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Book Synopsis Role of Nrf2 in Disease: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches by : Javier Egea
Download or read book Role of Nrf2 in Disease: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches written by Javier Egea and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
"Oxidative stress causes widespread damage to biomolecules, leads to different pathological conditions and contributes to aging. The Nrf2 transcription factor, a major mediator of oxidative stress responses, controls gene expression programs that protect multiple organs from oxidative damage, delay the onset of some age-associated diseases and promote longevity at least in some organisms. In an unstressed condition, Nrf2 interacts with its cytoplasmic inhibitor Keap1, which targets it for proteasomal degradation. Oxidative stress prevents Keap1-mediated degradation of Nrf2, resulting in its accumulation and nuclear translocation. In the nucleus, Nrf2 dimerizes with a small Maf protein, binds to ?Antioxidant Response Elements' and induces multiple antioxidant and detoxification genes. Complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 regulation is important to assess its role in normal physiology and disease. The key components of Nrf2 signaling are conserved in Drosophila where CncC is the homolog of mammalian Nrf2. In order to study mechanisms of Nrf2 function in Drosophila, cell-based and in vivo transcriptional reporters for Nrf2 were developed. A cell-based dsRNA library screen was carried out to find novel regulators of Nrf2 signaling. Among others we identified Cdk12 and Fs(1)h. Cdk12, a RNA PolII-CTD kinase, was found to be required for CncC target gene expression in a cell-autonomous manner and to be important for oxidative stress resistance. In contrast, Fs(1)h, the sole member of the BET protein family in Drosophila, was identified as an inhibitor of CncC. Bromodomain-containing BET proteins have complex functions in chromosome organization and the control of gene expression. Fs(1)h was found to physically interact with CncC in a manner that requires the function of its bromodomains and the acetylation of CncC. Treatment of cultured Drosophila cells or adult flies with the BET protein inhibitor JQ1 de-represses CncC transcriptional activity and induces protective gene expression programs. The mechanism by which Fs(1)h inhibits CncC function is distinct from that of Keap1. Consistent with this, combinations of drugs that can specifically target Keap1 and Fs(1)h cause a synergistic and specific activation of CncC dependent gene expression. This synergism might be exploitable for the design of combinatorial therapeutic approaches, targeting Nrf2 in various diseases."--Pages vi-vii.
Book Synopsis Identification and Characterization of Proteins with Novel Functions in Nrf2 Signaling by : Nirmalya Chatterjee
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Proteins with Novel Functions in Nrf2 Signaling written by Nirmalya Chatterjee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Oxidative stress causes widespread damage to biomolecules, leads to different pathological conditions and contributes to aging. The Nrf2 transcription factor, a major mediator of oxidative stress responses, controls gene expression programs that protect multiple organs from oxidative damage, delay the onset of some age-associated diseases and promote longevity at least in some organisms. In an unstressed condition, Nrf2 interacts with its cytoplasmic inhibitor Keap1, which targets it for proteasomal degradation. Oxidative stress prevents Keap1-mediated degradation of Nrf2, resulting in its accumulation and nuclear translocation. In the nucleus, Nrf2 dimerizes with a small Maf protein, binds to ?Antioxidant Response Elements' and induces multiple antioxidant and detoxification genes. Complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 regulation is important to assess its role in normal physiology and disease. The key components of Nrf2 signaling are conserved in Drosophila where CncC is the homolog of mammalian Nrf2. In order to study mechanisms of Nrf2 function in Drosophila, cell-based and in vivo transcriptional reporters for Nrf2 were developed. A cell-based dsRNA library screen was carried out to find novel regulators of Nrf2 signaling. Among others we identified Cdk12 and Fs(1)h. Cdk12, a RNA PolII-CTD kinase, was found to be required for CncC target gene expression in a cell-autonomous manner and to be important for oxidative stress resistance. In contrast, Fs(1)h, the sole member of the BET protein family in Drosophila, was identified as an inhibitor of CncC. Bromodomain-containing BET proteins have complex functions in chromosome organization and the control of gene expression. Fs(1)h was found to physically interact with CncC in a manner that requires the function of its bromodomains and the acetylation of CncC. Treatment of cultured Drosophila cells or adult flies with the BET protein inhibitor JQ1 de-represses CncC transcriptional activity and induces protective gene expression programs. The mechanism by which Fs(1)h inhibits CncC function is distinct from that of Keap1. Consistent with this, combinations of drugs that can specifically target Keap1 and Fs(1)h cause a synergistic and specific activation of CncC dependent gene expression. This synergism might be exploitable for the design of combinatorial therapeutic approaches, targeting Nrf2 in various diseases."--Pages vi-vii.
Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor that regulates a battery of downstream genes that contain the antioxidant response element (ARE) in their promoter regions, including intracellular redox-balancing proteins, phase II detoxifying enzymes, and transporters. These Nrf2-dependent proteins work in collaboration to protect against many diseases where oxidative stress plays an essential role in disease onset and progression. Consequently, it is imperative to understand the basic molecular mechanisms of how Nrf2 is regulated so that this pathway can be targeted for disease prevention and treatment. Nrf2 is mainly regulated at the protein level by the ubiquitin proteasome system. Under basal conditions Nrf2 is constantly ubiquitinated by the Keap1-Cul3-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and subsequently degraded by the 26S proteasome. Currently, regulation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway by ubiquitination is largely understood. However, other mechanism responsible for modulating Nrf2-ARE signal remains to be explored. This dissertation identifies three molecular mechanisms that are important in understanding how the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is regulated: (i) In Chapter 2, KPNA6 was identified and characterized as a negative regulatory mechanism of the Nrf2 pathway, which mediates Keap1 nuclear import and represses the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response at post-induction phase. (ii) In Chapter 3, I identified PARP-1 as a new transcription co-activator of Nrf2, which augments ARE-specific DNA binding of Nrf2 and enhances the transcription of Nrf2 target genes. This indicates a novel function of PARP-1 and reveals another layer of regulation of Nrf2. (iii) In Chapter 4, I demonstrated that XBP1 and SYVN1 are involved in regulating the Nrf2 pathway in a Keap1-independent mechanism. During ER stress, XBP1s upregulates transcription of SYVN1, which is an ubiquitin E3 ligase. SYVN1 accelerates the clearance of Nrf2 protein through promoting ubiquitination of Nrf2, and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Moreover, we observed an inverse correlation between XBP1s/SYVN1 and Nrf2 expression in the end stage alcoholic cirrhosis liver samples, implying a pathological role of ER stress-oxidative stress crosstalk. Taken together, these findings further our understanding of how the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is regulated, providing novel targets of chemoprevention or chemotherapy.
Book Synopsis Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Nrf2: Novel Mechanisms Beyond Keap1 by : Tongde Wu
Download or read book Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Nrf2: Novel Mechanisms Beyond Keap1 written by Tongde Wu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor that regulates a battery of downstream genes that contain the antioxidant response element (ARE) in their promoter regions, including intracellular redox-balancing proteins, phase II detoxifying enzymes, and transporters. These Nrf2-dependent proteins work in collaboration to protect against many diseases where oxidative stress plays an essential role in disease onset and progression. Consequently, it is imperative to understand the basic molecular mechanisms of how Nrf2 is regulated so that this pathway can be targeted for disease prevention and treatment. Nrf2 is mainly regulated at the protein level by the ubiquitin proteasome system. Under basal conditions Nrf2 is constantly ubiquitinated by the Keap1-Cul3-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and subsequently degraded by the 26S proteasome. Currently, regulation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway by ubiquitination is largely understood. However, other mechanism responsible for modulating Nrf2-ARE signal remains to be explored. This dissertation identifies three molecular mechanisms that are important in understanding how the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is regulated: (i) In Chapter 2, KPNA6 was identified and characterized as a negative regulatory mechanism of the Nrf2 pathway, which mediates Keap1 nuclear import and represses the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response at post-induction phase. (ii) In Chapter 3, I identified PARP-1 as a new transcription co-activator of Nrf2, which augments ARE-specific DNA binding of Nrf2 and enhances the transcription of Nrf2 target genes. This indicates a novel function of PARP-1 and reveals another layer of regulation of Nrf2. (iii) In Chapter 4, I demonstrated that XBP1 and SYVN1 are involved in regulating the Nrf2 pathway in a Keap1-independent mechanism. During ER stress, XBP1s upregulates transcription of SYVN1, which is an ubiquitin E3 ligase. SYVN1 accelerates the clearance of Nrf2 protein through promoting ubiquitination of Nrf2, and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Moreover, we observed an inverse correlation between XBP1s/SYVN1 and Nrf2 expression in the end stage alcoholic cirrhosis liver samples, implying a pathological role of ER stress-oxidative stress crosstalk. Taken together, these findings further our understanding of how the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is regulated, providing novel targets of chemoprevention or chemotherapy.
Kidney disease is a complex health problem, often coinciding with cardiovascular pathology (e.g. hypertension) and metabolic disturbances (e.g. obesity and diabetes). It is also a disturbingly fast growing global public health problem, e.g. chronic kidney disease affects an estimated ~9-16% of the population. Besides the public health issues this results in a large economic burden as kidney diseases contributes disproportionally to about a quarter of total health care costs. Experimental and clinical data solidly support the view that kidney tissue hypoxia plays a critical and intricate role during the genesis and progression of both chronic and acute kidney diseases. This research field is currently at the very beginning of integrating pre-clinical with clinical research in which hypoxia related mechanism are quantified by non-invasive imaging. In combination with the fact that some key questions remain unanswered, this offers exciting new research perspectives that are waiting to be explored. With this Research Topic we aim to discuss and find answers to the following research question: 1) What are the temporal relationships between hypoxia and kidney disease? 2) Can we demonstration causation between hypoxia and kidney disease? 3) Can renal hypoxia be considered as a treatment target in kidney disease? 4) Can hypoxia (e.g. in the urine) be considered a biomarker of kidney disease? 5) Does hypoxia ramp-up sympathetic activity? 6) Does hypoxia trigger inflammation? 7) Is hypoxia caused by changes in sodium reabsorption and/or mitochondrial function? 8) Which molecular mechanisms are involved in hypoxia in kidney disease? 9) Which gene expressions change due to hypoxia in kidney disease? 10) Can we generate new and translational insights using non-invasive imaging technologies? Our overall aim is identify the mediators/controllers of hypoxia in kidney disease. If we understand more about the sequence of events leading to hypoxia, its regulation and consequences in renal disease, we might be able to have a major impact in clinical practice. I.e. more accurate and earlier diagnosis, novel treatment targets, and novel therapies.
Book Synopsis Hypoxia in Kidney Disease by :
Download or read book Hypoxia in Kidney Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kidney disease is a complex health problem, often coinciding with cardiovascular pathology (e.g. hypertension) and metabolic disturbances (e.g. obesity and diabetes). It is also a disturbingly fast growing global public health problem, e.g. chronic kidney disease affects an estimated ~9-16% of the population. Besides the public health issues this results in a large economic burden as kidney diseases contributes disproportionally to about a quarter of total health care costs. Experimental and clinical data solidly support the view that kidney tissue hypoxia plays a critical and intricate role during the genesis and progression of both chronic and acute kidney diseases. This research field is currently at the very beginning of integrating pre-clinical with clinical research in which hypoxia related mechanism are quantified by non-invasive imaging. In combination with the fact that some key questions remain unanswered, this offers exciting new research perspectives that are waiting to be explored. With this Research Topic we aim to discuss and find answers to the following research question: 1) What are the temporal relationships between hypoxia and kidney disease? 2) Can we demonstration causation between hypoxia and kidney disease? 3) Can renal hypoxia be considered as a treatment target in kidney disease? 4) Can hypoxia (e.g. in the urine) be considered a biomarker of kidney disease? 5) Does hypoxia ramp-up sympathetic activity? 6) Does hypoxia trigger inflammation? 7) Is hypoxia caused by changes in sodium reabsorption and/or mitochondrial function? 8) Which molecular mechanisms are involved in hypoxia in kidney disease? 9) Which gene expressions change due to hypoxia in kidney disease? 10) Can we generate new and translational insights using non-invasive imaging technologies? Our overall aim is identify the mediators/controllers of hypoxia in kidney disease. If we understand more about the sequence of events leading to hypoxia, its regulation and consequences in renal disease, we might be able to have a major impact in clinical practice. I.e. more accurate and earlier diagnosis, novel treatment targets, and novel therapies.
A state-of-the art collection of readily reproducible laboratory methods for assessing chemosensitivity in vitro and in vivo, and for assessing the parameters that modulate chemosensitivity in individual tumors. Chemosensitivity, Volume 1: In Vitro Assays provides a panel of 16 in vitro measures of chemosensitivity in adherent and non-adherent cells for single agents and combinations of agents. In addition to immunohistochemical and imaging approaches, these assays include clonogenic, colorimetric, fluorometric, and physiological assays. Highlights include image analysis to assess drug sensitivity, high throughput approaches using green fluorescent protein, DIMSCAN (a microcomputer fluorescence-based assay), and the ChemoFx assay used in biotechnology. A companion volume, Volume 2: In Vivo Models, Imaging, and Molecular Regulators, provides protocols for classifying tumors into response categories and customizing chemotherapy regimens to individual patients.
Book Synopsis Chemosensitivity by : Rosalyn D. Blumenthal
Download or read book Chemosensitivity written by Rosalyn D. Blumenthal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the art collection of readily reproducible laboratory methods for assessing chemosensitivity in vitro and in vivo, and for assessing the parameters that modulate chemosensitivity in individual tumors. Chemosensitivity, Volume 1: In Vitro Assays provides a panel of 16 in vitro measures of chemosensitivity in adherent and non-adherent cells for single agents and combinations of agents. In addition to immunohistochemical and imaging approaches, these assays include clonogenic, colorimetric, fluorometric, and physiological assays. Highlights include image analysis to assess drug sensitivity, high throughput approaches using green fluorescent protein, DIMSCAN (a microcomputer fluorescence-based assay), and the ChemoFx assay used in biotechnology. A companion volume, Volume 2: In Vivo Models, Imaging, and Molecular Regulators, provides protocols for classifying tumors into response categories and customizing chemotherapy regimens to individual patients.
Natural Bioactive Compounds: Technological Advancements deals with the latest breakthroughs in the field of screening, characterization and novel applications of natural bioactive compounds from diverse group of organisms ranging from bacteria, viruses, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, bryophytes, higher plants, sponges, corals and fishes. Written by some of the most reputed scientists in the field, this book introduces the reader to strategies and methods in the search for bioactive natural products. It is an essential read for researchers and students interested in bioactive natural products, their biological and pharmacological properties, their possible use as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents, and other future potential applications. Explores natural sources of bioactive compounds, including cyanobacteria, bacteria, viruses, fungi and higher plants Discusses the potential applications of biological products, such as their use in medicine (antibiotics, cancer research, immunology), as food additives, supplements and technological substances Analyzes the contributions of emerging or developing technologies for the study of bioactive natural compounds (characterization and purification)
Book Synopsis Natural Bioactive Compounds by : Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Download or read book Natural Bioactive Compounds written by Rajeshwar P. Sinha and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Bioactive Compounds: Technological Advancements deals with the latest breakthroughs in the field of screening, characterization and novel applications of natural bioactive compounds from diverse group of organisms ranging from bacteria, viruses, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, bryophytes, higher plants, sponges, corals and fishes. Written by some of the most reputed scientists in the field, this book introduces the reader to strategies and methods in the search for bioactive natural products. It is an essential read for researchers and students interested in bioactive natural products, their biological and pharmacological properties, their possible use as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents, and other future potential applications. Explores natural sources of bioactive compounds, including cyanobacteria, bacteria, viruses, fungi and higher plants Discusses the potential applications of biological products, such as their use in medicine (antibiotics, cancer research, immunology), as food additives, supplements and technological substances Analyzes the contributions of emerging or developing technologies for the study of bioactive natural compounds (characterization and purification)
Due to that at present, the majority of diseases are associated with alterations in oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, and in that Nrf-2 is a modulator of these processes; knowing how this transcriptional factor functions and is regulated opens a therapeutic window to diverse diseases. Therefore, the efforts of various investigation groups are centered on finding activators and/or inhibitors of Nrf-2 to prevent or control diverse diseases, for example, cancer, where it would be important to regulate Nrf-2 in order for it to activate apoptosis pathways in cancerogenous cells, or in neurodegenerative diseases where cell death is predominant, it would be important for Nrf-2 to activate antiapoptotic pathways.
Book Synopsis A Master Regulator of Oxidative StressThe Transcription Factor Nrf2 by : Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez
Download or read book A Master Regulator of Oxidative StressThe Transcription Factor Nrf2 written by Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-12-21 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to that at present, the majority of diseases are associated with alterations in oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, and in that Nrf-2 is a modulator of these processes; knowing how this transcriptional factor functions and is regulated opens a therapeutic window to diverse diseases. Therefore, the efforts of various investigation groups are centered on finding activators and/or inhibitors of Nrf-2 to prevent or control diverse diseases, for example, cancer, where it would be important to regulate Nrf-2 in order for it to activate apoptosis pathways in cancerogenous cells, or in neurodegenerative diseases where cell death is predominant, it would be important for Nrf-2 to activate antiapoptotic pathways.
The past and future of inflammatory pharmacology research: a hot topic in health and disease Inflammation is a physiological response to a traumatic injury, bacterial, or viral infection. However, if not appropriately controlled, it contributes to a long list of diseases, including asthma, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, and cancer. Different are the types of inflammatory responses. Acute inflammation is an immediate body response to the cellular damage induced by pathogens, noxious stimuli, or physical injury – it is a short-term response resulting in healing via time-dependent changes of leukocyte functions. First, a leukocytes infiltration happens within the damaged region with the purpose of eliminating the stimulus and repairing the tissue. Chronic inflammation, by contrast, is a prolonged and dysregulated response where the active inflammation contributes both to tissue destruction and to the development of many chronic human conditions and diseases. In the context of exaggerated inflammation, which occurs as a consequence of severe burns or trauma, the body response called sepsis can be associated with fatal outcome. Increased knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms taking part in the different types of inflammation is a central requirement to develop more effective and safer treatments. This is a necessary step to prevent potential severe consequences, i.e., organ failure associated with tissue fibrosis. The mission of Inflammation Pharmacology (section of Frontiers in Pharmacology) is to publish scientifically sound studies that advance our knowledge on different aspects of inflammation and contribute to the development of more effective and safer anti-inflammatory agents. Within the present eBook are collected the top articles published in the Inflammation Pharmacology section in the last 10 years. Some articles explored the roles played by different lipid mediators generated from arachidonic acid, including leukotrienes and prostanoids [such as prostacylin and prostaglandin(PG)F2a], in inflammatory conditions. Moreover, the protectin (PD) family of specialized pro-resolving mediators biosynthesized from the two omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n–3 docosapentaenoic acid (n–3 DPA) were described for their biological effects, the G-coupled protein receptors pharmacology, biosynthesis, and medicinal chemistry. Some other articles focused on the development of novel strategies to counteract inflammation or to induce its resolution. The current concepts and controversies on classification, pathogenesis, and clinical management of cutaneous adverse events induced by biologic agents used in the treatment of rheumatologic conditions were discussed in another article. The whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing data identifying new and old loci associated with atherosclerosis will lead to discovering new molecular targets for blocking atherosclerosis even in its early stages. This critical issue was reviewed in another paper. Numerous information on an individual clinical condition is held in their platelet-derived microparticles (MPs); the assessment of their number and size together with their content can represent the signature to acquire diagnostic information and to monitor the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Some other articles discussed the role of fibroblasts in the development of fibrosis and potential therapies under investigation. It was enlightened the role of the activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into contractile, matrix-producing myofibroblasts (MFBs) as central events in hepatic fibrogenesis, and summarized the current strategies for targeted delivery of drugs to pro-fibrogenic liver cells, including the development of therapeutics specifically targeting HSCs. (Continued in eBook)
Book Synopsis 10 Years of Inflammation Pharmacology by : Paola Patrignani
Download or read book 10 Years of Inflammation Pharmacology written by Paola Patrignani and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past and future of inflammatory pharmacology research: a hot topic in health and disease Inflammation is a physiological response to a traumatic injury, bacterial, or viral infection. However, if not appropriately controlled, it contributes to a long list of diseases, including asthma, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, and cancer. Different are the types of inflammatory responses. Acute inflammation is an immediate body response to the cellular damage induced by pathogens, noxious stimuli, or physical injury – it is a short-term response resulting in healing via time-dependent changes of leukocyte functions. First, a leukocytes infiltration happens within the damaged region with the purpose of eliminating the stimulus and repairing the tissue. Chronic inflammation, by contrast, is a prolonged and dysregulated response where the active inflammation contributes both to tissue destruction and to the development of many chronic human conditions and diseases. In the context of exaggerated inflammation, which occurs as a consequence of severe burns or trauma, the body response called sepsis can be associated with fatal outcome. Increased knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms taking part in the different types of inflammation is a central requirement to develop more effective and safer treatments. This is a necessary step to prevent potential severe consequences, i.e., organ failure associated with tissue fibrosis. The mission of Inflammation Pharmacology (section of Frontiers in Pharmacology) is to publish scientifically sound studies that advance our knowledge on different aspects of inflammation and contribute to the development of more effective and safer anti-inflammatory agents. Within the present eBook are collected the top articles published in the Inflammation Pharmacology section in the last 10 years. Some articles explored the roles played by different lipid mediators generated from arachidonic acid, including leukotrienes and prostanoids [such as prostacylin and prostaglandin(PG)F2a], in inflammatory conditions. Moreover, the protectin (PD) family of specialized pro-resolving mediators biosynthesized from the two omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n–3 docosapentaenoic acid (n–3 DPA) were described for their biological effects, the G-coupled protein receptors pharmacology, biosynthesis, and medicinal chemistry. Some other articles focused on the development of novel strategies to counteract inflammation or to induce its resolution. The current concepts and controversies on classification, pathogenesis, and clinical management of cutaneous adverse events induced by biologic agents used in the treatment of rheumatologic conditions were discussed in another article. The whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing data identifying new and old loci associated with atherosclerosis will lead to discovering new molecular targets for blocking atherosclerosis even in its early stages. This critical issue was reviewed in another paper. Numerous information on an individual clinical condition is held in their platelet-derived microparticles (MPs); the assessment of their number and size together with their content can represent the signature to acquire diagnostic information and to monitor the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Some other articles discussed the role of fibroblasts in the development of fibrosis and potential therapies under investigation. It was enlightened the role of the activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into contractile, matrix-producing myofibroblasts (MFBs) as central events in hepatic fibrogenesis, and summarized the current strategies for targeted delivery of drugs to pro-fibrogenic liver cells, including the development of therapeutics specifically targeting HSCs. (Continued in eBook)
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
The book starts with the editors' preface summarizing the contributions of each of the following thirteen articles dealing with chemical and pharmacological aspects of the molecular modulators of the oxidative stress in regard to various therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. The seven articles present data from original research studies enlightening the roles and mechanisms of action of small molecular weight compounds (natural and synthetic; ascorbic acid/vitamin C, deferoxamine, N-acetylcysteine, MitoVitE, α-tocopherol, trolox, and ezetimibe) or proteins (SIRT3) in modulation of oxidative stress. In the six review papers, the authors present and discuss the possible therapeutic potential of novel approaches and compounds that are promising and deserve further investigation, in modulation of oxidative stress.
Book Synopsis Modulators of Oxidative Stress by : Hande Gurer-Orhan
Download or read book Modulators of Oxidative Stress written by Hande Gurer-Orhan and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-03 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book starts with the editors' preface summarizing the contributions of each of the following thirteen articles dealing with chemical and pharmacological aspects of the molecular modulators of the oxidative stress in regard to various therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. The seven articles present data from original research studies enlightening the roles and mechanisms of action of small molecular weight compounds (natural and synthetic; ascorbic acid/vitamin C, deferoxamine, N-acetylcysteine, MitoVitE, α-tocopherol, trolox, and ezetimibe) or proteins (SIRT3) in modulation of oxidative stress. In the six review papers, the authors present and discuss the possible therapeutic potential of novel approaches and compounds that are promising and deserve further investigation, in modulation of oxidative stress.