Slaves, Contrabands, And Freedmen: Union Policy In The Civil War

Slaves, Contrabands, And Freedmen: Union Policy In The Civil War

Author: CDR Michelle J. Howard USN

Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing

Published: 2015-11-06

Total Pages: 109

ISBN-13: 1782899391

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This study examines Union slave policy in the Civil War. Prior to the initiation of hostilities, President Abraham Lincoln stated that the conflict between the states was over the preservation of the Union, and not over slavery. The administration was concerned that a war policy centered on slavery would result in the loss of the Border States. The war started without a slave policy promulgated from the administration to the War Department. By May of 1861, fugitive slaves had entered Union lines and were retained by military commanders as “Contraband of War.” The Union employed over 200,000 fugitive slaves before the war ended. Military commanders were forced to create slave policy to handle overwhelming numbers of runaway slaves. Local military policy impacted the administration’s agenda. In response, the administration would variously support, dismiss, or ignore the commanders. As the war progressed, Union slave policy caused conflict within and outside the military chain of command. As the conflicts became publicized, President Lincoln created or agreed to slavery policies that conformed to changing congressional and public opinion. The administration had been forced to deal with the issue it had sought to avoid. Military decisions in the field had impacted national goals.


Book Synopsis Slaves, Contrabands, And Freedmen: Union Policy In The Civil War by : CDR Michelle J. Howard USN

Download or read book Slaves, Contrabands, And Freedmen: Union Policy In The Civil War written by CDR Michelle J. Howard USN and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines Union slave policy in the Civil War. Prior to the initiation of hostilities, President Abraham Lincoln stated that the conflict between the states was over the preservation of the Union, and not over slavery. The administration was concerned that a war policy centered on slavery would result in the loss of the Border States. The war started without a slave policy promulgated from the administration to the War Department. By May of 1861, fugitive slaves had entered Union lines and were retained by military commanders as “Contraband of War.” The Union employed over 200,000 fugitive slaves before the war ended. Military commanders were forced to create slave policy to handle overwhelming numbers of runaway slaves. Local military policy impacted the administration’s agenda. In response, the administration would variously support, dismiss, or ignore the commanders. As the war progressed, Union slave policy caused conflict within and outside the military chain of command. As the conflicts became publicized, President Lincoln created or agreed to slavery policies that conformed to changing congressional and public opinion. The administration had been forced to deal with the issue it had sought to avoid. Military decisions in the field had impacted national goals.

Bluejackets and Contrabands

Bluejackets and Contrabands

Author: Barbara Brooks Tomblin

Publisher: University Press of Kentucky

Published: 2009-10-09

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 0813139279

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One of the lesser-known stories of the Civil War is the role played by escaped slaves in the Union blockade along the Atlantic coast. From the beginning of the war, many African American refugees sought avenues of escape to the North. Due to their sheer numbers, those who reached Union forces presented a problem for the military. Fortunately, the First Confiscation Act of 1861 permitted the seizure of property used in support of the South's war effort, including slaves. Eventually regarded as contraband of war, the runaways became known as contrabands. In Bluejackets and Contrabands, Barbara Brooks Tomblin examines the relationship between the Union Navy and the contrabands. The navy established colonies for the former slaves, and, in return, some contrabands served as crewmen on navy ships and gunboats and as river pilots, spies, and guides. Tomblin presents a rare picture of the contrabands and casts light on the vital contributions of African Americans to the Union Navy and the Union cause.


Book Synopsis Bluejackets and Contrabands by : Barbara Brooks Tomblin

Download or read book Bluejackets and Contrabands written by Barbara Brooks Tomblin and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2009-10-09 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the lesser-known stories of the Civil War is the role played by escaped slaves in the Union blockade along the Atlantic coast. From the beginning of the war, many African American refugees sought avenues of escape to the North. Due to their sheer numbers, those who reached Union forces presented a problem for the military. Fortunately, the First Confiscation Act of 1861 permitted the seizure of property used in support of the South's war effort, including slaves. Eventually regarded as contraband of war, the runaways became known as contrabands. In Bluejackets and Contrabands, Barbara Brooks Tomblin examines the relationship between the Union Navy and the contrabands. The navy established colonies for the former slaves, and, in return, some contrabands served as crewmen on navy ships and gunboats and as river pilots, spies, and guides. Tomblin presents a rare picture of the contrabands and casts light on the vital contributions of African Americans to the Union Navy and the Union cause.

From Contraband to Freedman

From Contraband to Freedman

Author: Louis S. Gerteis

Publisher:

Published: 1969

Total Pages: 536

ISBN-13:

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This thesis posits that for the military and many government officials, emancipation of slaves was a military, not social, necessity. Some freedmen joined the Union Army, while approximately 193,000 of almost 1,000,000 freedmen within Union lines were organized by the federal government as laborers in contraband camps. The Freedmen's Bureau was created within the War Department in 1865 to aid the approximately 1,000,000 former slaves through education, health care and employment. The author asserts that because emancipation came as a war necessity, the contraband labor system succeeded only to the extent that the freedmen usefully served the needs of the Union Army. Once the Civil War ended, the system virtually collapsed and the Freedmen's Bureau did little more than liquidate the wartime labor programs while facilitating the restoration of antebellum property rights and trying to institute a contract labor system instead of creating a class of independent black farmers.


Book Synopsis From Contraband to Freedman by : Louis S. Gerteis

Download or read book From Contraband to Freedman written by Louis S. Gerteis and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis posits that for the military and many government officials, emancipation of slaves was a military, not social, necessity. Some freedmen joined the Union Army, while approximately 193,000 of almost 1,000,000 freedmen within Union lines were organized by the federal government as laborers in contraband camps. The Freedmen's Bureau was created within the War Department in 1865 to aid the approximately 1,000,000 former slaves through education, health care and employment. The author asserts that because emancipation came as a war necessity, the contraband labor system succeeded only to the extent that the freedmen usefully served the needs of the Union Army. Once the Civil War ended, the system virtually collapsed and the Freedmen's Bureau did little more than liquidate the wartime labor programs while facilitating the restoration of antebellum property rights and trying to institute a contract labor system instead of creating a class of independent black farmers.

From Contraband to Freedman

From Contraband to Freedman

Author: Louis Gerteis

Publisher: Praeger

Published: 1973-08-24

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis From Contraband to Freedman by : Louis Gerteis

Download or read book From Contraband to Freedman written by Louis Gerteis and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1973-08-24 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sick from Freedom

Sick from Freedom

Author: Jim Downs

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2012-05-01

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 0199908788

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Bondspeople who fled from slavery during and after the Civil War did not expect that their flight toward freedom would lead to sickness, disease, suffering, and death. But the war produced the largest biological crisis of the nineteenth century, and as historian Jim Downs reveals in this groundbreaking volume, it had deadly consequences for hundreds of thousands of freed people. In Sick from Freedom, Downs recovers the untold story of one of the bitterest ironies in American history--that the emancipation of the slaves, seen as one of the great turning points in U.S. history, had devastating consequences for innumerable freed people. Drawing on massive new research into the records of the Medical Division of the Freedmen's Bureau-a nascent national health system that cared for more than one million freed slaves-he shows how the collapse of the plantation economy released a plague of lethal diseases. With emancipation, African Americans seized the chance to move, migrating as never before. But in their journey to freedom, they also encountered yellow fever, smallpox, cholera, dysentery, malnutrition, and exposure. To address this crisis, the Medical Division hired more than 120 physicians, establishing some forty underfinanced and understaffed hospitals scattered throughout the South, largely in response to medical emergencies. Downs shows that the goal of the Medical Division was to promote a healthy workforce, an aim which often excluded a wide range of freedpeople, including women, the elderly, the physically disabled, and children. Downs concludes by tracing how the Reconstruction policy was then implemented in the American West, where it was disastrously applied to Native Americans. The widespread medical calamity sparked by emancipation is an overlooked episode of the Civil War and its aftermath, poignantly revealed in Sick from Freedom.


Book Synopsis Sick from Freedom by : Jim Downs

Download or read book Sick from Freedom written by Jim Downs and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bondspeople who fled from slavery during and after the Civil War did not expect that their flight toward freedom would lead to sickness, disease, suffering, and death. But the war produced the largest biological crisis of the nineteenth century, and as historian Jim Downs reveals in this groundbreaking volume, it had deadly consequences for hundreds of thousands of freed people. In Sick from Freedom, Downs recovers the untold story of one of the bitterest ironies in American history--that the emancipation of the slaves, seen as one of the great turning points in U.S. history, had devastating consequences for innumerable freed people. Drawing on massive new research into the records of the Medical Division of the Freedmen's Bureau-a nascent national health system that cared for more than one million freed slaves-he shows how the collapse of the plantation economy released a plague of lethal diseases. With emancipation, African Americans seized the chance to move, migrating as never before. But in their journey to freedom, they also encountered yellow fever, smallpox, cholera, dysentery, malnutrition, and exposure. To address this crisis, the Medical Division hired more than 120 physicians, establishing some forty underfinanced and understaffed hospitals scattered throughout the South, largely in response to medical emergencies. Downs shows that the goal of the Medical Division was to promote a healthy workforce, an aim which often excluded a wide range of freedpeople, including women, the elderly, the physically disabled, and children. Downs concludes by tracing how the Reconstruction policy was then implemented in the American West, where it was disastrously applied to Native Americans. The widespread medical calamity sparked by emancipation is an overlooked episode of the Civil War and its aftermath, poignantly revealed in Sick from Freedom.

Grant, Lincoln, and the Freedmen: Reminiscences of the Civil War

Grant, Lincoln, and the Freedmen: Reminiscences of the Civil War

Author: John Eaton

Publisher: BIG BYTE BOOKS

Published: 2016-02-02

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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With thousands of ex-slaves fleeing to Union lines and the prospect of millions more to be emancipated, Abraham Lincoln and General Ulysses S. Grant foresaw enormous challenges ahead. What would be done with and for the freedmen? Grant turned to Colonel (later General) John Eaton to manage the gathering crisis. Eaton felt wholly inadequate to the huge task and tried to beg off, citing the resistance he knew he would encounter from many quarters, including Union officers who used free blacks as servants. Grant quietly replied, "Mr. Eaton, I have ordered you to report to me in person, and I will take care of you." This book, far too long out-of-print, details Eaton's approach to establishing policies that met the needs of freed slaves, as well as the military aims of General Grant and the governing aims of Abraham Lincoln. With personal anecdotes included from his meetings with Lincoln and Grant, you'll read stories here that you may not have read elsewhere. Eaton came to understand that the former slaves yearned desperately for their freedom, were entitled to their personhood, and he was astonished at their hunger for books and learning. He established schools and in 1863 and was an advocate of Negro suffrage. Eaton was made colonel of the 63rd Regiment of Colored Infantry. For the first time, this important work is available as an affordable, well-formatted book for e-readers and smartphones. Be sure to LOOK INSIDE or download a sample.


Book Synopsis Grant, Lincoln, and the Freedmen: Reminiscences of the Civil War by : John Eaton

Download or read book Grant, Lincoln, and the Freedmen: Reminiscences of the Civil War written by John Eaton and published by BIG BYTE BOOKS. This book was released on 2016-02-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With thousands of ex-slaves fleeing to Union lines and the prospect of millions more to be emancipated, Abraham Lincoln and General Ulysses S. Grant foresaw enormous challenges ahead. What would be done with and for the freedmen? Grant turned to Colonel (later General) John Eaton to manage the gathering crisis. Eaton felt wholly inadequate to the huge task and tried to beg off, citing the resistance he knew he would encounter from many quarters, including Union officers who used free blacks as servants. Grant quietly replied, "Mr. Eaton, I have ordered you to report to me in person, and I will take care of you." This book, far too long out-of-print, details Eaton's approach to establishing policies that met the needs of freed slaves, as well as the military aims of General Grant and the governing aims of Abraham Lincoln. With personal anecdotes included from his meetings with Lincoln and Grant, you'll read stories here that you may not have read elsewhere. Eaton came to understand that the former slaves yearned desperately for their freedom, were entitled to their personhood, and he was astonished at their hunger for books and learning. He established schools and in 1863 and was an advocate of Negro suffrage. Eaton was made colonel of the 63rd Regiment of Colored Infantry. For the first time, this important work is available as an affordable, well-formatted book for e-readers and smartphones. Be sure to LOOK INSIDE or download a sample.

Freedom: Volume 1, Series 1: The Destruction of Slavery

Freedom: Volume 1, Series 1: The Destruction of Slavery

Author: Ira Berlin

Publisher: CUP Archive

Published: 1985

Total Pages: 906

ISBN-13: 9780521229791

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Contains primary source material.


Book Synopsis Freedom: Volume 1, Series 1: The Destruction of Slavery by : Ira Berlin

Download or read book Freedom: Volume 1, Series 1: The Destruction of Slavery written by Ira Berlin and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1985 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains primary source material.

The Gettysburg Address

The Gettysburg Address

Author: Abraham Lincoln

Publisher: Penguin UK

Published: 2009-08-27

Total Pages: 114

ISBN-13: 0141956631

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The Address was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, during the American Civil War, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the decisive Battle of Gettysburg. In just over two minutes, Lincoln invoked the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and redefined the Civil War as a struggle not merely for the Union, but as "a new birth of freedom" that would bring true equality to all of its citizens, and that would also create a unified nation in which states' rights were no longer dominant. Throughout history, some books have changed the world. They have transformed the way we see ourselves - and each other. They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution. They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted. They have enriched lives - and destroyed them. Now Penguin brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization and helped make us who we are.


Book Synopsis The Gettysburg Address by : Abraham Lincoln

Download or read book The Gettysburg Address written by Abraham Lincoln and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2009-08-27 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Address was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, during the American Civil War, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the decisive Battle of Gettysburg. In just over two minutes, Lincoln invoked the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and redefined the Civil War as a struggle not merely for the Union, but as "a new birth of freedom" that would bring true equality to all of its citizens, and that would also create a unified nation in which states' rights were no longer dominant. Throughout history, some books have changed the world. They have transformed the way we see ourselves - and each other. They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution. They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted. They have enriched lives - and destroyed them. Now Penguin brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization and helped make us who we are.

Emancipating Slaves, Enslaving Free Men

Emancipating Slaves, Enslaving Free Men

Author: Jeffrey Hummel

Publisher: Open Court

Published: 2013-11-18

Total Pages: 448

ISBN-13: 0812698444

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This book combines a sweeping narrative of the Civil War with a bold new look at the war’s significance for American society. Professor Hummel sees the Civil War as America’s turning point: simultaneously the culmination and repudiation of the American revolution. While the chapters tell the story of the Civil War and discuss the issues raised in readable prose, each chapter is followed by a detailed bibliographical essay, looking at all the different major works on the subject, with their varying ideological viewpoints and conclusions. In his economic analysis of slavery, Professor Hummel takes a different view than the two major poles which have determined past discussions of the topic. While some writers claim that slavery was unprofitable and harmful to the Southern economy, and others maintain it was profitable and efficient for the South, Hummel uses the economic concept of Deadweight Loss to show that slavery was both highly profitable for slave owners and harmful to Southern economic development. While highly critical of Confederate policy, Hummel argues that the war was fought to prevent secession, not to end slavery, and that preservation of the Union was not necessary to end slavery: the North could have let the South secede peacefully, and slavery would still have been quickly terminated. Part of Hummel’s argument is that the South crucially relied on the Northern states to return runaway slaves to their owners. This new edition has a substantial new introduction by the author, correcting and supplementing the account given in the first edition (the major revision is an increase in the estimate of total casualties) and a foreword by John Majewski, a rising star of Civil War studies.


Book Synopsis Emancipating Slaves, Enslaving Free Men by : Jeffrey Hummel

Download or read book Emancipating Slaves, Enslaving Free Men written by Jeffrey Hummel and published by Open Court. This book was released on 2013-11-18 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines a sweeping narrative of the Civil War with a bold new look at the war’s significance for American society. Professor Hummel sees the Civil War as America’s turning point: simultaneously the culmination and repudiation of the American revolution. While the chapters tell the story of the Civil War and discuss the issues raised in readable prose, each chapter is followed by a detailed bibliographical essay, looking at all the different major works on the subject, with their varying ideological viewpoints and conclusions. In his economic analysis of slavery, Professor Hummel takes a different view than the two major poles which have determined past discussions of the topic. While some writers claim that slavery was unprofitable and harmful to the Southern economy, and others maintain it was profitable and efficient for the South, Hummel uses the economic concept of Deadweight Loss to show that slavery was both highly profitable for slave owners and harmful to Southern economic development. While highly critical of Confederate policy, Hummel argues that the war was fought to prevent secession, not to end slavery, and that preservation of the Union was not necessary to end slavery: the North could have let the South secede peacefully, and slavery would still have been quickly terminated. Part of Hummel’s argument is that the South crucially relied on the Northern states to return runaway slaves to their owners. This new edition has a substantial new introduction by the author, correcting and supplementing the account given in the first edition (the major revision is an increase in the estimate of total casualties) and a foreword by John Majewski, a rising star of Civil War studies.

Freedom

Freedom

Author:

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1985

Total Pages: 968

ISBN-13: 9780521132138

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Book Synopsis Freedom by :

Download or read book Freedom written by and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: