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Author: United States. Congressional Budget Office
Publisher:
Published: 1978
Total Pages: 88
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDownload or read book Retaliatory Issues for the U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces written by United States. Congressional Budget Office and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 1978
Total Pages: 78
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe most important role for U.S. strategic nuclear forces is to deter Soviet nuclear attacks by the threat of retaliation. Because of increased vulnerability of U.S. land-based missiles and the improved Soviet civil defense program, questions have been raised concerning the ability of U.S. forces to retaliate effectively in the future against the Soviet Union. Proposals to develop several new weapon systems to respond to these threats have been presented to Congress. This background paper, prepared at the request of the Senate Budget Committee, discusses the capabilities of both current and possible future strategic nuclear forces to destroy industrial and military targets in the Soviet Union after absorbing a massive Soviet surprise attack. Together with a companion paper, "Counterforce Issues for the U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces," this study supports a forthcoming budget issue paper on strategic nuclear forces for fiscal year 1979. In accordance with CBO's mandate to provide objective analysis, the paper offers no recommendations. The paper is organized as follows: Chapter I - Why Measure Retaliatory Effectiveness?; Chapter II - Retaliatory Capabilities: How Many U.S. Weapons Would Survive a Soviet Attack?, How Many U.S. Weapons Would Reach Soviet Targets?, and How Much Damage Would be Inflicted on the Soviet Union?; Chapter III - The Effect of Soviet Civil Defense Measures: The Soviet Civil Defense Program, Effects of Population Protection Measures, and Effects of Industrial Protection Measures; Chapter IV - Retaliatory Force Structure: U.S. Retaliatory Force Options. Tables provide the following information: Estimated Characteristics of Current U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces; Estimated Characteristics of U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces in the Mid-1980s; Estimated Characteristics of U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces in the 1990s; Estimated U.S. Strategic Forces Surviving a Hypothetical Soviet First Strike; and Retaliatory Capabilities of the Finite Deterrence Force.
Download or read book Retaliatory Issues for the U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important role for U.S. strategic nuclear forces is to deter Soviet nuclear attacks by the threat of retaliation. Because of increased vulnerability of U.S. land-based missiles and the improved Soviet civil defense program, questions have been raised concerning the ability of U.S. forces to retaliate effectively in the future against the Soviet Union. Proposals to develop several new weapon systems to respond to these threats have been presented to Congress. This background paper, prepared at the request of the Senate Budget Committee, discusses the capabilities of both current and possible future strategic nuclear forces to destroy industrial and military targets in the Soviet Union after absorbing a massive Soviet surprise attack. Together with a companion paper, "Counterforce Issues for the U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces," this study supports a forthcoming budget issue paper on strategic nuclear forces for fiscal year 1979. In accordance with CBO's mandate to provide objective analysis, the paper offers no recommendations. The paper is organized as follows: Chapter I - Why Measure Retaliatory Effectiveness?; Chapter II - Retaliatory Capabilities: How Many U.S. Weapons Would Survive a Soviet Attack?, How Many U.S. Weapons Would Reach Soviet Targets?, and How Much Damage Would be Inflicted on the Soviet Union?; Chapter III - The Effect of Soviet Civil Defense Measures: The Soviet Civil Defense Program, Effects of Population Protection Measures, and Effects of Industrial Protection Measures; Chapter IV - Retaliatory Force Structure: U.S. Retaliatory Force Options. Tables provide the following information: Estimated Characteristics of Current U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces; Estimated Characteristics of U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces in the Mid-1980s; Estimated Characteristics of U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces in the 1990s; Estimated U.S. Strategic Forces Surviving a Hypothetical Soviet First Strike; and Retaliatory Capabilities of the Finite Deterrence Force.
Author: UNITED STATES. CONGRESS. CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE.
Publisher:
Published: 1978
Total Pages: 50
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDownload or read book RETALIATORY ISSUES FOR THE U.S. STRATEGIC NUCLEAR FORCES. written by UNITED STATES. CONGRESS. CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE. and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author: United States. Congressional Budget Office
Publisher:
Published: 1977
Total Pages: 74
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDownload or read book U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces written by United States. Congressional Budget Office and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author: Charles L. Glaser
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Published: 2014-07-14
Total Pages: 393
ISBN-13: 1400862027
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWith sweeping changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe having shaken core assumptions of U.S. defense policy, it is time to reassess basic questions of American nuclear strategy and force requirements. In a comprehensive analysis of these issues, Charles Glaser argues that even before the recent easing of tension with the Soviet Union, the United States should have revised its nuclear strategy, rejecting deterrent threats that require the ability to destroy Soviet nuclear forces and forgoing entirely efforts to limit damage if all-out nuclear war occurs. Changes in the Soviet Union, suggests Glaser, may be best viewed as creating an opportunity to make revisions that are more than twenty years overdue. Glaser's provocative work is organized in three parts. "The Questions behind the Questions" evaluates the basic factual and theoretical disputes that underlie disagreements about U.S. nuclear weapons policy. "Alternative Nuclear Worlds" compares "mutual assured destruction capabilities" (MAD)--a world in which both superpowers' societies are highly vulnerable to nuclear retaliation--to the basic alternatives: mutual perfect defenses, U.S. superiority, and nuclear disarmament. Would any basic alternatives be preferable to MAD? Drawing on the earlier sections of the book, "Decisions in MAD" addresses key choices facing American decision makers. Originally published in 1990. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Analyzing Strategic Nuclear Policy written by Charles L. Glaser and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With sweeping changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe having shaken core assumptions of U.S. defense policy, it is time to reassess basic questions of American nuclear strategy and force requirements. In a comprehensive analysis of these issues, Charles Glaser argues that even before the recent easing of tension with the Soviet Union, the United States should have revised its nuclear strategy, rejecting deterrent threats that require the ability to destroy Soviet nuclear forces and forgoing entirely efforts to limit damage if all-out nuclear war occurs. Changes in the Soviet Union, suggests Glaser, may be best viewed as creating an opportunity to make revisions that are more than twenty years overdue. Glaser's provocative work is organized in three parts. "The Questions behind the Questions" evaluates the basic factual and theoretical disputes that underlie disagreements about U.S. nuclear weapons policy. "Alternative Nuclear Worlds" compares "mutual assured destruction capabilities" (MAD)--a world in which both superpowers' societies are highly vulnerable to nuclear retaliation--to the basic alternatives: mutual perfect defenses, U.S. superiority, and nuclear disarmament. Would any basic alternatives be preferable to MAD? Drawing on the earlier sections of the book, "Decisions in MAD" addresses key choices facing American decision makers. Originally published in 1990. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book U.S. Strategic Nuclear Force Options written by John M. Collins and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author: Amy F. Woolf
Publisher: Nova Novinka
Published: 2005
Total Pages: 86
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Bush Administration conducted a review of US nuclear weapons force posture during its first year in office. Although the review sought to adjust US nuclear posture to address changes in the international security environment at the start of the new century, it continued many of the policies and programs that had been a part of the US nuclear posture during the previous decades and during the Cold War. This book provides an overview of the US nuclear posture to highlight areas of change and areas of continuity. During the Cold War, the United States sought to deter the Soviet Union and its allies from attacking the United States and its allies by convincing the Soviet Union that any level of conflict could escalate into a nuclear exchange and, in that exchange, the United States would plan to destroy the full range of valued targets in the Soviet Union. Other nations were included in US nuclear war plans due to their alliances with the Soviet Union. After the Cold War, the United States maintained a substantial nuclear arsenal to deter potential threats from Russia. It would not forswear the first use of nuclear weapons in conflicts with other nations, armed with chemical or biological weapons, and formed contingency plans for such conflicts. The Bush Administration has emphasised that the United States and Russia are no longer enemies and that the United States will no longer plan or size its nuclear force to deter a 'Russian threat'. Instead, the United States will maintain a nuclear arsenal with the capabilities needed to counter capabilities of any potential adversary, focusing on 'how we will fight' rather than 'who we will fight'. Furthermore, US nuclear weapons will combine with missile defences, conventional weapons, and a responsive infrastructure in seeking to assure US allies, dissuade US adversaries, deter conflict, and defeat adversaries if conflict should occur. Analysts and observers have identified several issues raised by the Administration's Nuclear Posture Review. These include the role of nuclear weapons in US national security policy, how to make the US nuclear deterrent 'credible', the relationship between the US nuclear posture and the goal of discouraging nuclear proliferation, plans for strategic nuclear weapons, and the future of non-strategic nuclear weapons.
Download or read book U.S. Nuclear Weapons written by Amy F. Woolf and published by Nova Novinka. This book was released on 2005 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bush Administration conducted a review of US nuclear weapons force posture during its first year in office. Although the review sought to adjust US nuclear posture to address changes in the international security environment at the start of the new century, it continued many of the policies and programs that had been a part of the US nuclear posture during the previous decades and during the Cold War. This book provides an overview of the US nuclear posture to highlight areas of change and areas of continuity. During the Cold War, the United States sought to deter the Soviet Union and its allies from attacking the United States and its allies by convincing the Soviet Union that any level of conflict could escalate into a nuclear exchange and, in that exchange, the United States would plan to destroy the full range of valued targets in the Soviet Union. Other nations were included in US nuclear war plans due to their alliances with the Soviet Union. After the Cold War, the United States maintained a substantial nuclear arsenal to deter potential threats from Russia. It would not forswear the first use of nuclear weapons in conflicts with other nations, armed with chemical or biological weapons, and formed contingency plans for such conflicts. The Bush Administration has emphasised that the United States and Russia are no longer enemies and that the United States will no longer plan or size its nuclear force to deter a 'Russian threat'. Instead, the United States will maintain a nuclear arsenal with the capabilities needed to counter capabilities of any potential adversary, focusing on 'how we will fight' rather than 'who we will fight'. Furthermore, US nuclear weapons will combine with missile defences, conventional weapons, and a responsive infrastructure in seeking to assure US allies, dissuade US adversaries, deter conflict, and defeat adversaries if conflict should occur. Analysts and observers have identified several issues raised by the Administration's Nuclear Posture Review. These include the role of nuclear weapons in US national security policy, how to make the US nuclear deterrent 'credible', the relationship between the US nuclear posture and the goal of discouraging nuclear proliferation, plans for strategic nuclear weapons, and the future of non-strategic nuclear weapons.
Author: United States. Congressional Budget Office
Publisher:
Published: 1978
Total Pages: 104
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDownload or read book Counterforce Issues for the U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces written by United States. Congressional Budget Office and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author: U. S. Military
Publisher:
Published: 2017-10-02
Total Pages: 399
ISBN-13: 9781549884870
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis unique book reproduces sixteen important government documents, reports, and studies dealing with American strategic nuclear forces, including the elements of the nuclear triad (missiles, bombers, and submarines), arms control issues and treaties, and modernization plans. Documents include: U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues (2015) * U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues (2013) * Counterforce Issues for the U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces * Considerations for a U.S. Nuclear Force Structure below a 1,000-Warhead Limit * Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Nuclear Capabilities * Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2014 to 2023 * Adherence to and Compliance with Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments * The National Military Strategy of the United States of America 2015 * Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2015 to 2024 * Air Force Global Strike Command "To Deter and Assure" Strategic Master Plan 2014 * Task Force Report: Assessment of Nuclear Monitoring and Verification Technologies * U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues (2009) * U.S. Nuclear Weapons: Changes in Policy and Force Structure * ICBMs - Their Relevance to U.S. Security and the United States Air Force in the 21st Century * Culture Clash: Bomber Nuclear Operations in a Post-Cold War World * Nuclear Strategy in the New World Order. Introduction * Background: The Strategic Triad * Force Structure and Size During the Cold War * Force Structure and Size After the Cold War * Current and Future Force Structure and Size * Strategic Nuclear Delivery Vehicles: Recent Reductions and Current Modernization Programs * Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) * Peacekeeper (MX) * Minuteman III * Minuteman Modernization Programs. * Future Programs * Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles * The SSGN Program * The Backfit Program * Basing Changes * Warhead Loadings * Modernization Plans and Programs * The Ohio Replacement Program (ORP) Program * Bombers * B-1 Bomber * B-2 Bomber * B-52 Bomber * Future Bomber Plans * Sustaining the Nuclear Weapons Enterprise * Issues for Congress * Force Size * Force Structure * The Cost of Nuclear Weapons Since the early 1960s the United States has maintained a "triad" of strategic nuclear delivery vehicles. The United States first developed these three types of nuclear delivery vehicles, in large part, because each of the military services wanted to play a role in the U.S. nuclear arsenal. However, during the 1960s and 1970s, analysts developed a more reasoned rationale for the nuclear "triad." They argued that these different basing modes had complementary strengths and weaknesses. They would enhance deterrence and discourage a Soviet first strike because they complicated Soviet attack planning and ensured the survivability of a significant portion of the U.S. force in the event of a Soviet first strike. The different characteristics might also strengthen the credibility of U.S. targeting strategy. For example, ICBMs eventually had the accuracy and prompt responsiveness needed to attack hardened targets such as Soviet command posts and ICBM silos, SLBMs had the survivability needed to complicate Soviet efforts to launch a disarming first strike and to retaliate if such an attack were attempted, and heavy bombers could be dispersed quickly and launched to enhance their survivability, and they could be recalled to their bases if a crisis did not escalate into conflict. According to unclassified estimates, the number of delivery vehicles (ICBMs, SLBMs, and nuclear-capable bombers) in the U.S. force structure grew steadily through the mid-1960s, with the greatest number of delivery vehicles, 2,268, deployed in 1967.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Strategic Nuclear Forces - Reports on Missiles, Bombers, Submarines, Triad, Warheads, Modernization Plans, ICBM, SLBM, START Treaty, Long-Range Standoff (LRSO), and Verification written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book reproduces sixteen important government documents, reports, and studies dealing with American strategic nuclear forces, including the elements of the nuclear triad (missiles, bombers, and submarines), arms control issues and treaties, and modernization plans. Documents include: U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues (2015) * U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues (2013) * Counterforce Issues for the U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces * Considerations for a U.S. Nuclear Force Structure below a 1,000-Warhead Limit * Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Nuclear Capabilities * Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2014 to 2023 * Adherence to and Compliance with Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments * The National Military Strategy of the United States of America 2015 * Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2015 to 2024 * Air Force Global Strike Command "To Deter and Assure" Strategic Master Plan 2014 * Task Force Report: Assessment of Nuclear Monitoring and Verification Technologies * U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues (2009) * U.S. Nuclear Weapons: Changes in Policy and Force Structure * ICBMs - Their Relevance to U.S. Security and the United States Air Force in the 21st Century * Culture Clash: Bomber Nuclear Operations in a Post-Cold War World * Nuclear Strategy in the New World Order. Introduction * Background: The Strategic Triad * Force Structure and Size During the Cold War * Force Structure and Size After the Cold War * Current and Future Force Structure and Size * Strategic Nuclear Delivery Vehicles: Recent Reductions and Current Modernization Programs * Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) * Peacekeeper (MX) * Minuteman III * Minuteman Modernization Programs. * Future Programs * Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles * The SSGN Program * The Backfit Program * Basing Changes * Warhead Loadings * Modernization Plans and Programs * The Ohio Replacement Program (ORP) Program * Bombers * B-1 Bomber * B-2 Bomber * B-52 Bomber * Future Bomber Plans * Sustaining the Nuclear Weapons Enterprise * Issues for Congress * Force Size * Force Structure * The Cost of Nuclear Weapons Since the early 1960s the United States has maintained a "triad" of strategic nuclear delivery vehicles. The United States first developed these three types of nuclear delivery vehicles, in large part, because each of the military services wanted to play a role in the U.S. nuclear arsenal. However, during the 1960s and 1970s, analysts developed a more reasoned rationale for the nuclear "triad." They argued that these different basing modes had complementary strengths and weaknesses. They would enhance deterrence and discourage a Soviet first strike because they complicated Soviet attack planning and ensured the survivability of a significant portion of the U.S. force in the event of a Soviet first strike. The different characteristics might also strengthen the credibility of U.S. targeting strategy. For example, ICBMs eventually had the accuracy and prompt responsiveness needed to attack hardened targets such as Soviet command posts and ICBM silos, SLBMs had the survivability needed to complicate Soviet efforts to launch a disarming first strike and to retaliate if such an attack were attempted, and heavy bombers could be dispersed quickly and launched to enhance their survivability, and they could be recalled to their bases if a crisis did not escalate into conflict. According to unclassified estimates, the number of delivery vehicles (ICBMs, SLBMs, and nuclear-capable bombers) in the U.S. force structure grew steadily through the mid-1960s, with the greatest number of delivery vehicles, 2,268, deployed in 1967.
Download or read book Counterforce Issues for the U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
