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This comprehensive report discusses, in a generic sense, the scientific and technical basis for the disposal of low and intermediate level waste in near surface repositories. It is based on the experience of Member States with operational disposal facilities and on relevant national and international research and development studies. It focuses on basic principles, approaches, methodologies and technical criteria considered to be important for the design and safe operation of a near surface disposal facility, and for providing a convincing safety case that also covers the periods following repository closure and the end of institutional controls.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Basis for the Near Surface Disposal of Low and Intermediate Level Waste by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Basis for the Near Surface Disposal of Low and Intermediate Level Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive report discusses, in a generic sense, the scientific and technical basis for the disposal of low and intermediate level waste in near surface repositories. It is based on the experience of Member States with operational disposal facilities and on relevant national and international research and development studies. It focuses on basic principles, approaches, methodologies and technical criteria considered to be important for the design and safe operation of a near surface disposal facility, and for providing a convincing safety case that also covers the periods following repository closure and the end of institutional controls.
This Safety Guide provides recommendations on how to meet safety requirements on the disposal of radioactive waste. It is concerned with the disposal of solid radioactive waste by emplacement in designated facilities at or near the land surface. The Safety Guide provides guidance on the development, operation and closure of, and on the regulatory control of, near surface disposal facilities, which are suitable for the disposal of very low level waste and low level waste. The Safety Guide provides guidance on a range of disposal methods, including the emplacement of solid radioactive waste in earthen trenches, in above ground engineered structures, in engineered structures just below the ground surface and in rock caverns, silos and tunnels excavated at depths of up to a few tens of metres underground. It is intended for use primarily by those involved with policy development for, with the regulatory control of, and with the development and operation of near surface disposal facilities.
Book Synopsis Near Surface Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Near Surface Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Safety Guide provides recommendations on how to meet safety requirements on the disposal of radioactive waste. It is concerned with the disposal of solid radioactive waste by emplacement in designated facilities at or near the land surface. The Safety Guide provides guidance on the development, operation and closure of, and on the regulatory control of, near surface disposal facilities, which are suitable for the disposal of very low level waste and low level waste. The Safety Guide provides guidance on a range of disposal methods, including the emplacement of solid radioactive waste in earthen trenches, in above ground engineered structures, in engineered structures just below the ground surface and in rock caverns, silos and tunnels excavated at depths of up to a few tens of metres underground. It is intended for use primarily by those involved with policy development for, with the regulatory control of, and with the development and operation of near surface disposal facilities.
This report sets out the costs of operating disposal sites for LLW in OECD countries, as well as the factors that may affect the costs of sites being developed.
Book Synopsis Low-level Radioactive Waste Repositories by : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
Download or read book Low-level Radioactive Waste Repositories written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report sets out the costs of operating disposal sites for LLW in OECD countries, as well as the factors that may affect the costs of sites being developed.
Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.
Book Synopsis Disposition of High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel by : National Research Council
Download or read book Disposition of High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-05 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.
During the next several years, decisions are expected to be made in several countries on the further development and implementation of the geological disposition option. The Board on Radioactive Waste Management (BRWM) of the U.S. National Academies believes that informed and reasoned discussion of relevant scientific, engineering and social issues can-and should-play a constructive role in the decision process by providing information to decision makers on relevant technical and policy issues. A BRWM-initiated project including a workshop at Irvine, California on November 4-5, 1999, and subsequent National Academies' report to be published in spring, 2000, are intended to provide such information to national policy makers both in the U.S. and abroad. To inform national policies, it is essential that experts from the physical, geological, and engineering sciences, and experts from the policy and social science communities work together. Some national programs have involved social science and policy experts from the beginning, while other programs have only recently recognized the importance of this collaboration. An important goal of the November workshop is to facilitate dialogue between these communities, as well as to encourage the sharing of experiences from many national programs. The workshop steering committee has prepared this discussion for participants at the workshop. It should elicit critical comments and help identify topics requiring in-depth discussion at the workshop. It is not intended as a statement of findings, conclusions, or recommendations. It is rather intended as a vehicle for stimulating dialogue among the workshop participants. Out of that dialogue will emerge the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the National Academies' report.
Book Synopsis Disposition of High-Level Radioactive Waste Through Geological Isolation by : National Research Council
Download or read book Disposition of High-Level Radioactive Waste Through Geological Isolation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-07 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the next several years, decisions are expected to be made in several countries on the further development and implementation of the geological disposition option. The Board on Radioactive Waste Management (BRWM) of the U.S. National Academies believes that informed and reasoned discussion of relevant scientific, engineering and social issues can-and should-play a constructive role in the decision process by providing information to decision makers on relevant technical and policy issues. A BRWM-initiated project including a workshop at Irvine, California on November 4-5, 1999, and subsequent National Academies' report to be published in spring, 2000, are intended to provide such information to national policy makers both in the U.S. and abroad. To inform national policies, it is essential that experts from the physical, geological, and engineering sciences, and experts from the policy and social science communities work together. Some national programs have involved social science and policy experts from the beginning, while other programs have only recently recognized the importance of this collaboration. An important goal of the November workshop is to facilitate dialogue between these communities, as well as to encourage the sharing of experiences from many national programs. The workshop steering committee has prepared this discussion for participants at the workshop. It should elicit critical comments and help identify topics requiring in-depth discussion at the workshop. It is not intended as a statement of findings, conclusions, or recommendations. It is rather intended as a vehicle for stimulating dialogue among the workshop participants. Out of that dialogue will emerge the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the National Academies' report.
This volume discusses the readiness of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) facility near Carlsbad, New Mexico, to serve as a geological repository for transuranic radioactive waste. WIPP is located in a Permian-age bedded salt deposit 658 meters below the surface. The committee has long reviewed DOE's readiness efforts, now aimed at demonstrating compliance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations. Site characterization studies and performance assessment modeling are among the topics considered in this volume.
Book Synopsis The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-11-13 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses the readiness of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) facility near Carlsbad, New Mexico, to serve as a geological repository for transuranic radioactive waste. WIPP is located in a Permian-age bedded salt deposit 658 meters below the surface. The committee has long reviewed DOE's readiness efforts, now aimed at demonstrating compliance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations. Site characterization studies and performance assessment modeling are among the topics considered in this volume.
Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Wastes by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nuclear Wastes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
This report considers a variety of circumstances that may require corrective actions to be assessed or implemented at near surface disposal facilities. The circumstances leading to the corrective actions, or the corrective actions themselves, may be of either a technical or a non-technical nature. Methodologies that can be employed to implement effective solutions to problems are discussed, including assessment of alternative options prior to selecting corrective actions, and the planning, implementation and verification of the specific measures adopted. Examples are provided of approaches and technologies that may be used to improve repository performance and safety. Information is also provided in the Annex on experience in various Member States with the upgrading of disposal facilities.
Book Synopsis Upgrading of Near Surface Repositories for Radioactive Waste by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Upgrading of Near Surface Repositories for Radioactive Waste written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers a variety of circumstances that may require corrective actions to be assessed or implemented at near surface disposal facilities. The circumstances leading to the corrective actions, or the corrective actions themselves, may be of either a technical or a non-technical nature. Methodologies that can be employed to implement effective solutions to problems are discussed, including assessment of alternative options prior to selecting corrective actions, and the planning, implementation and verification of the specific measures adopted. Examples are provided of approaches and technologies that may be used to improve repository performance and safety. Information is also provided in the Annex on experience in various Member States with the upgrading of disposal facilities.
Book Synopsis Disposal of Radioactive Waste by : OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. Performance Assessment Advisory Group
Download or read book Disposal of Radioactive Waste written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. Performance Assessment Advisory Group and published by Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre. This book was released on 1991 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Simple text and photographs introduce the life of George Washington Carver.
Book Synopsis Methods for the Minimization of Radioactive Waste from Decontamination and Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Methods for the Minimization of Radioactive Waste from Decontamination and Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simple text and photographs introduce the life of George Washington Carver.
