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The papers in this volume explore the issues and techniques of archaeological site seasonality and settlement analysis. Examples introduce a broad range of specific analytical techniques of seasonality assessment and show variability and similarity in settlement patterns worldwide.
Book Synopsis Seasonality and Sedentism by : Thomas R. Rocek
Download or read book Seasonality and Sedentism written by Thomas R. Rocek and published by Peabody Museum Press. This book was released on 1998-04-28 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this volume explore the issues and techniques of archaeological site seasonality and settlement analysis. Examples introduce a broad range of specific analytical techniques of seasonality assessment and show variability and similarity in settlement patterns worldwide.
Varien's research clearly demonstrates the need to view agriculturalists from a perspective that differs from the hunter-gatherer model. This innovative study shows why current explanations for site abandonment cannot by themselves account for residential mobility and offers valuable insights into the archaeology of small-scale agriculture.
Book Synopsis Sedentism and Mobility in a Social Landscape by : Mark Varien
Download or read book Sedentism and Mobility in a Social Landscape written by Mark Varien and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Varien's research clearly demonstrates the need to view agriculturalists from a perspective that differs from the hunter-gatherer model. This innovative study shows why current explanations for site abandonment cannot by themselves account for residential mobility and offers valuable insights into the archaeology of small-scale agriculture.
Research on hunting and gathering peoples has given anthropologists a long-standing conceptual framework of sedentism and mobility based on seasonality and ecological constraints. This work challenges that position by arguing that mobility is a socially negotiated activity and that neither mobility nor sedentism can be understood outside of its social context. Drawing on research in the Mesa Verde region that focuses on communities and households, Mark Varien expands the social, spatial, and temporal scales of archaeological analysis to propose a new model for population movement. Rather than viewing sedentism and mobility as opposing concepts, he demonstrates that they were separate strategies that were simultaneously employed. Households moved relatively frequently--every one or two generations--but communities persisted in the same location for much longer. Varien shows that individuals and households negotiated their movements in a social landscape structured by these permanent communities. Varien's research clearly demonstrates the need to view agriculturalists from a perspective that differs from the hunter-gatherer model. This innovative study shows why current explanations for site abandonment cannot by themselves account for residential mobility and offers valuable insights into the archaeology of small-scale agriculture.
Book Synopsis Sedentism and Mobility in a Social Landscape by : Mark Varien
Download or read book Sedentism and Mobility in a Social Landscape written by Mark Varien and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on hunting and gathering peoples has given anthropologists a long-standing conceptual framework of sedentism and mobility based on seasonality and ecological constraints. This work challenges that position by arguing that mobility is a socially negotiated activity and that neither mobility nor sedentism can be understood outside of its social context. Drawing on research in the Mesa Verde region that focuses on communities and households, Mark Varien expands the social, spatial, and temporal scales of archaeological analysis to propose a new model for population movement. Rather than viewing sedentism and mobility as opposing concepts, he demonstrates that they were separate strategies that were simultaneously employed. Households moved relatively frequently--every one or two generations--but communities persisted in the same location for much longer. Varien shows that individuals and households negotiated their movements in a social landscape structured by these permanent communities. Varien's research clearly demonstrates the need to view agriculturalists from a perspective that differs from the hunter-gatherer model. This innovative study shows why current explanations for site abandonment cannot by themselves account for residential mobility and offers valuable insights into the archaeology of small-scale agriculture.
Farmers as hunters analyses from an essentially ethnographic perspective the role of hunters in small-scale farming societies. The twelve contributors examine the effects of hunting and mobility on behaviour, diet, economy and material culture at both culture-specific and cross-cultural levels. The influence of sedentism and the increasing use of domesticates is also explored across a wide range of societies from the American southwest and Amazonian to Africa, New Guinea and the Phillipines. Differing perceptions of the status of animals and plants are reviewed and cultural values are throughout given due weight in a field where discussion too often verges on the economically deterministic.
Book Synopsis Farmers as Hunters by : Susan Kent
Download or read book Farmers as Hunters written by Susan Kent and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1989-08-31 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Farmers as hunters analyses from an essentially ethnographic perspective the role of hunters in small-scale farming societies. The twelve contributors examine the effects of hunting and mobility on behaviour, diet, economy and material culture at both culture-specific and cross-cultural levels. The influence of sedentism and the increasing use of domesticates is also explored across a wide range of societies from the American southwest and Amazonian to Africa, New Guinea and the Phillipines. Differing perceptions of the status of animals and plants are reviewed and cultural values are throughout given due weight in a field where discussion too often verges on the economically deterministic.
ABSTRACT: This research evaluates sedentism and the seasonal use of resources during the Late Archaic period in the coastal zone of the Southeastern U.S. Specifically, this research examines sedentism at the Guana shell ring near St. Augustine, Florida, which dates to approximately 3400 cal B.P. This study employs the incremental growth technique to determine the season of death of quahog clams (Mercenaria spp.), a common constituent in the ring matrix. To accurately assess season of death for quahog clams, I gathered a modern comparative clam collection from St. Augustine during every month in 2010. It appears that the maximum acceptable distance between the modern collection and archaeological site in question lies somewhere between 45-80 km. Based on the present results, the maximum acceptable distance may be somewhere around 70 km, but this remains to be tested. This research demonstrates that Guana occupants gathered clams during the winter and spring. Although clam gathering occurred during half of the year, I have proposed that Guana occupants likely remained at the site throughout the year based on seasonality studies at other Late Archaic shell rings. Clam seasonality varied slightly throughout the ring deposit, and may indicate differences in clam use by household groups. Mean clam age and size at Guana declined considerably over time. This suggests that Guana occupants relied heavily on quahog clams and intensively exploited nearby clam beds. Clam collection during the cooler months of winter and spring has been identified at most sites in northeast Florida and throughout the Georgia Bight. Often, clams were gathered exclusively during the cooler months, or they were gathered more intensively during this time. I have proposed that this pattern of cool-weather collection is an adaptation to maximize the returns of gathering clams. Based on my observations while assembling the modern comparative clam collection, clams create small holes in the sand, called keyholes, during cool weather. These keyholes mark the location of a clam, which reduces search time and makes clams less costly to procure. This means that clams are less costly to collect during the cooler months of winter and spring, the seasons during which most clam collection occurred in northeast Florida and throughout the Georgia Bight. This adaptation is likely the cause for the seasonal focus on clam gathering, despite continued occupation at many sites in the Georgia Bight.
Book Synopsis Sedentism and Subsistence in the Late Archaic by : Alexandra L. Parsons
Download or read book Sedentism and Subsistence in the Late Archaic written by Alexandra L. Parsons and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: This research evaluates sedentism and the seasonal use of resources during the Late Archaic period in the coastal zone of the Southeastern U.S. Specifically, this research examines sedentism at the Guana shell ring near St. Augustine, Florida, which dates to approximately 3400 cal B.P. This study employs the incremental growth technique to determine the season of death of quahog clams (Mercenaria spp.), a common constituent in the ring matrix. To accurately assess season of death for quahog clams, I gathered a modern comparative clam collection from St. Augustine during every month in 2010. It appears that the maximum acceptable distance between the modern collection and archaeological site in question lies somewhere between 45-80 km. Based on the present results, the maximum acceptable distance may be somewhere around 70 km, but this remains to be tested. This research demonstrates that Guana occupants gathered clams during the winter and spring. Although clam gathering occurred during half of the year, I have proposed that Guana occupants likely remained at the site throughout the year based on seasonality studies at other Late Archaic shell rings. Clam seasonality varied slightly throughout the ring deposit, and may indicate differences in clam use by household groups. Mean clam age and size at Guana declined considerably over time. This suggests that Guana occupants relied heavily on quahog clams and intensively exploited nearby clam beds. Clam collection during the cooler months of winter and spring has been identified at most sites in northeast Florida and throughout the Georgia Bight. Often, clams were gathered exclusively during the cooler months, or they were gathered more intensively during this time. I have proposed that this pattern of cool-weather collection is an adaptation to maximize the returns of gathering clams. Based on my observations while assembling the modern comparative clam collection, clams create small holes in the sand, called keyholes, during cool weather. These keyholes mark the location of a clam, which reduces search time and makes clams less costly to procure. This means that clams are less costly to collect during the cooler months of winter and spring, the seasons during which most clam collection occurred in northeast Florida and throughout the Georgia Bight. This adaptation is likely the cause for the seasonal focus on clam gathering, despite continued occupation at many sites in the Georgia Bight.
This text reviews the theory, concepts, and basic methods involved in archaeological analysis with the aim of familiarizing both students and professionals with its underlying principles. Topics covered include the nature and presentation of data; database and research design; sampling and quantification; analyzing lithics, pottery, faunal, and botanical remains; interpreting dates; and archaeological illustration. A glossary of key terms completes the book.
Book Synopsis The Archaeologist's Laboratory by : E.B. Banning
Download or read book The Archaeologist's Laboratory written by E.B. Banning and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text reviews the theory, concepts, and basic methods involved in archaeological analysis with the aim of familiarizing both students and professionals with its underlying principles. Topics covered include the nature and presentation of data; database and research design; sampling and quantification; analyzing lithics, pottery, faunal, and botanical remains; interpreting dates; and archaeological illustration. A glossary of key terms completes the book.
In this study Roland Fletcher argues that the built environment becomes a constraint on the long-term development of a settlement. It is costly to move settlements, or to demolish and rebuild from scratch, so the initial layout and buildings, and the forms of communication that result, may come to shackle further development and also to place constraints on social and political change. Using this theoretical framework, Dr Fletcher reviews worldwide settlement growth over the past 15,000 years, and concludes with a major discussion of the great transformations of human settlements - from mobile to sedentary, sedentary to urban, and urban to industrial. This book is an ambitious contribution to archaeological theory, and the questions it raises also have implications for the future of urban settlement.
Book Synopsis The Limits of Settlement Growth by : Roland Fletcher
Download or read book The Limits of Settlement Growth written by Roland Fletcher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-09-29 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study Roland Fletcher argues that the built environment becomes a constraint on the long-term development of a settlement. It is costly to move settlements, or to demolish and rebuild from scratch, so the initial layout and buildings, and the forms of communication that result, may come to shackle further development and also to place constraints on social and political change. Using this theoretical framework, Dr Fletcher reviews worldwide settlement growth over the past 15,000 years, and concludes with a major discussion of the great transformations of human settlements - from mobile to sedentary, sedentary to urban, and urban to industrial. This book is an ambitious contribution to archaeological theory, and the questions it raises also have implications for the future of urban settlement.
This book highlights studies addressing significant anthropological issues in the Americas from the perspective of environmental archaeology. The book uses case studies to resolve questions related to human behavior in the past rather than to demonstrate the application of methods. Each chapter is an original or revised work by an internationally-recognized scientist. This second edition is based on the 1996 book of the same title. The editors have invited back a number of contributors from the first edition to revise and update their chapter. New studies are included in order to cover recent developments in the field or additional pertinent topics.
Book Synopsis Case Studies in Environmental Archaeology by : Elizabeth Reitz
Download or read book Case Studies in Environmental Archaeology written by Elizabeth Reitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-10 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights studies addressing significant anthropological issues in the Americas from the perspective of environmental archaeology. The book uses case studies to resolve questions related to human behavior in the past rather than to demonstrate the application of methods. Each chapter is an original or revised work by an internationally-recognized scientist. This second edition is based on the 1996 book of the same title. The editors have invited back a number of contributors from the first edition to revise and update their chapter. New studies are included in order to cover recent developments in the field or additional pertinent topics.
This book is one of a series of more than 20 volumes resulting from the World Archaeological Congress, September 1986, attempting to bring together not only archaeologists and anthropologists from many parts of the world, as well as academics from contingent disciplines, but also non-academics from a wide range of cultural backgrounds. This volume develops a new approach to plant exploitation and early agriculture in a worldwide comparative context. It modifies the conceptual dichotomy between "hunter-gatherers" and "farmers", viewing human exploitation of plant resources as a global evolutionary process which incorporated the beginnings of cultivation and crop domestication. The studies throughout the book come from a worldwide range of geographical contexts, from the Andes to China and from Australia to the Upper Mid-West of North America. This work is of interest to anthropologists, archaeologists, botanists and geographers. Originally published 1989.
Book Synopsis Foraging and Farming by : David R. Harris
Download or read book Foraging and Farming written by David R. Harris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is one of a series of more than 20 volumes resulting from the World Archaeological Congress, September 1986, attempting to bring together not only archaeologists and anthropologists from many parts of the world, as well as academics from contingent disciplines, but also non-academics from a wide range of cultural backgrounds. This volume develops a new approach to plant exploitation and early agriculture in a worldwide comparative context. It modifies the conceptual dichotomy between "hunter-gatherers" and "farmers", viewing human exploitation of plant resources as a global evolutionary process which incorporated the beginnings of cultivation and crop domestication. The studies throughout the book come from a worldwide range of geographical contexts, from the Andes to China and from Australia to the Upper Mid-West of North America. This work is of interest to anthropologists, archaeologists, botanists and geographers. Originally published 1989.
This collection of essays brings together diverse approaches to the analysis of Native American culture in the protohistoric period For most Native American peoples of the Southeast, almost two centuries passed between first contact with European explorers in the 16th century and colonization by whites in the 18th century—a temporal span commonly referred to as the Protohistoric period. A recent flurry of interest in this period by archaeologists armed with an improved understanding of the complexity of culture contact situations and important new theoretical paradigms has illuminated a formerly dark time frame. This volume pulls together the current work of archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists to demonstrate a diversity of approaches to studying protohistory. Contributors address different aspects of political economy, cultural warfare, architecture, sedentism, subsistence, foods, prestige goods, disease, and trade. From examination of early documents by René Laudonnière and William Bartram to a study of burial goods distribution patterns; and from an analysis of Caddoan research in Arkansas and Louisiana to an interesting comparison of Apalachee and Powhatan elites, this volume ranges broadly in subject matter. What emerges is a tantalizingly clear view of the protohistoric period in North America.
Book Synopsis Between Contacts and Colonies by : Cameron B. Wesson
Download or read book Between Contacts and Colonies written by Cameron B. Wesson and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2002-10-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays brings together diverse approaches to the analysis of Native American culture in the protohistoric period For most Native American peoples of the Southeast, almost two centuries passed between first contact with European explorers in the 16th century and colonization by whites in the 18th century—a temporal span commonly referred to as the Protohistoric period. A recent flurry of interest in this period by archaeologists armed with an improved understanding of the complexity of culture contact situations and important new theoretical paradigms has illuminated a formerly dark time frame. This volume pulls together the current work of archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists to demonstrate a diversity of approaches to studying protohistory. Contributors address different aspects of political economy, cultural warfare, architecture, sedentism, subsistence, foods, prestige goods, disease, and trade. From examination of early documents by René Laudonnière and William Bartram to a study of burial goods distribution patterns; and from an analysis of Caddoan research in Arkansas and Louisiana to an interesting comparison of Apalachee and Powhatan elites, this volume ranges broadly in subject matter. What emerges is a tantalizingly clear view of the protohistoric period in North America.
