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Rational Responses to Risks

Author: Paul Weirich

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2020-07-10

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13: 0190089423

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Good decisions account for risks. For example, the risk of an accident while driving in the rain makes a reasonable driver decide to slow down. While risk is a large topic in theoretical disciplines such as economics and psychology, as well as in practical disciplines such as medicine and finance, philosophy has a unique contribution to make in developing a normative theory of risk that states what risk is, and to what extent our responses to it are rational. Weirich here develops a philosophical theory of the rationality of responses to risk. He first distinguishes two types of risk: first, a chance of a bad event, and second, an act's risk in relation to its possible outcomes. He argues that this distinction has normative significance in the sense that one's attitudes towards these types of risks - and how one acts on them - are governed by different general principles of rationality. Consequently, a comprehensive account of risk must not only characterize rational responses to risk but also explain why these responses are rational. Weirich explains how, for a rational ideal agent, the expected utilities of the acts available in a decision problem explain the agent's preferences among the acts. As a result, maximizing expected utility is just following preferences among the acts. His view takes an act's expected utility, not just as a feature of a representation of preferences among acts, but also as a factor in the explanation of preferences among acts. The book's precise formulation of general standards of rationality for attitudes and for acts, and its rigorous argumentation for these standards, make it philosophical; but while mainly of interest to philosophers, its broader arguments will contribute to the conceptual foundations of studies of risk in all disciplines that study it.

Book Synopsis Rational Responses to Risks by : Paul Weirich

Download or read book Rational Responses to Risks written by Paul Weirich and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good decisions account for risks. For example, the risk of an accident while driving in the rain makes a reasonable driver decide to slow down. While risk is a large topic in theoretical disciplines such as economics and psychology, as well as in practical disciplines such as medicine and finance, philosophy has a unique contribution to make in developing a normative theory of risk that states what risk is, and to what extent our responses to it are rational. Weirich here develops a philosophical theory of the rationality of responses to risk. He first distinguishes two types of risk: first, a chance of a bad event, and second, an act's risk in relation to its possible outcomes. He argues that this distinction has normative significance in the sense that one's attitudes towards these types of risks - and how one acts on them - are governed by different general principles of rationality. Consequently, a comprehensive account of risk must not only characterize rational responses to risk but also explain why these responses are rational. Weirich explains how, for a rational ideal agent, the expected utilities of the acts available in a decision problem explain the agent's preferences among the acts. As a result, maximizing expected utility is just following preferences among the acts. His view takes an act's expected utility, not just as a feature of a representation of preferences among acts, but also as a factor in the explanation of preferences among acts. The book's precise formulation of general standards of rationality for attitudes and for acts, and its rigorous argumentation for these standards, make it philosophical; but while mainly of interest to philosophers, its broader arguments will contribute to the conceptual foundations of studies of risk in all disciplines that study it.

A Selection of Leading Cases, on Various Branches of the Law

Author: John William Smith

Publisher:

Published: 1872

Total Pages: 692

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis A Selection of Leading Cases, on Various Branches of the Law by : John William Smith

Download or read book A Selection of Leading Cases, on Various Branches of the Law written by John William Smith and published by . This book was released on 1872 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Running Risks

Author: Angella Issajenko

Publisher:

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 252

ISBN-13: 9780771591204

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Book Synopsis Running Risks by : Angella Issajenko

Download or read book Running Risks written by Angella Issajenko and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Of Risks and Normative Responses

Author: Christina Anikó Simmig

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-10-25

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 3031411048

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Disaster losses in the context of natural hazards continue to rise, despite a growing understanding of disaster risks and measures to reduce them. One obstacle to enhancing private and public disaster risk reduction is the influence of the distorted risk perception of laypeople. The book argues for the necessity of public regulations and explores means to mitigate the consequences of such distorted risk perception through legal measures and adjustments to political decision-making in Council of Europe member states, while respecting the value of autonomy and democratic principles. In terms of collective decision-making, the book advocates for the implementation of deliberative fora in the democratic decision-making process to mitigate the influence of distorted risk perception associated with natural hazards. Additionally, the book discusses a range of disaster risk reducing measures that member states may lawfully implement to protect individuals and communities from the consequences of distorted risk perceptions related to common natural hazards. To underscore the merits of strengthening disaster risk reduction from the bottom-up, this book demonstrates how fundamental rights and democratic values impede attempts to increase DRR from the top-down, even in cases where people's risk perceptions are distorted. In doing so, the book addresses the issue of disaster risk reduction in a novel way by exposing how legal and political barriers to disaster loss reduction can be overcome by giving higher priority to mitigating distorted risk perceptions.

Book Synopsis Of Risks and Normative Responses by : Christina Anikó Simmig

Download or read book Of Risks and Normative Responses written by Christina Anikó Simmig and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-25 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disaster losses in the context of natural hazards continue to rise, despite a growing understanding of disaster risks and measures to reduce them. One obstacle to enhancing private and public disaster risk reduction is the influence of the distorted risk perception of laypeople. The book argues for the necessity of public regulations and explores means to mitigate the consequences of such distorted risk perception through legal measures and adjustments to political decision-making in Council of Europe member states, while respecting the value of autonomy and democratic principles. In terms of collective decision-making, the book advocates for the implementation of deliberative fora in the democratic decision-making process to mitigate the influence of distorted risk perception associated with natural hazards. Additionally, the book discusses a range of disaster risk reducing measures that member states may lawfully implement to protect individuals and communities from the consequences of distorted risk perceptions related to common natural hazards. To underscore the merits of strengthening disaster risk reduction from the bottom-up, this book demonstrates how fundamental rights and democratic values impede attempts to increase DRR from the top-down, even in cases where people's risk perceptions are distorted. In doing so, the book addresses the issue of disaster risk reduction in a novel way by exposing how legal and political barriers to disaster loss reduction can be overcome by giving higher priority to mitigating distorted risk perceptions.

Managing Risks in the Railway System

Author: Konstantinos Tzanakakis

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-01-23

Total Pages: 197

ISBN-13: 3030662667

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This book offers a comprehensive and practice-oriented guide to risk management, with a special emphasis on the physical and environmental risks related to the operations of railway systems. It is intended to provide a roadmap for managing the risk by controlling safety. Starting with a concise historical introduction and by presenting basic concepts of risk management, the book describes in turn the railway systems and their complexity. Then, it goes in depth into the process of risk management, describing the main elements, from risk identification, analysis and assessment to risk monitoring and communication. Different risk assessment techniques are reviewed in detail, and the main components of a risk management plan are presented. The book concludes with an introduction to health risk management, describing strategies for performing health risk assessments for staff in safety-critical positions. Based on the conviction that controlling safety is the main strategy in managing risk, and on the fact that the systems we would like to control are complex ones, this book provides transport and safety engineers with the necessary knowledge to effectively managing the risks of the railway system.

Book Synopsis Managing Risks in the Railway System by : Konstantinos Tzanakakis

Download or read book Managing Risks in the Railway System written by Konstantinos Tzanakakis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-23 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive and practice-oriented guide to risk management, with a special emphasis on the physical and environmental risks related to the operations of railway systems. It is intended to provide a roadmap for managing the risk by controlling safety. Starting with a concise historical introduction and by presenting basic concepts of risk management, the book describes in turn the railway systems and their complexity. Then, it goes in depth into the process of risk management, describing the main elements, from risk identification, analysis and assessment to risk monitoring and communication. Different risk assessment techniques are reviewed in detail, and the main components of a risk management plan are presented. The book concludes with an introduction to health risk management, describing strategies for performing health risk assessments for staff in safety-critical positions. Based on the conviction that controlling safety is the main strategy in managing risk, and on the fact that the systems we would like to control are complex ones, this book provides transport and safety engineers with the necessary knowledge to effectively managing the risks of the railway system.

Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents

Author: James Reason

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2016-01-29

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 1134855354

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Major accidents are rare events due to the many barriers, safeguards and defences developed by modern technologies. But they continue to happen with saddening regularity and their human and financial consequences are all too often unacceptably catastrophic. One of the greatest challenges we face is to develop more effective ways of both understanding and limiting their occurrence. This lucid book presents a set of common principles to further our knowledge of the causes of major accidents in a wide variety of high-technology systems. It also describes tools and techniques for managing the risks of such organizational accidents that go beyond those currently available to system managers and safety professionals. James Reason deals comprehensively with the prevention of major accidents arising from human and organizational causes. He argues that the same general principles and management techniques are appropriate for many different domains. These include banks and insurance companies just as much as nuclear power plants, oil exploration and production companies, chemical process installations and air, sea and rail transport. Its unique combination of principles and practicalities make this seminal book essential reading for all whose daily business is to manage, audit and regulate hazardous technologies of all kinds. It is relevant to those concerned with understanding and controlling human and organizational factors and will also interest academic readers and those working in industrial and government agencies.

Book Synopsis Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents by : James Reason

Download or read book Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents written by James Reason and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-29 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major accidents are rare events due to the many barriers, safeguards and defences developed by modern technologies. But they continue to happen with saddening regularity and their human and financial consequences are all too often unacceptably catastrophic. One of the greatest challenges we face is to develop more effective ways of both understanding and limiting their occurrence. This lucid book presents a set of common principles to further our knowledge of the causes of major accidents in a wide variety of high-technology systems. It also describes tools and techniques for managing the risks of such organizational accidents that go beyond those currently available to system managers and safety professionals. James Reason deals comprehensively with the prevention of major accidents arising from human and organizational causes. He argues that the same general principles and management techniques are appropriate for many different domains. These include banks and insurance companies just as much as nuclear power plants, oil exploration and production companies, chemical process installations and air, sea and rail transport. Its unique combination of principles and practicalities make this seminal book essential reading for all whose daily business is to manage, audit and regulate hazardous technologies of all kinds. It is relevant to those concerned with understanding and controlling human and organizational factors and will also interest academic readers and those working in industrial and government agencies.

Future Risks and Risk Management

Author: B. Brehmer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13: 9401583889

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Future Risks and Risk Management provides a broad perspective on risk, including basic philosophical issues concerned with values, psychological issues, such as the perception of risk, the factors that generate risks in current and future technological and social systems, including both technical and organizational factors. No other volume adopts this broad perspective. Future Risks and Risk Management will be useful in a variety of contexts, both for teaching and as a source book for the risk professional needing to be informed of the broader issues in the field.

Book Synopsis Future Risks and Risk Management by : B. Brehmer

Download or read book Future Risks and Risk Management written by B. Brehmer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future Risks and Risk Management provides a broad perspective on risk, including basic philosophical issues concerned with values, psychological issues, such as the perception of risk, the factors that generate risks in current and future technological and social systems, including both technical and organizational factors. No other volume adopts this broad perspective. Future Risks and Risk Management will be useful in a variety of contexts, both for teaching and as a source book for the risk professional needing to be informed of the broader issues in the field.

Women Taking Risks in Contemporary Autobiographical Narratives

Author: Kenneth Reeds

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Published: 2013-10-03

Total Pages: 231

ISBN-13: 1443853291

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Women Taking Risks in Contemporary Autobiographical Narratives explores the nature and effects of risk in self-narrative representations of life events, and is an early step towards confronting the dearth of analysis on this subject. The collection focuses on risk-taking as one of women’s articulations of authorial agency displayed in literary, testimonial, photographic, travel and film documentary forms of autobiographical expression in French. Among many themes, the book fosters discussion on matters of courage, strength, resilience, freedom, self-fulfillment, political engagement, compassion, faith, and the envisioning of unconventional alliances that follow a woman’s stepping out of her comfort zone. The fourteen essays included in this collection discuss works of women authors from North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, France and the Caribbean. They exemplify a variety of self-narratives that blur unified conceptualizations of both identity and national belonging. They address questions about women writers’ attitudes towards risk and their willingness to change the status quo. They also explore the many personal and public forms in which agency manifests through risk-taking engagements; the ways in which women challenge the conventional wisdom about feminine reserve and aversion to danger; the multiplicity of seen and unforeseen consequences of risk taking; the all-too-frequent lack of recognition of female courage; the overcoming of obstacles by taking risks; and, frequently, the amelioration of women’s lives. Addressing both the broader context of the study of risk and the more specific areas of female expression and autobiography in Francophone cultures, this collection is attractive to a diverse audience with the potential to cross disciplines and inform a wide body of research. A number of the essays deal with issues born in postcolonial circumstances. This examination of the elucidation of marginalized voices should prove enlightening to an array of scholars researching specific ethnic, sexual, gender, and general subjects related to identity. In making inroads towards expanding the well-developed area of risk studies into the humanities, this collection makes an important contribution that has the potential to promote a variety of cross-disciplinary research including examinations of the psychology and sociology behind chauvinism, personal expression, and formative experiences.

Book Synopsis Women Taking Risks in Contemporary Autobiographical Narratives by : Kenneth Reeds

Download or read book Women Taking Risks in Contemporary Autobiographical Narratives written by Kenneth Reeds and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2013-10-03 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women Taking Risks in Contemporary Autobiographical Narratives explores the nature and effects of risk in self-narrative representations of life events, and is an early step towards confronting the dearth of analysis on this subject. The collection focuses on risk-taking as one of women’s articulations of authorial agency displayed in literary, testimonial, photographic, travel and film documentary forms of autobiographical expression in French. Among many themes, the book fosters discussion on matters of courage, strength, resilience, freedom, self-fulfillment, political engagement, compassion, faith, and the envisioning of unconventional alliances that follow a woman’s stepping out of her comfort zone. The fourteen essays included in this collection discuss works of women authors from North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, France and the Caribbean. They exemplify a variety of self-narratives that blur unified conceptualizations of both identity and national belonging. They address questions about women writers’ attitudes towards risk and their willingness to change the status quo. They also explore the many personal and public forms in which agency manifests through risk-taking engagements; the ways in which women challenge the conventional wisdom about feminine reserve and aversion to danger; the multiplicity of seen and unforeseen consequences of risk taking; the all-too-frequent lack of recognition of female courage; the overcoming of obstacles by taking risks; and, frequently, the amelioration of women’s lives. Addressing both the broader context of the study of risk and the more specific areas of female expression and autobiography in Francophone cultures, this collection is attractive to a diverse audience with the potential to cross disciplines and inform a wide body of research. A number of the essays deal with issues born in postcolonial circumstances. This examination of the elucidation of marginalized voices should prove enlightening to an array of scholars researching specific ethnic, sexual, gender, and general subjects related to identity. In making inroads towards expanding the well-developed area of risk studies into the humanities, this collection makes an important contribution that has the potential to promote a variety of cross-disciplinary research including examinations of the psychology and sociology behind chauvinism, personal expression, and formative experiences.

Marathon Running: Physiology, Psychology, Nutrition and Training Aspects

Author: Christoph Zinner

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-03-19

Total Pages: 171

ISBN-13: 3319297287

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The book contains recent research about physiology, psychology, nutrition and training aspects of Marathon Running of different age, gender and performance level. The basic knowledge of marathon running with explanations of the physiological and psychological mechanisms induced by marathon training with the associated adaptations and subsequent improved physiological capacities are presented in a reader friendly format for researchers and practitioners. The book includes a full range of useful practical knowledge, as well as trainings principles to guide the reader to run marathon faster. After reading the book the reader is able to develop training plans and owns the knowledge about up-to-date scientific results in the fields of physiology, psychology, nutrition in marathon running.

Book Synopsis Marathon Running: Physiology, Psychology, Nutrition and Training Aspects by : Christoph Zinner

Download or read book Marathon Running: Physiology, Psychology, Nutrition and Training Aspects written by Christoph Zinner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-19 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book contains recent research about physiology, psychology, nutrition and training aspects of Marathon Running of different age, gender and performance level. The basic knowledge of marathon running with explanations of the physiological and psychological mechanisms induced by marathon training with the associated adaptations and subsequent improved physiological capacities are presented in a reader friendly format for researchers and practitioners. The book includes a full range of useful practical knowledge, as well as trainings principles to guide the reader to run marathon faster. After reading the book the reader is able to develop training plans and owns the knowledge about up-to-date scientific results in the fields of physiology, psychology, nutrition in marathon running.

Cyber Security And Supply Chain Management: Risks, Challenges, And Solutions

Author: Steven Carnovale

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2021-05-25

Total Pages: 235

ISBN-13: 9811233136

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What are the cyber vulnerabilities in supply chain management? How can firms manage cyber risk and cyber security challenges in procurement, manufacturing, and logistics?Today it is clear that supply chain is often the core area of a firm's cyber security vulnerability, and its first line of defense. This book brings together several experts from both industry and academia to shine light on this problem, and advocate solutions for firms operating in this new technological landscape.Specific topics addressed in this book include: defining the world of cyber space, understanding the connection between supply chain management and cyber security, the implications of cyber security and supply chain risk management, the 'human factor' in supply chain cyber security, the executive view of cyber security, cyber security considerations in procurement, logistics, and manufacturing among other areas.

Book Synopsis Cyber Security And Supply Chain Management: Risks, Challenges, And Solutions by : Steven Carnovale

Download or read book Cyber Security And Supply Chain Management: Risks, Challenges, And Solutions written by Steven Carnovale and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-05-25 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the cyber vulnerabilities in supply chain management? How can firms manage cyber risk and cyber security challenges in procurement, manufacturing, and logistics?Today it is clear that supply chain is often the core area of a firm's cyber security vulnerability, and its first line of defense. This book brings together several experts from both industry and academia to shine light on this problem, and advocate solutions for firms operating in this new technological landscape.Specific topics addressed in this book include: defining the world of cyber space, understanding the connection between supply chain management and cyber security, the implications of cyber security and supply chain risk management, the 'human factor' in supply chain cyber security, the executive view of cyber security, cyber security considerations in procurement, logistics, and manufacturing among other areas.