousands of years and hence that more permanent disposal would someday be needed. The difficulty of accomplishing this more lasting disposal only gradually became apparent. The difficulty has been compounded by uncertainty about the physiological effects oflow-Ievel radiation, by the inadequacy of detailed knowledge about the behavior of engineered and geologic materials over long periods under unusual conditions, and by the sensitization of popular fears about radiation in all its forms following widely publicized reactor accidents and leaks from waste storage sites.

Radioactive Waste Disposal and Geology

Author: Konrad Krauskopf

Publisher: Springer

Published: 1988-06-02

Total Pages: 146

ISBN-13: 9780412286308

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Book Synopsis Radioactive Waste Disposal and Geology by : Konrad Krauskopf

Download or read book Radioactive Waste Disposal and Geology written by Konrad Krauskopf and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988-06-02 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The perception of radioactive waste as a major problem for the industrial world has developed only recently. Four decades ago the disposal of such waste was regarded as a relatively minor matter. Those were the heady days when nuclear fission seemed the answer to the world's energy needs: the two wartime bombs had demonstrated its awesome power, and now it was to be harnessed for the production of electricity, the excavation of canals, even the running of cars and airplanes. In all applications of fission some waste containing radioactive elements would be generated of course, but it seemed only a trivial annoyance, a problem whose solution could be deferred until the more exciting challenges of constructing reactors and devising more efficient weapons had been mastered. So waste accumulated, some in tanks and some buried in shallow trenches. These were recognized as only temporary, makeshift measures, because it was known that the debris would be hazardous to its surroundings for many thousands of years and hence that more permanent disposal would someday be needed. The difficulty of accomplishing this more lasting disposal only gradually became apparent. The difficulty has been compounded by uncertainty about the physiological effects oflow-Ievel radiation, by the inadequacy of detailed knowledge about the behavior of engineered and geologic materials over long periods under unusual conditions, and by the sensitization of popular fears about radiation in all its forms following widely publicized reactor accidents and leaks from waste storage sites.

Geology of High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal

Author: I.S. Roxburgh

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 254

ISBN-13: 940092609X

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Book Synopsis Geology of High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal by : I.S. Roxburgh

Download or read book Geology of High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal written by I.S. Roxburgh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Disposition of High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2001-07-05

Total Pages: 215

ISBN-13: 0309073170

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Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.

Book Synopsis Disposition of High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel by : National Research Council

Download or read book Disposition of High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-05 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.

Geologic Disposal of Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste

Author: Roland Pusch

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2017-04-07

Total Pages: 380

ISBN-13: 1351795082

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This book will address concepts and techniques for preparation and disposal of low- (LLW) and intermediate-level (ILW) radioactive waste from the nuclear industry, the weapons industry, university labs, research institutes, and from the commercial industry. It will aid decision-makers in finding optimal technical/economical solutions, including how site investigations, design, construction, identification and selection of construction materials (clay and concrete), and monitoring can be made. It will also examine techniques for isolating soil and rock contaminated by leaking nuclear plants and from damaged nuclear reactors such as those at the Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear plants.

Book Synopsis Geologic Disposal of Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste by : Roland Pusch

Download or read book Geologic Disposal of Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste written by Roland Pusch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-04-07 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will address concepts and techniques for preparation and disposal of low- (LLW) and intermediate-level (ILW) radioactive waste from the nuclear industry, the weapons industry, university labs, research institutes, and from the commercial industry. It will aid decision-makers in finding optimal technical/economical solutions, including how site investigations, design, construction, identification and selection of construction materials (clay and concrete), and monitoring can be made. It will also examine techniques for isolating soil and rock contaminated by leaking nuclear plants and from damaged nuclear reactors such as those at the Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear plants.

Disposition of High-Level Radioactive Waste Through Geological Isolation

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1999-11-07

Total Pages: 42

ISBN-13: 0309067782

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During the next several years, decisions are expected to be made in several countries on the further development and implementation of the geological disposition option. The Board on Radioactive Waste Management (BRWM) of the U.S. National Academies believes that informed and reasoned discussion of relevant scientific, engineering and social issues can-and should-play a constructive role in the decision process by providing information to decision makers on relevant technical and policy issues. A BRWM-initiated project including a workshop at Irvine, California on November 4-5, 1999, and subsequent National Academies' report to be published in spring, 2000, are intended to provide such information to national policy makers both in the U.S. and abroad. To inform national policies, it is essential that experts from the physical, geological, and engineering sciences, and experts from the policy and social science communities work together. Some national programs have involved social science and policy experts from the beginning, while other programs have only recently recognized the importance of this collaboration. An important goal of the November workshop is to facilitate dialogue between these communities, as well as to encourage the sharing of experiences from many national programs. The workshop steering committee has prepared this discussion for participants at the workshop. It should elicit critical comments and help identify topics requiring in-depth discussion at the workshop. It is not intended as a statement of findings, conclusions, or recommendations. It is rather intended as a vehicle for stimulating dialogue among the workshop participants. Out of that dialogue will emerge the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the National Academies' report.

Book Synopsis Disposition of High-Level Radioactive Waste Through Geological Isolation by : National Research Council

Download or read book Disposition of High-Level Radioactive Waste Through Geological Isolation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-07 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the next several years, decisions are expected to be made in several countries on the further development and implementation of the geological disposition option. The Board on Radioactive Waste Management (BRWM) of the U.S. National Academies believes that informed and reasoned discussion of relevant scientific, engineering and social issues can-and should-play a constructive role in the decision process by providing information to decision makers on relevant technical and policy issues. A BRWM-initiated project including a workshop at Irvine, California on November 4-5, 1999, and subsequent National Academies' report to be published in spring, 2000, are intended to provide such information to national policy makers both in the U.S. and abroad. To inform national policies, it is essential that experts from the physical, geological, and engineering sciences, and experts from the policy and social science communities work together. Some national programs have involved social science and policy experts from the beginning, while other programs have only recently recognized the importance of this collaboration. An important goal of the November workshop is to facilitate dialogue between these communities, as well as to encourage the sharing of experiences from many national programs. The workshop steering committee has prepared this discussion for participants at the workshop. It should elicit critical comments and help identify topics requiring in-depth discussion at the workshop. It is not intended as a statement of findings, conclusions, or recommendations. It is rather intended as a vehicle for stimulating dialogue among the workshop participants. Out of that dialogue will emerge the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the National Academies' report.

Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes and Natural Analogues

Author: W. Miller

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2000-11-09

Total Pages: 329

ISBN-13: 0080532454

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Many countries are currently exploring the option to dispose of highly radioactive solid wastes deep underground in purpose built, engineered repositories. A number of surface and shallow repositories for less radioactive wastes are already in operation. One of the challenges facing the nuclear industry is to demonstrate confidently that a repository will contain wastes for so long that any releases that might take place in the future will pose no significant health or environmental risk. One method for building confidence in the long-term future safety of a repository is to look at the physical and chemical processes which operate in natural and archaeological systems, and to draw appropriate parallels with the repository. For example, to understand why some uranium orebodies have remained isolated underground for billions of years. Such studies are called 'natural analogues'. This book investigates the concept of geological disposal and examines the wide range of natural analogues which have been studied. Lessons learnt from studies of archaeological and natural systems can be used to improve our capabilities for assessing the future safety of a radioactive waste repository.

Book Synopsis Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes and Natural Analogues by : W. Miller

Download or read book Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes and Natural Analogues written by W. Miller and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-11-09 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many countries are currently exploring the option to dispose of highly radioactive solid wastes deep underground in purpose built, engineered repositories. A number of surface and shallow repositories for less radioactive wastes are already in operation. One of the challenges facing the nuclear industry is to demonstrate confidently that a repository will contain wastes for so long that any releases that might take place in the future will pose no significant health or environmental risk. One method for building confidence in the long-term future safety of a repository is to look at the physical and chemical processes which operate in natural and archaeological systems, and to draw appropriate parallels with the repository. For example, to understand why some uranium orebodies have remained isolated underground for billions of years. Such studies are called 'natural analogues'. This book investigates the concept of geological disposal and examines the wide range of natural analogues which have been studied. Lessons learnt from studies of archaeological and natural systems can be used to improve our capabilities for assessing the future safety of a radioactive waste repository.

Predictive Geology

Author: Ghislain De Marsily

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2013-10-22

Total Pages: 223

ISBN-13: 1483165477

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Predictive Geology: With Emphasis on Nuclear-Waste Disposal covers the proceedings of papers presented at sessions sponsored by the International Association for Mathematical Geology. The topics that this book tackles are issues relevant to nuclear-waste disposal. The first chapter discusses the use of plate tectonics as a catastrophe theoretic model, and the second chapter covers geologic predictions and radioactive waste disposal. Chapter 3 also talks about radioactive waste disposal, with emphasis on the application of predictive geology. Chapter 4 discusses salt domes and Chapter 5 tackles the use of fault-tree analysis for probabilistic assessment of radioactive-waste segregation. The sixth chapter covers predictive geology in nuclear-waste management, while the seventh chapter tackles nuclear power on unstable ground. The eighth chapter deals with long-term thermohydrologic behavior of nuclear-waste repositories. Chapter 9 discusses the influence of faulting on groundwater flow and contaminant transport, while chapter 10 covers the influence of microfissures in crystalline rock on radionuclide migration. The eleventh chapter tackles the long-term prediction of the fate of nuclear waste deeply buried in granite, and the twelfth chapter talks about the use of quantitative evaluation of the contribution of geologic knowledge in exploration for petroleum. The last chapter deals with resource-estimation models and predicted discovery. Researchers and professionals concerned with the effects of radioactive materials to the environment will find this book a great source of information.

Book Synopsis Predictive Geology by : Ghislain De Marsily

Download or read book Predictive Geology written by Ghislain De Marsily and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predictive Geology: With Emphasis on Nuclear-Waste Disposal covers the proceedings of papers presented at sessions sponsored by the International Association for Mathematical Geology. The topics that this book tackles are issues relevant to nuclear-waste disposal. The first chapter discusses the use of plate tectonics as a catastrophe theoretic model, and the second chapter covers geologic predictions and radioactive waste disposal. Chapter 3 also talks about radioactive waste disposal, with emphasis on the application of predictive geology. Chapter 4 discusses salt domes and Chapter 5 tackles the use of fault-tree analysis for probabilistic assessment of radioactive-waste segregation. The sixth chapter covers predictive geology in nuclear-waste management, while the seventh chapter tackles nuclear power on unstable ground. The eighth chapter deals with long-term thermohydrologic behavior of nuclear-waste repositories. Chapter 9 discusses the influence of faulting on groundwater flow and contaminant transport, while chapter 10 covers the influence of microfissures in crystalline rock on radionuclide migration. The eleventh chapter tackles the long-term prediction of the fate of nuclear waste deeply buried in granite, and the twelfth chapter talks about the use of quantitative evaluation of the contribution of geologic knowledge in exploration for petroleum. The last chapter deals with resource-estimation models and predicted discovery. Researchers and professionals concerned with the effects of radioactive materials to the environment will find this book a great source of information.

Geochemical Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal

Author: D. G. Brookins

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 349

ISBN-13: 1461382548

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There is an extremely voluminous literature on radioactive waste and its disposal, much in the form of government-sponsored research reports. To wade through this mountain of literature is indeed a tedious task, and it is safe to speculate that very few, if any, individuals have the time to examine each report that has been issued during the preceding ten years. This book attempts to summarize much of this literature. Further, many workers in the geosciences have not received training in the nuclear sciences, and many nuclear scientists could be better versed in geology. In this book an attempt is made to cover some background material on radioactive wastes and geotoxicity that may not be an integral part of a geologist's training, and background material on geology and geochemistry for the nuclear scientist. The geochemical material is designed for both the geoscientist and the nuclear scientist. There is no specific level for this book. Certainly, it should be useful to advanced undergraduates and graduates studying geology and nuclear science. It does not pretend to cover a tremendous amount of detail in all subjects, yet the references cited provide the necessary source materials for follow-up study. It is my intention that the reader of this book will have a better, broader understanding of the geochemical aspects of radioactive waste disposal than is otherwise available in anyone source.

Book Synopsis Geochemical Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal by : D. G. Brookins

Download or read book Geochemical Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal written by D. G. Brookins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an extremely voluminous literature on radioactive waste and its disposal, much in the form of government-sponsored research reports. To wade through this mountain of literature is indeed a tedious task, and it is safe to speculate that very few, if any, individuals have the time to examine each report that has been issued during the preceding ten years. This book attempts to summarize much of this literature. Further, many workers in the geosciences have not received training in the nuclear sciences, and many nuclear scientists could be better versed in geology. In this book an attempt is made to cover some background material on radioactive wastes and geotoxicity that may not be an integral part of a geologist's training, and background material on geology and geochemistry for the nuclear scientist. The geochemical material is designed for both the geoscientist and the nuclear scientist. There is no specific level for this book. Certainly, it should be useful to advanced undergraduates and graduates studying geology and nuclear science. It does not pretend to cover a tremendous amount of detail in all subjects, yet the references cited provide the necessary source materials for follow-up study. It is my intention that the reader of this book will have a better, broader understanding of the geochemical aspects of radioactive waste disposal than is otherwise available in anyone source.

Radioactive Waste Management In The 21st Century

Author: William R Roy

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2021-06-10

Total Pages: 321

ISBN-13: 9811228310

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The safe management of radioactive wastes is of paramount importance in gaining both governmental and societal support for nuclear energy. The scope of this new textbook is to provide a comprehensive perspective on all types of radioactive wastes as to how they are created, classified, characterized, and disposed.Written to emphasize how geology and radionuclide chemistry impact waste management, this book is primarily designed for engineers who have little background in geology with low-level wastes, decommissioning wastes, high-level wastes and spent nuclear fuel.This textbook provides the most up-to-date information available on waste management in several countries. The content of this work includes transporting radioactive materials to disposal facilities. The textbook cites numerous case studies to illustrate past practices, current methodologies and to provide insights on how radioactive wastes may be managed in the future. An international perspective on waste management is also provided to help the readers better understand the diversity in approaches while highlighting what many countries have in common. Review questions for classroom use are provided at the end of each chapter.Related Link(s)

Book Synopsis Radioactive Waste Management In The 21st Century by : William R Roy

Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management In The 21st Century written by William R Roy and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safe management of radioactive wastes is of paramount importance in gaining both governmental and societal support for nuclear energy. The scope of this new textbook is to provide a comprehensive perspective on all types of radioactive wastes as to how they are created, classified, characterized, and disposed.Written to emphasize how geology and radionuclide chemistry impact waste management, this book is primarily designed for engineers who have little background in geology with low-level wastes, decommissioning wastes, high-level wastes and spent nuclear fuel.This textbook provides the most up-to-date information available on waste management in several countries. The content of this work includes transporting radioactive materials to disposal facilities. The textbook cites numerous case studies to illustrate past practices, current methodologies and to provide insights on how radioactive wastes may be managed in the future. An international perspective on waste management is also provided to help the readers better understand the diversity in approaches while highlighting what many countries have in common. Review questions for classroom use are provided at the end of each chapter.Related Link(s)