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Five hundred miles from mainland Colombia, grassroots resistance, sloppy vacationers, and a muddy history of conquest converge for Verónica, returning after living in Mexico City, ready to understand herself and the place she came from. San Andrés rises gently from the Caribbean, part of Colombia but closer to Nicaragua, the largest island in an archipelago claimed by the Spanish, colonized by the Puritans, worked by slaves, and home to Arab traders, migrants from the mainland, and the descendants of everyone who came before. For Victoria – whose origins on the island go back generations, but whose identity is contested by her accent, her skin colour, her years far away – the sunburnt tourists, sewage blooms, sudden storms, and ‘thinking rundowns’ where liberation is plotted and dinner served from a giant communal pot, bring her into vivid, intimate contact with the island she thought she knew, her own history, and the possibility for a real future for herself and San Andrés.
Book Synopsis Salt Crystals by : Cristina Bendek
Download or read book Salt Crystals written by Cristina Bendek and published by Charco Press. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five hundred miles from mainland Colombia, grassroots resistance, sloppy vacationers, and a muddy history of conquest converge for Verónica, returning after living in Mexico City, ready to understand herself and the place she came from. San Andrés rises gently from the Caribbean, part of Colombia but closer to Nicaragua, the largest island in an archipelago claimed by the Spanish, colonized by the Puritans, worked by slaves, and home to Arab traders, migrants from the mainland, and the descendants of everyone who came before. For Victoria – whose origins on the island go back generations, but whose identity is contested by her accent, her skin colour, her years far away – the sunburnt tourists, sewage blooms, sudden storms, and ‘thinking rundowns’ where liberation is plotted and dinner served from a giant communal pot, bring her into vivid, intimate contact with the island she thought she knew, her own history, and the possibility for a real future for herself and San Andrés.
From crystal structure prediction to totally empirical screening, the quest for new crystal forms has become one of the most challenging issues in the solid state science and particularly in the pharmaceutical world. In this context, multi-component crystalline materials like co-crystals have received renewed interest as they offer the prospect of optimized physical properties. As illustrated in this first book_ entirely dedicated to this emerging class of pharmaceutical compounds_ the outcome of such endeavours into crystal engineering have demonstrated clear impacts on production, marketing and intellectual property protection of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Indeed, co-crystallization influences relevant physico-chemical parameters (such as solubility, dissolution rate, chemical stability, melting point, hygroscopicity, à) and often offers solids with properties superior to those of the free drug. Combining both reports of the latest research and comprehensive overviews of basic principles, with contributions from selected experts in both academia and industry, this unique book is an essential reference, ideal for pharmaceutical development scientists and graduate students in pharmaceutical science.
Book Synopsis Pharmaceutical Salts and Co-crystals by : Johan Wouters
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Salts and Co-crystals written by Johan Wouters and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2011-11-04 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From crystal structure prediction to totally empirical screening, the quest for new crystal forms has become one of the most challenging issues in the solid state science and particularly in the pharmaceutical world. In this context, multi-component crystalline materials like co-crystals have received renewed interest as they offer the prospect of optimized physical properties. As illustrated in this first book_ entirely dedicated to this emerging class of pharmaceutical compounds_ the outcome of such endeavours into crystal engineering have demonstrated clear impacts on production, marketing and intellectual property protection of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Indeed, co-crystallization influences relevant physico-chemical parameters (such as solubility, dissolution rate, chemical stability, melting point, hygroscopicity, à) and often offers solids with properties superior to those of the free drug. Combining both reports of the latest research and comprehensive overviews of basic principles, with contributions from selected experts in both academia and industry, this unique book is an essential reference, ideal for pharmaceutical development scientists and graduate students in pharmaceutical science.
Crystals are made from particles that come together in a pattern. Diamonds and gems are crystals, and so are salt, sugar, and ice! Learn how to make a salt crystal by using basic household materials such as salt, string, and distilled water. Get ready to watch your crystal grow!
Book Synopsis Let's Make a Salt Crystal by : Katie Chanez
Download or read book Let's Make a Salt Crystal written by Katie Chanez and published by Norwood House Press. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystals are made from particles that come together in a pattern. Diamonds and gems are crystals, and so are salt, sugar, and ice! Learn how to make a salt crystal by using basic household materials such as salt, string, and distilled water. Get ready to watch your crystal grow!
The first practical book on how to use salt crystal lamps • Explains the mental and physical benefits of these lamps • Shows where to place them for maximum effectiveness • Discusses how to use them to enhance meditation, relaxation, Reiki, positive thinking, and chakra work Natural salt crystal has been credited with a range of curative powers, from air purification to migraine relief to protection against airborne germs. Mined in the foothills of the Himalayas, where they have absorbed mineral elements that enrich them and imbue them with different colors, salt crystal lamps release healing negative ions into the air when turned on. Like the energizing negative ions released in the natural settings of mountains, waterfalls, or beaches, the negative ions emitted by these lamps increase oxygen flow to the brain, helping to alleviate depression, relieve stress, and boost daytime energy. These ions also naturally counteract the effects of the electromagnetic waves we are bombarded with from appliances like televisions, computers, and air conditioners. Salt crystal lamps have also proved to protect against airborne germs and can reduce the symptoms of allergies, sinus problems, “brain fog,” and insomnia. This book offers in-depth instructions on where to place these lamps in the home for maximum effectiveness, how to choose the optimal color lamp based on its color’s therapeutic benefits, and how to use them to enhance meditation, relaxation, Reiki, positive thinking, and chakra work.
Book Synopsis Himalayan Salt Crystal Lamps by : Clémence Lefèvre
Download or read book Himalayan Salt Crystal Lamps written by Clémence Lefèvre and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first practical book on how to use salt crystal lamps • Explains the mental and physical benefits of these lamps • Shows where to place them for maximum effectiveness • Discusses how to use them to enhance meditation, relaxation, Reiki, positive thinking, and chakra work Natural salt crystal has been credited with a range of curative powers, from air purification to migraine relief to protection against airborne germs. Mined in the foothills of the Himalayas, where they have absorbed mineral elements that enrich them and imbue them with different colors, salt crystal lamps release healing negative ions into the air when turned on. Like the energizing negative ions released in the natural settings of mountains, waterfalls, or beaches, the negative ions emitted by these lamps increase oxygen flow to the brain, helping to alleviate depression, relieve stress, and boost daytime energy. These ions also naturally counteract the effects of the electromagnetic waves we are bombarded with from appliances like televisions, computers, and air conditioners. Salt crystal lamps have also proved to protect against airborne germs and can reduce the symptoms of allergies, sinus problems, “brain fog,” and insomnia. This book offers in-depth instructions on where to place these lamps in the home for maximum effectiveness, how to choose the optimal color lamp based on its color’s therapeutic benefits, and how to use them to enhance meditation, relaxation, Reiki, positive thinking, and chakra work.
Book Synopsis Photomicroscopy of Salt in Petroleum by : Lloyd F. Christianson
Download or read book Photomicroscopy of Salt in Petroleum written by Lloyd F. Christianson and published by . This book was released on 1942 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
The James Beard Award-winning author of Salted presents more than sixty recipes showcasing a range of natural, healthful, hand-crafted salts. Today, our planet is home to hundreds of craft salts, each reflecting its own native ecology and culinary traditions. In terms of flavor, nutrition, and sustainability, these salts are a world apart from your typical iodized, kosher, or even industrially manufactured sea salt. Now salt expert Mark Bitterman offers a master class in craft salt—from rock salt and fleur de sel to the many smoked and infused varieties—in this unique and enlightening cookbook. Mark introduces the different varieties of craft salt with convenient charts that make it easy to find the right salt for the right food. The recipes cover everything from Meat, Poultry, and Seafood to Sweets, Cocktails, and more. You’ll enjoy mouthwatering dishes like Colorado Beef Burgers with Mesquite Smoked Salt; Truffle Salt Smashed Roasted Potatoes; and Salted Latte Ice Cream with Lemon Espresso Drizzle. Plus, Mark’s the tips, techniques, and suggestions will help you elevate your own favorite dishes with the magic of craft salt.
Book Synopsis Bitterman's Craft Salt Cooking by : Mark Bitterman
Download or read book Bitterman's Craft Salt Cooking written by Mark Bitterman and published by Andrews Mcmeel+ORM. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The James Beard Award-winning author of Salted presents more than sixty recipes showcasing a range of natural, healthful, hand-crafted salts. Today, our planet is home to hundreds of craft salts, each reflecting its own native ecology and culinary traditions. In terms of flavor, nutrition, and sustainability, these salts are a world apart from your typical iodized, kosher, or even industrially manufactured sea salt. Now salt expert Mark Bitterman offers a master class in craft salt—from rock salt and fleur de sel to the many smoked and infused varieties—in this unique and enlightening cookbook. Mark introduces the different varieties of craft salt with convenient charts that make it easy to find the right salt for the right food. The recipes cover everything from Meat, Poultry, and Seafood to Sweets, Cocktails, and more. You’ll enjoy mouthwatering dishes like Colorado Beef Burgers with Mesquite Smoked Salt; Truffle Salt Smashed Roasted Potatoes; and Salted Latte Ice Cream with Lemon Espresso Drizzle. Plus, Mark’s the tips, techniques, and suggestions will help you elevate your own favorite dishes with the magic of craft salt.
Book Synopsis Potash Salts and Other Salines in the Great Basin Region by : George Joseph Young
Download or read book Potash Salts and Other Salines in the Great Basin Region written by George Joseph Young and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physical Properties Data for Rock Salt by :
Download or read book Physical Properties Data for Rock Salt written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Understanding how to use salt can make or break a dish. Salt and the Art of Seasoning will not only help you master your use of seasoning, but it will allow you to reimagine how you cook, cure and work with salt in your kitchen – elevating your flavours to a whole new level. Includes over 100 salt-inspired recipes! Salt is extraordinary. A fundamental, ancient resource used for thousands of years around the world, it is the one essential ingredient that transforms all cooking: elevating flavours from good to great, to unforgettable. In this stunning new cookbook, chef, TV presenter, food photographer and sustainable living expert James Strawbridge shares with you the fundamentals of this artisan ingredient: from distinctive flavour notes and profiles of different salts found around the world, to brilliantly useful techniques – such as brining, baking, charring, fermenting and preserving. Inside, you’ll also find: • The Science of Taste • A Salt Sommelier’s Guide • How to measure ‘to taste’ and season correctly • Salt Craft – from curing to blocking to baking • Over 100 recipes – from drinks to desserts Salt and the Art of Seasoning will show you how to choose the right type of salt for the right type of dish, how to add it at the right time and in the right amount. James shares techniques such as using salt to pickle, cure and ferment as well as making your own flavoured or smoked salts to bring out all sorts of previously hidden flavours. James has also crafted salt-inspired recipes to help you use salt in more creative, healthy and delicious ways. Recipes include: • Brined chicken • Cornish salted sardines • European-style sour pickles • Native American cured fish • Kimchi fried rice • 8 essential flavoured salts • Smoked salted butter • Focaccia • Smoked toddy • And more! Salt and the Art of Seasoning takes you on an unforgettable journey exploring salt’s long role in food throughout the world and human history – while teaching you how to best use this fundamental spice tonight to make your meal sing.
Book Synopsis Salt and the Art of Seasoning by : James Strawbridge
Download or read book Salt and the Art of Seasoning written by James Strawbridge and published by Chelsea Green Publishing. This book was released on 2023-05-18 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how to use salt can make or break a dish. Salt and the Art of Seasoning will not only help you master your use of seasoning, but it will allow you to reimagine how you cook, cure and work with salt in your kitchen – elevating your flavours to a whole new level. Includes over 100 salt-inspired recipes! Salt is extraordinary. A fundamental, ancient resource used for thousands of years around the world, it is the one essential ingredient that transforms all cooking: elevating flavours from good to great, to unforgettable. In this stunning new cookbook, chef, TV presenter, food photographer and sustainable living expert James Strawbridge shares with you the fundamentals of this artisan ingredient: from distinctive flavour notes and profiles of different salts found around the world, to brilliantly useful techniques – such as brining, baking, charring, fermenting and preserving. Inside, you’ll also find: • The Science of Taste • A Salt Sommelier’s Guide • How to measure ‘to taste’ and season correctly • Salt Craft – from curing to blocking to baking • Over 100 recipes – from drinks to desserts Salt and the Art of Seasoning will show you how to choose the right type of salt for the right type of dish, how to add it at the right time and in the right amount. James shares techniques such as using salt to pickle, cure and ferment as well as making your own flavoured or smoked salts to bring out all sorts of previously hidden flavours. James has also crafted salt-inspired recipes to help you use salt in more creative, healthy and delicious ways. Recipes include: • Brined chicken • Cornish salted sardines • European-style sour pickles • Native American cured fish • Kimchi fried rice • 8 essential flavoured salts • Smoked salted butter • Focaccia • Smoked toddy • And more! Salt and the Art of Seasoning takes you on an unforgettable journey exploring salt’s long role in food throughout the world and human history – while teaching you how to best use this fundamental spice tonight to make your meal sing.
The contribution of this study to the general body of knowledge is in providing an understanding of the thermodynamic behaviour of soluble salt mixtures in historic buildings located in the tropical marine zone of Tanzania. This tropical zone is found in the eastern part of the country along the Indian Ocean coast. This research is geared towards informing the general public, most of whom believe that salt crystallisation is the main cause of historic buildings deteriorating. This belief emanates from the understanding that historic buildings in a marine environment are highly susceptible to salt crystallisation, more so because they tend to receive daily oceanic spray which contains salt. The problem is aggravated by the encroachment of the ocean on these buildings. Salt crystallisation on these structures is further complicated by air pollution owing to rapid urbanisation in these areas. It is worth noting that salt crystallisation is an extremely complex process and its effect depend on many variables including climate. Ten historic buildings involved in this study are located in three different areas of the country. Eight historic buildings are located in the tropical climate 1 - 200 m from the Indian Ocean, and two historic buildings are located in inland Tanzania 190 km and 589 km from the ocean. These two historic buildings experience a modified tropical climate and semi-arid climate. The criteria for selecting the buildings considered variations and the extent of salt deterioration in different parts of the country.
The main goal of the study was to embark on a detailed analysis of the salt deterioration on Tanzanian historic buildings which has not hitherto been fully investigated and to provide a sustainable solution to the problem through climate control. This solution is needed, since there is no approved conservation programme and as a result of existing government budgetary constraints, very little conservation research has been done on any site or monuments except those registered under UNESCO. The research results of this project contributes to solving the existing monument research gap, thereby stimulating the initiation of a sustainable restoration programme, together with the provision of the much needed government research tools. This research provides information on the type of construction and building materials used during the construction of these buildings. Such information is vital in salt analysis and in futurerestoration, conservation and consolidation of these buildings, which provides a substantial income to the country through the tourist industry. There are also other factors like the preservation of the history and culture of the country and job creation.
The abundance of chloride (Cl-) ions of magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), and potasium (K+) in these buildings as identified by this study explains the survival of the historic buildings in the tropical marine areas of Tanzania. These ions can lead to the formation of halite (NaCl), sylvite (KCl), bischofite (MgCl2•6H2O), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and antarcticite (CaCl2•6H2O), depending on their presence and quantity in the walls of historic buildings. The results of ECOS/RUNSALT program indicate that salt is not the major problem because the major ions hitherto detected form salts like halite and sylvite, are mostly in liquid form. Under a high evaporation rate these salts easily migrate to the surface of the building’s walls whereby a supersaturated solution is formed leading to surface crystallisation. The surface crystallisation is evident in salt profile analysis by photospectrometry, whereby the quantity of soluble salt ions decreases with depth. The detachment of protective rendering, the peeling off of paint and efflorescence in the investigated historic buildings in tropical marine areas of Tanzania is evidence of surface crystallisation. Mirabilite (Na2SO4•10H2O), gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) and epsomite (MgSO4•7H2O) can crystallize in tropical areas. The SO42- and NO3- ions detected in these buildings are so scanty as not to cause ionic interactions needed for the formation of destructive sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) except in the Cooperation Building where SO42- is as high as 1.8 % w/w. However, this is not a trivial problem and should not be ignored, especially because of the destructive nature of Na2SO4 and the increase in air pollution.
Laboratory simulation of the three environmental conditions using two salts, Na2SO4 and NaCl, provided similar results on the exposure of lime mortar samples in 50% Relative Humidity (RH) and 20oC; 75% RH and 28oC and 85% RH and 28oC. Samples exposed to 85% RH and 28oC in a controlled environment showed enormous deterioration due to crystallisation of Na2SO4.
Subsequently, NaCl is the major salt and is always in the solution. Reducing this salt is necessary to avoid associated damage like the formation of microorganisms. Thehygroscopic nature of NaCl retards the drying of materials, hence keeping the walls moist all the time, creating a conducive environment for biocolonisation. Routine desalination is necessary to keep the wall dry. In future, Na2SO4 and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) will be a problem. Therefore, the RH within a building located in a tropical marine environment should be protected from frequent RH variations to prevent the damage associated with sulphate salts, that is only if the current trend of air pollution (i.e. an increase of 6% (WHO, 2014)) is mantained or increased.
Book Synopsis Salt Deterioration of Historic Mortars in Tropical Climate: Analysis and Characterisation by : Isabela Wilfred Mtani
Download or read book Salt Deterioration of Historic Mortars in Tropical Climate: Analysis and Characterisation written by Isabela Wilfred Mtani and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contribution of this study to the general body of knowledge is in providing an understanding of the thermodynamic behaviour of soluble salt mixtures in historic buildings located in the tropical marine zone of Tanzania. This tropical zone is found in the eastern part of the country along the Indian Ocean coast. This research is geared towards informing the general public, most of whom believe that salt crystallisation is the main cause of historic buildings deteriorating. This belief emanates from the understanding that historic buildings in a marine environment are highly susceptible to salt crystallisation, more so because they tend to receive daily oceanic spray which contains salt. The problem is aggravated by the encroachment of the ocean on these buildings. Salt crystallisation on these structures is further complicated by air pollution owing to rapid urbanisation in these areas. It is worth noting that salt crystallisation is an extremely complex process and its effect depend on many variables including climate. Ten historic buildings involved in this study are located in three different areas of the country. Eight historic buildings are located in the tropical climate 1 - 200 m from the Indian Ocean, and two historic buildings are located in inland Tanzania 190 km and 589 km from the ocean. These two historic buildings experience a modified tropical climate and semi-arid climate. The criteria for selecting the buildings considered variations and the extent of salt deterioration in different parts of the country.
The main goal of the study was to embark on a detailed analysis of the salt deterioration on Tanzanian historic buildings which has not hitherto been fully investigated and to provide a sustainable solution to the problem through climate control. This solution is needed, since there is no approved conservation programme and as a result of existing government budgetary constraints, very little conservation research has been done on any site or monuments except those registered under UNESCO. The research results of this project contributes to solving the existing monument research gap, thereby stimulating the initiation of a sustainable restoration programme, together with the provision of the much needed government research tools. This research provides information on the type of construction and building materials used during the construction of these buildings. Such information is vital in salt analysis and in futurerestoration, conservation and consolidation of these buildings, which provides a substantial income to the country through the tourist industry. There are also other factors like the preservation of the history and culture of the country and job creation.
The abundance of chloride (Cl-) ions of magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), and potasium (K+) in these buildings as identified by this study explains the survival of the historic buildings in the tropical marine areas of Tanzania. These ions can lead to the formation of halite (NaCl), sylvite (KCl), bischofite (MgCl2•6H2O), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and antarcticite (CaCl2•6H2O), depending on their presence and quantity in the walls of historic buildings. The results of ECOS/RUNSALT program indicate that salt is not the major problem because the major ions hitherto detected form salts like halite and sylvite, are mostly in liquid form. Under a high evaporation rate these salts easily migrate to the surface of the building’s walls whereby a supersaturated solution is formed leading to surface crystallisation. The surface crystallisation is evident in salt profile analysis by photospectrometry, whereby the quantity of soluble salt ions decreases with depth. The detachment of protective rendering, the peeling off of paint and efflorescence in the investigated historic buildings in tropical marine areas of Tanzania is evidence of surface crystallisation. Mirabilite (Na2SO4•10H2O), gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) and epsomite (MgSO4•7H2O) can crystallize in tropical areas. The SO42- and NO3- ions detected in these buildings are so scanty as not to cause ionic interactions needed for the formation of destructive sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) except in the Cooperation Building where SO42- is as high as 1.8 % w/w. However, this is not a trivial problem and should not be ignored, especially because of the destructive nature of Na2SO4 and the increase in air pollution.
Laboratory simulation of the three environmental conditions using two salts, Na2SO4 and NaCl, provided similar results on the exposure of lime mortar samples in 50% Relative Humidity (RH) and 20oC; 75% RH and 28oC and 85% RH and 28oC. Samples exposed to 85% RH and 28oC in a controlled environment showed enormous deterioration due to crystallisation of Na2SO4.
Subsequently, NaCl is the major salt and is always in the solution. Reducing this salt is necessary to avoid associated damage like the formation of microorganisms. Thehygroscopic nature of NaCl retards the drying of materials, hence keeping the walls moist all the time, creating a conducive environment for biocolonisation. Routine desalination is necessary to keep the wall dry. In future, Na2SO4 and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) will be a problem. Therefore, the RH within a building located in a tropical marine environment should be protected from frequent RH variations to prevent the damage associated with sulphate salts, that is only if the current trend of air pollution (i.e. an increase of 6% (WHO, 2014)) is mantained or increased.
