Research Methods for Interior Design

Research Methods for Interior Design

Author: Dana E. Vaux

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-08-05

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13: 0429639414

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Interior design has shifted significantly in the past fifty years from a focus on home decoration within family and consumer sciences to a focus on the impact of health and safety within the interior environment. This shift has called for a deeper focus in evidence-based research for interior design education and practice. Research Methods for Interior Design provides a broad range of qualitative and quantitative examples, each highlighted as a case of interior design research. Each chapter is supplemented with an in-depth introduction, additional questions, suggested exercises, and additional research references. The book’s subtitle, Applying Interiority, identifies one reason why the field of interior design is expanding, namely, all people wish to achieve a subjective sense of well-being within built environments, even when those environments are not defined by walls. The chapters of this book exemplify different ways to comprehend interiority through clearly defined research methodologies. This book is a significant resource for interior design students, educators, and researchers in providing them with an expanded vision of what interior design research can encompass.


Book Synopsis Research Methods for Interior Design by : Dana E. Vaux

Download or read book Research Methods for Interior Design written by Dana E. Vaux and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-08-05 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interior design has shifted significantly in the past fifty years from a focus on home decoration within family and consumer sciences to a focus on the impact of health and safety within the interior environment. This shift has called for a deeper focus in evidence-based research for interior design education and practice. Research Methods for Interior Design provides a broad range of qualitative and quantitative examples, each highlighted as a case of interior design research. Each chapter is supplemented with an in-depth introduction, additional questions, suggested exercises, and additional research references. The book’s subtitle, Applying Interiority, identifies one reason why the field of interior design is expanding, namely, all people wish to achieve a subjective sense of well-being within built environments, even when those environments are not defined by walls. The chapters of this book exemplify different ways to comprehend interiority through clearly defined research methodologies. This book is a significant resource for interior design students, educators, and researchers in providing them with an expanded vision of what interior design research can encompass.


Handbook of Research on Methodologies for Design and Production Practices in Interior Architecture

Handbook of Research on Methodologies for Design and Production Practices in Interior Architecture

Author: Garip, Ervin

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2020-11-20

Total Pages: 534

ISBN-13: 1799872564

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Studio environments can be defined as multi-dimensional integrated production spaces where basic design trainings take place and where design issues including theoretical notions such as sociological, political, phenomenological, and other dimensions are discussed. Present approaches within the literature and social media on this topic gives cause for students to evaluate their future professions over finished and pictorial products rather than ontological and processual means. While there are many resources available on the present approaches of aesthetics and visuality of interior spaces, there is not much research available on new design methodologies, related design processes, and new applied methods in interior arcitecture. Based on different contexts, these methods of design practice have the potential to enrich design processes and create multiple discussion platforms within project studios as well as other design media. These different representations and narration methods for research in the context of interior architecture can be effectively used in design processes. The Handbook of Research on Methodologies for Design and Production Practices in Interior Architecture proposes new design methodologies and related design processes and introduces new applied method approaches while presenting alternative methods that have been used within design studios in the field of interior architecture. The chapters deal with four major sections: the design process and interdiciplinary approaches; then scenario development and content; followed by material, texture, and atmosphere; and concluding with new approaches to design. While highlighting topics such as spatial perception, design strategies, architectural atmosphere, and design-thinking, this book is of interest to architects, interior designers, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students looking for advanced research on the new design metholodologies and processes for interior architecture.


Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Methodologies for Design and Production Practices in Interior Architecture by : Garip, Ervin

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Methodologies for Design and Production Practices in Interior Architecture written by Garip, Ervin and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studio environments can be defined as multi-dimensional integrated production spaces where basic design trainings take place and where design issues including theoretical notions such as sociological, political, phenomenological, and other dimensions are discussed. Present approaches within the literature and social media on this topic gives cause for students to evaluate their future professions over finished and pictorial products rather than ontological and processual means. While there are many resources available on the present approaches of aesthetics and visuality of interior spaces, there is not much research available on new design methodologies, related design processes, and new applied methods in interior arcitecture. Based on different contexts, these methods of design practice have the potential to enrich design processes and create multiple discussion platforms within project studios as well as other design media. These different representations and narration methods for research in the context of interior architecture can be effectively used in design processes. The Handbook of Research on Methodologies for Design and Production Practices in Interior Architecture proposes new design methodologies and related design processes and introduces new applied method approaches while presenting alternative methods that have been used within design studios in the field of interior architecture. The chapters deal with four major sections: the design process and interdiciplinary approaches; then scenario development and content; followed by material, texture, and atmosphere; and concluding with new approaches to design. While highlighting topics such as spatial perception, design strategies, architectural atmosphere, and design-thinking, this book is of interest to architects, interior designers, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students looking for advanced research on the new design metholodologies and processes for interior architecture.


Interior Design Research Methods

Interior Design Research Methods

Author: Lily B. Robinson

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA

Published: 2023-01-12

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 1501327801

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Interior Design Research Methods gives you the tools and skills needed to do research and analysis for human­-centered interior design projects. The text develops your analytical skills and helps you transform scientific models into unique and innovative processes for design projects. You'll integrate information about external and internal influences on the research process, develop a research question and thesis, design a system of inquiry, and analyze, interpret, and present data. Updated case studies cover topics such as gender, design for vulnerable populations, and ethical considerations. Instructor's Guide includes test banks, sample syllabus, and supplemental assignments


Book Synopsis Interior Design Research Methods by : Lily B. Robinson

Download or read book Interior Design Research Methods written by Lily B. Robinson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2023-01-12 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interior Design Research Methods gives you the tools and skills needed to do research and analysis for human­-centered interior design projects. The text develops your analytical skills and helps you transform scientific models into unique and innovative processes for design projects. You'll integrate information about external and internal influences on the research process, develop a research question and thesis, design a system of inquiry, and analyze, interpret, and present data. Updated case studies cover topics such as gender, design for vulnerable populations, and ethical considerations. Instructor's Guide includes test banks, sample syllabus, and supplemental assignments


Universal Methods of Design

Universal Methods of Design

Author: Bella Martin

Publisher:

Published: 2012-02

Total Pages: 210

ISBN-13: 1592537561

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"Universal Methods of Design is an immensely useful survey of research and design methods used by today's top practitioners, and will serve as a crucial reference for any designer grappling with really big problems. This book has a place on every designer's bookshelf, including yours!" —David Sherwin, Principal Designer at frog and author of Creative Workshop: 80 Challenges to Sharpen Your Design Skills "Universal Methods of Design is a landmark method book for the field of design. This tidy text compiles and summarizes 100 of the most widely applicable and effective methods of design—research, analysis, and ideation—the methods that every graduate of a design program should know, and every professional designer should employ. Methods are concisely presented, accompanied by information about the origin of the technique, key research supporting the method, and visual examples. Want to know about Card Sorting, or the Elito Method? What about Think-Aloud Protocols? This book has them all and more in readily digestible form. The authors have taken away our excuse for not using the right method for the job, and in so doing have elevated its readers and the field of design. UMOD is an essential resource for designers of all levels and specializations, and should be one of the go-to reference tools found in every designer’s toolbox." —William Lidwell, author of Universal Principles of Design, Lecturer of Industrial Design, University of Houston This comprehensive reference provides a thorough and critical presentation of 100 research methods, synthesis/analysis techniques, and research deliverables for human centered design, delivered in a concise and accessible format perfect for designers, educators, and students. Whether research is already an integral part of a practice or curriculum, or whether it has been unfortunately avoided due to perceived limitations of time, knowledge, or resources, Universal Methods of Design serves as an invaluable compendium of methods that can be easily referenced and utilized by cross-disciplinary teams in nearly any design project. This essential guide: - Dismantles the myth that user research methods are complicated, expensive, and time-consuming - Creates a shared meaning for cross-disciplinary design teams - Illustrates methods with compelling visualizations and case studies - Characterizes each method at a glance - Indicates when methods are best employed to help prioritize appropriate design research strategies Universal Methods of Design distills each method down to its most powerful essence, in a format that will help design teams select and implement the most credible research methods best suited to their design culture within the constraints of their projects.


Book Synopsis Universal Methods of Design by : Bella Martin

Download or read book Universal Methods of Design written by Bella Martin and published by . This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Universal Methods of Design is an immensely useful survey of research and design methods used by today's top practitioners, and will serve as a crucial reference for any designer grappling with really big problems. This book has a place on every designer's bookshelf, including yours!" —David Sherwin, Principal Designer at frog and author of Creative Workshop: 80 Challenges to Sharpen Your Design Skills "Universal Methods of Design is a landmark method book for the field of design. This tidy text compiles and summarizes 100 of the most widely applicable and effective methods of design—research, analysis, and ideation—the methods that every graduate of a design program should know, and every professional designer should employ. Methods are concisely presented, accompanied by information about the origin of the technique, key research supporting the method, and visual examples. Want to know about Card Sorting, or the Elito Method? What about Think-Aloud Protocols? This book has them all and more in readily digestible form. The authors have taken away our excuse for not using the right method for the job, and in so doing have elevated its readers and the field of design. UMOD is an essential resource for designers of all levels and specializations, and should be one of the go-to reference tools found in every designer’s toolbox." —William Lidwell, author of Universal Principles of Design, Lecturer of Industrial Design, University of Houston This comprehensive reference provides a thorough and critical presentation of 100 research methods, synthesis/analysis techniques, and research deliverables for human centered design, delivered in a concise and accessible format perfect for designers, educators, and students. Whether research is already an integral part of a practice or curriculum, or whether it has been unfortunately avoided due to perceived limitations of time, knowledge, or resources, Universal Methods of Design serves as an invaluable compendium of methods that can be easily referenced and utilized by cross-disciplinary teams in nearly any design project. This essential guide: - Dismantles the myth that user research methods are complicated, expensive, and time-consuming - Creates a shared meaning for cross-disciplinary design teams - Illustrates methods with compelling visualizations and case studies - Characterizes each method at a glance - Indicates when methods are best employed to help prioritize appropriate design research strategies Universal Methods of Design distills each method down to its most powerful essence, in a format that will help design teams select and implement the most credible research methods best suited to their design culture within the constraints of their projects.


Architectural Research Methods

Architectural Research Methods

Author: Linda N. Groat

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-04-03

Total Pages: 480

ISBN-13: 1118418514

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A practical guide to research for architects and designers—now updated and expanded! From searching for the best glass to prevent glare to determining how clients might react to the color choice for restaurant walls, research is a crucial tool that architects must master in order to effectively address the technical, aesthetic, and behavioral issues that arise in their work. This book's unique coverage of research methods is specifically targeted to help professional designers and researchers better conduct and understand research. Part I explores basic research issues and concepts, and includes chapters on relating theory to method and design to research. Part II gives a comprehensive treatment of specific strategies for investigating built forms. In all, the book covers seven types of research, including historical, qualitative, correlational, experimental, simulation, logical argumentation, and case studies and mixed methods. Features new to this edition include: Strategies for investigation, practical examples, and resources for additional information A look at current trends and innovations in research Coverage of design studio–based research that shows how strategies described in the book can be employed in real life A discussion of digital media and online research New and updated examples of research studies A new chapter on the relationship between design and research Architectural Research Methods is an essential reference for architecture students and researchers as well as architects, interior designers, landscape architects, and building product manufacturers.


Book Synopsis Architectural Research Methods by : Linda N. Groat

Download or read book Architectural Research Methods written by Linda N. Groat and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide to research for architects and designers—now updated and expanded! From searching for the best glass to prevent glare to determining how clients might react to the color choice for restaurant walls, research is a crucial tool that architects must master in order to effectively address the technical, aesthetic, and behavioral issues that arise in their work. This book's unique coverage of research methods is specifically targeted to help professional designers and researchers better conduct and understand research. Part I explores basic research issues and concepts, and includes chapters on relating theory to method and design to research. Part II gives a comprehensive treatment of specific strategies for investigating built forms. In all, the book covers seven types of research, including historical, qualitative, correlational, experimental, simulation, logical argumentation, and case studies and mixed methods. Features new to this edition include: Strategies for investigation, practical examples, and resources for additional information A look at current trends and innovations in research Coverage of design studio–based research that shows how strategies described in the book can be employed in real life A discussion of digital media and online research New and updated examples of research studies A new chapter on the relationship between design and research Architectural Research Methods is an essential reference for architecture students and researchers as well as architects, interior designers, landscape architects, and building product manufacturers.


Programming and Research

Programming and Research

Author: Rose Mary Botti-Salitsky

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA

Published: 2017-03-09

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 1628929553

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Programming and Research: Skills and Techniques for Interior Designers, Second Edition, provides a step-by-step approach to mastering the process of documenting client and user requirements for any design project. Replete with examples and analyses of student and professional work, this book guides its readers through the creation of their own program documents. Both the National Council for Interior Design Qualification (NCIDQ) and the Council for Interior Design Accreditation (CIDA) consider programming a required core of knowledge. Programming and Research focuses on how the study of programming for interior designers prepares students for and advances them into the professional realm. Features -More than 100 images, including student work, help illustrate and explain the programming process -Appendices include actual programming documents used by successful interior design firms, a residential questionnaire, and a list of helpful resources -Key terms are highlighted in the text and defined in a comprehensive glossary New to this Edition -Updated with new coverage on evidence-based design, integrated project delivery (IPD), building information modeling (BIM), design across disciplines, LEED programming, designing on a budget, and time management -New examples and case studies throughout cover new technological tools being employed in the industry to collect data -More intuitive integration of art and graphics to explanations in the text Teaching Resources -Instructor's Guide provides suggestions for planning the course and using the text in the classroom, supplemental assignments, lecture notes, and sample test questions -PowerPoint® presentations include images from the book and provide a framework for lecture and discussion


Book Synopsis Programming and Research by : Rose Mary Botti-Salitsky

Download or read book Programming and Research written by Rose Mary Botti-Salitsky and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2017-03-09 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Programming and Research: Skills and Techniques for Interior Designers, Second Edition, provides a step-by-step approach to mastering the process of documenting client and user requirements for any design project. Replete with examples and analyses of student and professional work, this book guides its readers through the creation of their own program documents. Both the National Council for Interior Design Qualification (NCIDQ) and the Council for Interior Design Accreditation (CIDA) consider programming a required core of knowledge. Programming and Research focuses on how the study of programming for interior designers prepares students for and advances them into the professional realm. Features -More than 100 images, including student work, help illustrate and explain the programming process -Appendices include actual programming documents used by successful interior design firms, a residential questionnaire, and a list of helpful resources -Key terms are highlighted in the text and defined in a comprehensive glossary New to this Edition -Updated with new coverage on evidence-based design, integrated project delivery (IPD), building information modeling (BIM), design across disciplines, LEED programming, designing on a budget, and time management -New examples and case studies throughout cover new technological tools being employed in the industry to collect data -More intuitive integration of art and graphics to explanations in the text Teaching Resources -Instructor's Guide provides suggestions for planning the course and using the text in the classroom, supplemental assignments, lecture notes, and sample test questions -PowerPoint® presentations include images from the book and provide a framework for lecture and discussion


Interior Design Research Methods

Interior Design Research Methods

Author: Lily B. Robinson

Publisher:

Published: 2023

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781501327810

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Interior Design Research Methods gives you the tools and skills needed to do research and analysis for human-centered interior design projects. The text develops your analytical skills and helps you transform scientific models into unique and innovative processes for design projects. You'll integrate information about external and internal influences on the research process, develop a research question and thesis, design a system of inquiry, and analyze, interpret, and present data. Updated case studies cover topics such as gender, design for vulnerable populations, and ethical considerations. Instructor's Guide includes test banks, sample syllabus, and supplemental assignments.


Book Synopsis Interior Design Research Methods by : Lily B. Robinson

Download or read book Interior Design Research Methods written by Lily B. Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interior Design Research Methods gives you the tools and skills needed to do research and analysis for human-centered interior design projects. The text develops your analytical skills and helps you transform scientific models into unique and innovative processes for design projects. You'll integrate information about external and internal influences on the research process, develop a research question and thesis, design a system of inquiry, and analyze, interpret, and present data. Updated case studies cover topics such as gender, design for vulnerable populations, and ethical considerations. Instructor's Guide includes test banks, sample syllabus, and supplemental assignments.


Visual Research Methods in Architecture

Visual Research Methods in Architecture

Author: Igea Troiani

Publisher: Intellect (UK)

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781789381863

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This book offers a distinctive approach to the use of visual methodologies for qualitative architectural research. It presents a diverse selection of ways for the architect or architectural researcher to use their gaze as part of their research practice for the purpose of visual literacy. Its contributors explore and use 'critical visualizations', which employ observation and sociocultural critique through visual creations - texts, drawings, diagrams, paintings, visual texts, photography, film and their hybrid forms - in order to research architecture, landscape design and interior architecture. The visual methods intersect with those used in ethnography, anthropology, visual culture and media studies. In presenting a range of interdisciplinary approaches, Visual Methodologies in Architectural Research opens up territory for new forms of visual architectural scholarship


Book Synopsis Visual Research Methods in Architecture by : Igea Troiani

Download or read book Visual Research Methods in Architecture written by Igea Troiani and published by Intellect (UK). This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a distinctive approach to the use of visual methodologies for qualitative architectural research. It presents a diverse selection of ways for the architect or architectural researcher to use their gaze as part of their research practice for the purpose of visual literacy. Its contributors explore and use 'critical visualizations', which employ observation and sociocultural critique through visual creations - texts, drawings, diagrams, paintings, visual texts, photography, film and their hybrid forms - in order to research architecture, landscape design and interior architecture. The visual methods intersect with those used in ethnography, anthropology, visual culture and media studies. In presenting a range of interdisciplinary approaches, Visual Methodologies in Architectural Research opens up territory for new forms of visual architectural scholarship


Research Methods for the Architectural Profession

Research Methods for the Architectural Profession

Author: Ajla Aksamija

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-03-03

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 1000343677

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Research Methods for the Architectural Profession introduces research as a systematic process, describes how to formulate research questions, provides an in-depth explanation of different research methods (qualitative, quantitative, and experimental), and explains how to select appropriate research methods and execute research studies. It describes the process of documentation, knowledge dissemination, and application of research results in architectural design and practice. Most importantly, it provides guidelines for integrating research into profession and uses extensive case-studies and practice-relevant examples to illustrate main concepts, procedures, and applications. Integrating research into practice is essential for developing new knowledge, solving design and technical problems, overcoming different types of challenges present in the contemporary profession, and improving the design outcomes. Innovation requires a much stronger correlation between research and design, and it is pertinent for the future of architectural practice that research becomes an integral part of architectural profession. This book provides a roadmap for successfully integrating research into architectural design and for establishing innovative practices, regardless of a firm’s size. Written by an architecture professor with an extensive research and professional background—specifically focusing on integrating research into practice—and richly illustrated with over 150 color images, this reference will be useful for both students and practitioners.


Book Synopsis Research Methods for the Architectural Profession by : Ajla Aksamija

Download or read book Research Methods for the Architectural Profession written by Ajla Aksamija and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Methods for the Architectural Profession introduces research as a systematic process, describes how to formulate research questions, provides an in-depth explanation of different research methods (qualitative, quantitative, and experimental), and explains how to select appropriate research methods and execute research studies. It describes the process of documentation, knowledge dissemination, and application of research results in architectural design and practice. Most importantly, it provides guidelines for integrating research into profession and uses extensive case-studies and practice-relevant examples to illustrate main concepts, procedures, and applications. Integrating research into practice is essential for developing new knowledge, solving design and technical problems, overcoming different types of challenges present in the contemporary profession, and improving the design outcomes. Innovation requires a much stronger correlation between research and design, and it is pertinent for the future of architectural practice that research becomes an integral part of architectural profession. This book provides a roadmap for successfully integrating research into architectural design and for establishing innovative practices, regardless of a firm’s size. Written by an architecture professor with an extensive research and professional background—specifically focusing on integrating research into practice—and richly illustrated with over 150 color images, this reference will be useful for both students and practitioners.


Human Factors Research: Methods and Applications for Architects and Interior Designers

Human Factors Research: Methods and Applications for Architects and Interior Designers

Author: J.E. Harrigan

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2014-06-28

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 1483295206

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In order to succeed, human factors research must blend the subjective and objective aspects of the client's situation, applying both argument and evidence. How to accomplish this complex and very necessary goal is the subject of this book in which information systems, research methods, and evaluation procedures have been formulated as elements in an application strategy that makes possible the blending of research and design. Three main themes are maintained throughout the book: the concern to ensure that designers know how to conduct human factors research in an effective and efficient manner; the emphasis on obtaining the benefits possible when designer and client work in collaboration; and the possibility that what is presented should stimulate thoughtful ideas about new computer applications or database features.Human factors research is fundamentally a problem of information development. Using the standardized information system presented in the book, the promise found in human factors research can readily be realized as the research questions and methods given provide a strategy and means for situational analysis. A necessary adjunct to human factors research is a means for assessing findings and translating them into specific design objectives, criteria, and specifications. The evaluation procedures described are directed toward these very complex requirements and provide a means for database development. The final chapter of the book contains research strategies, guidelines for establishing scopes of work, schedules, and budgets, and suggestions for proposals for those situations in which standard fees do not provide sufficient funds for human factors research.The book is written primarily for architects, interior designers, and students of environmental design. Many others will also find it of value: those who employ professional design services, executives who formulate policy for facility development and capital investment, administrators of housing, community service, educational, and recreational programs, developers concerned with community acceptability and marketability, managers of office buildings, industrial plants, and service and retail stores, and those who plan to design their own environments - all need a systematic approach to assure full benefits from their efforts and capital investments.


Book Synopsis Human Factors Research: Methods and Applications for Architects and Interior Designers by : J.E. Harrigan

Download or read book Human Factors Research: Methods and Applications for Architects and Interior Designers written by J.E. Harrigan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to succeed, human factors research must blend the subjective and objective aspects of the client's situation, applying both argument and evidence. How to accomplish this complex and very necessary goal is the subject of this book in which information systems, research methods, and evaluation procedures have been formulated as elements in an application strategy that makes possible the blending of research and design. Three main themes are maintained throughout the book: the concern to ensure that designers know how to conduct human factors research in an effective and efficient manner; the emphasis on obtaining the benefits possible when designer and client work in collaboration; and the possibility that what is presented should stimulate thoughtful ideas about new computer applications or database features.Human factors research is fundamentally a problem of information development. Using the standardized information system presented in the book, the promise found in human factors research can readily be realized as the research questions and methods given provide a strategy and means for situational analysis. A necessary adjunct to human factors research is a means for assessing findings and translating them into specific design objectives, criteria, and specifications. The evaluation procedures described are directed toward these very complex requirements and provide a means for database development. The final chapter of the book contains research strategies, guidelines for establishing scopes of work, schedules, and budgets, and suggestions for proposals for those situations in which standard fees do not provide sufficient funds for human factors research.The book is written primarily for architects, interior designers, and students of environmental design. Many others will also find it of value: those who employ professional design services, executives who formulate policy for facility development and capital investment, administrators of housing, community service, educational, and recreational programs, developers concerned with community acceptability and marketability, managers of office buildings, industrial plants, and service and retail stores, and those who plan to design their own environments - all need a systematic approach to assure full benefits from their efforts and capital investments.