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Is Tradition Revelation?

Author: Leslie Terebessy

Publisher: Independently Published

Published: 2021-05-14

Total Pages: 26

ISBN-13:

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The association of the use of reason to understand revelation with kufr by traditional jurists ensured that no pious Muslim would use his reason to understand revelation. In this way, the prohibition of reasoning in religion marred the thinking of the ummah, producing a "crisis in the Muslim mind." Knowledge of revelation was corrupted by problematic assumptions. Hence, the knowledge of revelation requires rehabilitation. Muslims require emerging from the shadow of tradition and the enchantment resulting from its characterization as "revelation." The prohibition of the use of reason would ensure that few Muslims would understand revelation, and thus be in a position to follow it. Recitation of revelation without understanding gives the appearance of knowledge. Instead of understanding and following revelation, Muslims were asked to follow tradition, on the assumption that it "explains" revelation better than reason. Following tradition included following the work of jurists. Revelation would be accessed through the prophetic traditions and jurists. To facilitate the acceptance of tradition, Muslims were assured that tradition was also revelation, albeit of a different kind. In this way, tradition replaced revelation. Eventually, tradition too was replaced by the works of jurists. Revelation states, "Allah loves those who put their trust in Him." Muslims could be guided neither by tradition nor by clerics as well as by revelation. Hence, the Muslim civilization declined. This was the price paid for abandoning revelation to follow man-made texts. To this day, Muslims recite revelation without understanding it. They are akin to those who bear tomes of books on their backs without understanding them. How could anyone follow that which he or she does not understand? The disparagement of reason also explains why no significant knowledge emerged in the Muslim world. It also explains the significant extent of "borrowing" that appears to take place in Muslim academic establishments. Fresh approaches appear elusive. The bias against reason was reflected in the slaughter of five thousand philosophers by Musa al-Hadi in 786, reinforced by the shutting of the gates to ijtihad in 1,000, and reiterated by the denunciation of philosophers as heretics by al-Ghazali.

Book Synopsis Is Tradition Revelation? by : Leslie Terebessy

Download or read book Is Tradition Revelation? written by Leslie Terebessy and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2021-05-14 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The association of the use of reason to understand revelation with kufr by traditional jurists ensured that no pious Muslim would use his reason to understand revelation. In this way, the prohibition of reasoning in religion marred the thinking of the ummah, producing a "crisis in the Muslim mind." Knowledge of revelation was corrupted by problematic assumptions. Hence, the knowledge of revelation requires rehabilitation. Muslims require emerging from the shadow of tradition and the enchantment resulting from its characterization as "revelation." The prohibition of the use of reason would ensure that few Muslims would understand revelation, and thus be in a position to follow it. Recitation of revelation without understanding gives the appearance of knowledge. Instead of understanding and following revelation, Muslims were asked to follow tradition, on the assumption that it "explains" revelation better than reason. Following tradition included following the work of jurists. Revelation would be accessed through the prophetic traditions and jurists. To facilitate the acceptance of tradition, Muslims were assured that tradition was also revelation, albeit of a different kind. In this way, tradition replaced revelation. Eventually, tradition too was replaced by the works of jurists. Revelation states, "Allah loves those who put their trust in Him." Muslims could be guided neither by tradition nor by clerics as well as by revelation. Hence, the Muslim civilization declined. This was the price paid for abandoning revelation to follow man-made texts. To this day, Muslims recite revelation without understanding it. They are akin to those who bear tomes of books on their backs without understanding them. How could anyone follow that which he or she does not understand? The disparagement of reason also explains why no significant knowledge emerged in the Muslim world. It also explains the significant extent of "borrowing" that appears to take place in Muslim academic establishments. Fresh approaches appear elusive. The bias against reason was reflected in the slaughter of five thousand philosophers by Musa al-Hadi in 786, reinforced by the shutting of the gates to ijtihad in 1,000, and reiterated by the denunciation of philosophers as heretics by al-Ghazali.

Addressing Aberrations in the Exegesis and Jurisprudence of Islam

Author: Leslie Terebessy

Publisher: Independently Published

Published: 2022-08-29

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Reason acquired a bad reputation in Islam. This was the result of a tradition which treats refraining from the use of reason in religion as a manifestation of piety. According to this "reasoning," Muslims are expected to refrain from using their reason in matters of religion. Exegetes were expected to suppress their reason on the basis of a hadith according to which the prophet forbade the use of 'reason-based tafsir' as disbelief (kufr). The disparagement of reason has a troubling past in Islam. It was propagated by the Sufis, who perceived people of reason as their enemies and the enemies of Islam. They alleged that there is a "tension" between reason and revelation. The perception that equated reasoning with disbelief goes a long way towards explaining not just the proliferation of violence but the fall of the Islam itself. For a civilization that does not value reason is doomed. It by using reason that we attain knowledge of revelation and receive guidance from it. To this day we hear religious teachers advising their protégés against the perils of reasoning.The rejection of the relationship between causes and effects did a great disservice to Islam. For rejecting the relationship between cause and effect entails a rejection of a significant part of the teaching of revelation. Islam teaches that there is a relationship between the way we act and what we gain from it. If we believe and perform praiseworthy acts, we go to paradise. If we disbelieve and do evil, we go to the fire. Evidence of flawed reasoning is also found in the teaching of the purposes of the sharia. This teaching, attributed to al-Shatibi, fails to highlight justice as a purpose of the sharia. How to explain this glaring omission? For in the Quran, justice is next to piety. In their backlash against the rationalists, who advocated both reason and justice, the traditionists disregarded justice. More evidence of poor reasoning may be found in the elevation of tradition to revelation, the assertion that tradition judges revelation, and the belief in the theory of abrogation. The rejection of reasoning had catastrophic consequences for the Muslim civilization. It facilitated the incorporation of a range of unwarranted assumptions within exegesis and jurisprudence, including the perceptions that revelation is "ambiguous," "deficient," that tradition is revelation, and that revelation is better explained by tradition than reason. Little attention was paid to the fact that the explanation of revelation by tradition also requires the use of reason. Another troubling practice was the subordination of reason to tradition, which was reflected in the belief that tradition had to be followed even against reason. The subordination of revelation to tradition was expressed in the perception that "tradition judges revelation" and that "revelation requires tradition more than tradition requires revelation." Are these statements in agreement with the teaching of tauhid? The subjugation of reason and revelation to tradition tainted the knowledge of Islam. Folklore was engaged to "explain" revelation. What is more, it was expected to do so without the use of reason. This produced a paralysis in the Muslim mind. Contradictory beliefs became embedded in exegesis as well as in jurisprudence. An example is the perception that traditions are "equal" to and subordinate to revelation, simultaneously. Another example is the replacement of parts of revelation by traditions, which resulted from the utilization of the teaching of the abrogation of revelation by tradition. The theory of abrogation enabled extensive tampering with the knowledge of revelation, to the point that it distorted and corrupted its teaching. The alleged abrogation of the peace verses by the ayah as-sayf, taken out of context, transformed the teaching of peace into a political agenda known as Islamism. It transformed Islam as the religion of peace into Islamism as an ideology of war and conquest.

Book Synopsis Addressing Aberrations in the Exegesis and Jurisprudence of Islam by : Leslie Terebessy

Download or read book Addressing Aberrations in the Exegesis and Jurisprudence of Islam written by Leslie Terebessy and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2022-08-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reason acquired a bad reputation in Islam. This was the result of a tradition which treats refraining from the use of reason in religion as a manifestation of piety. According to this "reasoning," Muslims are expected to refrain from using their reason in matters of religion. Exegetes were expected to suppress their reason on the basis of a hadith according to which the prophet forbade the use of 'reason-based tafsir' as disbelief (kufr). The disparagement of reason has a troubling past in Islam. It was propagated by the Sufis, who perceived people of reason as their enemies and the enemies of Islam. They alleged that there is a "tension" between reason and revelation. The perception that equated reasoning with disbelief goes a long way towards explaining not just the proliferation of violence but the fall of the Islam itself. For a civilization that does not value reason is doomed. It by using reason that we attain knowledge of revelation and receive guidance from it. To this day we hear religious teachers advising their protégés against the perils of reasoning.The rejection of the relationship between causes and effects did a great disservice to Islam. For rejecting the relationship between cause and effect entails a rejection of a significant part of the teaching of revelation. Islam teaches that there is a relationship between the way we act and what we gain from it. If we believe and perform praiseworthy acts, we go to paradise. If we disbelieve and do evil, we go to the fire. Evidence of flawed reasoning is also found in the teaching of the purposes of the sharia. This teaching, attributed to al-Shatibi, fails to highlight justice as a purpose of the sharia. How to explain this glaring omission? For in the Quran, justice is next to piety. In their backlash against the rationalists, who advocated both reason and justice, the traditionists disregarded justice. More evidence of poor reasoning may be found in the elevation of tradition to revelation, the assertion that tradition judges revelation, and the belief in the theory of abrogation. The rejection of reasoning had catastrophic consequences for the Muslim civilization. It facilitated the incorporation of a range of unwarranted assumptions within exegesis and jurisprudence, including the perceptions that revelation is "ambiguous," "deficient," that tradition is revelation, and that revelation is better explained by tradition than reason. Little attention was paid to the fact that the explanation of revelation by tradition also requires the use of reason. Another troubling practice was the subordination of reason to tradition, which was reflected in the belief that tradition had to be followed even against reason. The subordination of revelation to tradition was expressed in the perception that "tradition judges revelation" and that "revelation requires tradition more than tradition requires revelation." Are these statements in agreement with the teaching of tauhid? The subjugation of reason and revelation to tradition tainted the knowledge of Islam. Folklore was engaged to "explain" revelation. What is more, it was expected to do so without the use of reason. This produced a paralysis in the Muslim mind. Contradictory beliefs became embedded in exegesis as well as in jurisprudence. An example is the perception that traditions are "equal" to and subordinate to revelation, simultaneously. Another example is the replacement of parts of revelation by traditions, which resulted from the utilization of the teaching of the abrogation of revelation by tradition. The theory of abrogation enabled extensive tampering with the knowledge of revelation, to the point that it distorted and corrupted its teaching. The alleged abrogation of the peace verses by the ayah as-sayf, taken out of context, transformed the teaching of peace into a political agenda known as Islamism. It transformed Islam as the religion of peace into Islamism as an ideology of war and conquest.

Responding from the Tradition

Author: Sheikh Ali Gomaa

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781891785443

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Addressing 100 key issues relevant to contemporary Muslims, this collection of Islamic legal opinions seeks to concentrate on the most controversial and divisive issues within Islamic life. Providing invaluable insight into the Islamic tradition, the Grand Mufti answers thousands of questions that have been posed to him over the years. Topics of discussion include, What is the relationship between Islam and other religions? How can Muslims respond to the claim that women have been oppressed through Islam's system of inheritance? What is the Islamic view of democracy? and What are the main, touchstone books for each of the four schools of Sunni law? Each fatwa attempts to clarify important concerns that pose difficulty for the Muslims of today, and the complex answers offer answers that can be utilized daily.

Book Synopsis Responding from the Tradition by : Sheikh Ali Gomaa

Download or read book Responding from the Tradition written by Sheikh Ali Gomaa and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing 100 key issues relevant to contemporary Muslims, this collection of Islamic legal opinions seeks to concentrate on the most controversial and divisive issues within Islamic life. Providing invaluable insight into the Islamic tradition, the Grand Mufti answers thousands of questions that have been posed to him over the years. Topics of discussion include, What is the relationship between Islam and other religions? How can Muslims respond to the claim that women have been oppressed through Islam's system of inheritance? What is the Islamic view of democracy? and What are the main, touchstone books for each of the four schools of Sunni law? Each fatwa attempts to clarify important concerns that pose difficulty for the Muslims of today, and the complex answers offer answers that can be utilized daily.

The Pop Art Tradition - Responding to Mass-Culture

Author: Eric Shanes

Publisher: Parkstone International

Published: 2019-12-09

Total Pages: 369

ISBN-13: 1783107499

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This book offers a radically new perspective on the so-called ‘Pop Art’ creative dynamic that has been around since the 1950s. It does so by enhancing the term ‘Pop Art’ which has always been recognised as a misnomer, for it obscures far more than it clarifies. Instead, the book connects all the art in question to mass-culture which has always provided its core inspiration. Above all, the book suggests that this Mass-Culture Art has created a new Modernist tradition which is still flourishing. The book traces that tradition down the forty and more years since Pop/Mass-Culture Art first came into being in the 1950s, and locates it within its larger historical context. Naturally the book discusses the major contributors to the Pop/Mass-Culture Art tradition right down to the present, in the process including a number of artists who have never previously been connected with so-called ‘Pop Art’ but who have always been primarily interested in mass-culture, and who are therefore partially or totally connected with Pop/Mass-Culture Art. The book reproduces in colour and discusses in great detail over 150 of the key works of the Pop/Mass-Culture Art tradition. Often this involves the close reading of images whose meaning has largely escaped understanding previously. The result is a book that qualitatively is fully on a level with Eric Shanes’s other best-selling and award-winning writings.

Book Synopsis The Pop Art Tradition - Responding to Mass-Culture by : Eric Shanes

Download or read book The Pop Art Tradition - Responding to Mass-Culture written by Eric Shanes and published by Parkstone International. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a radically new perspective on the so-called ‘Pop Art’ creative dynamic that has been around since the 1950s. It does so by enhancing the term ‘Pop Art’ which has always been recognised as a misnomer, for it obscures far more than it clarifies. Instead, the book connects all the art in question to mass-culture which has always provided its core inspiration. Above all, the book suggests that this Mass-Culture Art has created a new Modernist tradition which is still flourishing. The book traces that tradition down the forty and more years since Pop/Mass-Culture Art first came into being in the 1950s, and locates it within its larger historical context. Naturally the book discusses the major contributors to the Pop/Mass-Culture Art tradition right down to the present, in the process including a number of artists who have never previously been connected with so-called ‘Pop Art’ but who have always been primarily interested in mass-culture, and who are therefore partially or totally connected with Pop/Mass-Culture Art. The book reproduces in colour and discusses in great detail over 150 of the key works of the Pop/Mass-Culture Art tradition. Often this involves the close reading of images whose meaning has largely escaped understanding previously. The result is a book that qualitatively is fully on a level with Eric Shanes’s other best-selling and award-winning writings.

Responding to the New Call of Duty

Author: Woodrow Wilson

Publisher:

Published: 1916

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Responding to the New Call of Duty by : Woodrow Wilson

Download or read book Responding to the New Call of Duty written by Woodrow Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought

Author: Michael Cook

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2001-01-25

Total Pages: 724

ISBN-13: 1139431609

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Do we have a duty to stop others doing wrong? The question is intelligible in any civilisation, but only in the Islamic tradition is 'commanding right and forbidding wrong' a central moral tenet. Michael Cook's analysis is the first to chart the history of Islamic reflection on this obligation.

Book Synopsis Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought by : Michael Cook

Download or read book Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought written by Michael Cook and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-01-25 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do we have a duty to stop others doing wrong? The question is intelligible in any civilisation, but only in the Islamic tradition is 'commanding right and forbidding wrong' a central moral tenet. Michael Cook's analysis is the first to chart the history of Islamic reflection on this obligation.

Oman - The Islamic Democratic Tradition

Author: Hussein Ghubash

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-02-04

Total Pages: 267

ISBN-13: 1135035660

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Oman is the inheritor of a unique political tradition, the imama (imamate), and has a special place in the Arab Islamic world. From the eighth century and for more than a thousand years, the story of Oman was essentially a story of an original, minority, movement: the Ibadi. This long period was marked by the search for a just imama through the Ibadi model of the Islamic State. Hussein Ghubash’s well-researched book takes the reader on an historical voyage through geography, politics, and culture of the region, from the sixteenth century to the present day. Oman has long-standing ties with East Africa as well as Europe; the first contact between Oman and European imperialist powers took place at the dawn of the 1500s with the arrival of the Portuguese, eventually followed by the Dutch, French and British. Persuasive, thorough and drawing on Western as well as Islamic political theory, this book analyzes the different historical and geopolitical roles of this strategic country. Thanks to its millennial tradition, Oman enjoys a solid national culture and a stable socio-political situation. Today, it is moving steadily towards a democratic future.

Book Synopsis Oman - The Islamic Democratic Tradition by : Hussein Ghubash

Download or read book Oman - The Islamic Democratic Tradition written by Hussein Ghubash and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oman is the inheritor of a unique political tradition, the imama (imamate), and has a special place in the Arab Islamic world. From the eighth century and for more than a thousand years, the story of Oman was essentially a story of an original, minority, movement: the Ibadi. This long period was marked by the search for a just imama through the Ibadi model of the Islamic State. Hussein Ghubash’s well-researched book takes the reader on an historical voyage through geography, politics, and culture of the region, from the sixteenth century to the present day. Oman has long-standing ties with East Africa as well as Europe; the first contact between Oman and European imperialist powers took place at the dawn of the 1500s with the arrival of the Portuguese, eventually followed by the Dutch, French and British. Persuasive, thorough and drawing on Western as well as Islamic political theory, this book analyzes the different historical and geopolitical roles of this strategic country. Thanks to its millennial tradition, Oman enjoys a solid national culture and a stable socio-political situation. Today, it is moving steadily towards a democratic future.

The Symbolic Vision in Biblical Tradition

Author: Susan Niditch

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2019-05-27

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 9004387129

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Preliminary Material /Susan Niditch -- Introduction /Susan Niditch -- Stage I of the Symbolic Vision Form /Susan Niditch -- Stage II, A Literary-Narrative Direction in the Visions of Zechariah /Susan Niditch -- The Baroque Stage of the Symbolic Vision Form /Susan Niditch -- Conclusions /Susan Niditch -- Bibliography /Susan Niditch.

Book Synopsis The Symbolic Vision in Biblical Tradition by : Susan Niditch

Download or read book The Symbolic Vision in Biblical Tradition written by Susan Niditch and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-05-27 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preliminary Material /Susan Niditch -- Introduction /Susan Niditch -- Stage I of the Symbolic Vision Form /Susan Niditch -- Stage II, A Literary-Narrative Direction in the Visions of Zechariah /Susan Niditch -- The Baroque Stage of the Symbolic Vision Form /Susan Niditch -- Conclusions /Susan Niditch -- Bibliography /Susan Niditch.

Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible: Psalms

Author: Willem S. Prinslo

Publisher: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing

Published: 2019-06-18

Total Pages: 1672

ISBN-13: 1467453692

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This extract from the Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible provides Prinslo’s introduction to and concise commentary on Psalms. The Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible presents, in nontechnical language, the best of modern scholarship on each book of the Bible, including the Apocrypha. Reader-friendly commentary complements succinct summaries of each section of the text and will be valuable to scholars, students, and general readers. Rather than attempt a verse-by-verse analysis, these volumes work from larger sense units, highlighting the place of each passage within the overarching biblical story. Commentators focus on the genre of each text—parable, prophetic oracle, legal code, and so on—interpreting within the historical and literary context. The volumes also address major issues within each biblical book—including the range of possible interpretations—and refer readers to the best resources for further discussions.

Book Synopsis Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible: Psalms by : Willem S. Prinslo

Download or read book Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible: Psalms written by Willem S. Prinslo and published by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 1672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extract from the Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible provides Prinslo’s introduction to and concise commentary on Psalms. The Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible presents, in nontechnical language, the best of modern scholarship on each book of the Bible, including the Apocrypha. Reader-friendly commentary complements succinct summaries of each section of the text and will be valuable to scholars, students, and general readers. Rather than attempt a verse-by-verse analysis, these volumes work from larger sense units, highlighting the place of each passage within the overarching biblical story. Commentators focus on the genre of each text—parable, prophetic oracle, legal code, and so on—interpreting within the historical and literary context. The volumes also address major issues within each biblical book—including the range of possible interpretations—and refer readers to the best resources for further discussions.

Traditional and Innovative Assessment Techniques for Students with Disabilities

Author: Festus E. Obiakor

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing

Published: 2021-08-11

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 1839098902

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This finely curated collection of thirteen chapters presents ideas and research on different disability topics from key leaders in the field of the assessment of children with disabilities. They help us to properly understand and compare traditional and innovative assessment techniques for students with disabilities.

Book Synopsis Traditional and Innovative Assessment Techniques for Students with Disabilities by : Festus E. Obiakor

Download or read book Traditional and Innovative Assessment Techniques for Students with Disabilities written by Festus E. Obiakor and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-11 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This finely curated collection of thirteen chapters presents ideas and research on different disability topics from key leaders in the field of the assessment of children with disabilities. They help us to properly understand and compare traditional and innovative assessment techniques for students with disabilities.