Snow/cloud Discrimination

Snow/cloud Discrimination

Author: Francis R. Valovcin

Publisher:

Published: 1976

Total Pages: 24

ISBN-13:

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The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the usefulness of the data from the S192 Multispectral Scanner aboard Skylab in snow-cloud discrimination. From the available S192 screening films and digital tape data, the reflectance characteristics of snow, ice, and water clouds in different spectral bands from the visible into the near infrared spectral region can be determined. In the visible part of the spectrum, snow, ice, and water clouds appear white. In the near infrared, Band 11 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers), water clouds are white, ice clouds are gray and snow is black. The ratio of the radiance values in Band 6 (0.68 to 0.76 micrometers to Band 11 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers appears to provide a method for discriminating between snow cover, ice, and water clouds. (Author).


Book Synopsis Snow/cloud Discrimination by : Francis R. Valovcin

Download or read book Snow/cloud Discrimination written by Francis R. Valovcin and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the usefulness of the data from the S192 Multispectral Scanner aboard Skylab in snow-cloud discrimination. From the available S192 screening films and digital tape data, the reflectance characteristics of snow, ice, and water clouds in different spectral bands from the visible into the near infrared spectral region can be determined. In the visible part of the spectrum, snow, ice, and water clouds appear white. In the near infrared, Band 11 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers), water clouds are white, ice clouds are gray and snow is black. The ratio of the radiance values in Band 6 (0.68 to 0.76 micrometers to Band 11 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers appears to provide a method for discriminating between snow cover, ice, and water clouds. (Author).


Snow/cloud Discrimination

Snow/cloud Discrimination

Author: Francis R. Valovcin

Publisher:

Published: 1976

Total Pages: 16

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Snow/cloud Discrimination by : Francis R. Valovcin

Download or read book Snow/cloud Discrimination written by Francis R. Valovcin and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Snow/cloud Discrimination

Snow/cloud Discrimination

Author: Francis R. Valovcin

Publisher:

Published: 1976

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13:

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The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the usefulness of the data from the S192 Multispectral Scanner aboard Skylab in snow-cloud discrimination. From the available S192 screening films and digital tape data, the reflectance characteristics of snow, ice, and water clouds in different spectral bands from the visible into the near infrared spectral region can be determined. In the visible part of the spectrum, snow, ice, and water clouds appear white. In the near infrared, Band 11 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers), water clouds are white, ice clouds are gray and snow is black. The ratio of the radiance values in Band 6 (0.68 to 0.76 micrometers to Band 11 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers appears to provide a method for discriminating between snow cover, ice, and water clouds. (Author).


Book Synopsis Snow/cloud Discrimination by : Francis R. Valovcin

Download or read book Snow/cloud Discrimination written by Francis R. Valovcin and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the usefulness of the data from the S192 Multispectral Scanner aboard Skylab in snow-cloud discrimination. From the available S192 screening films and digital tape data, the reflectance characteristics of snow, ice, and water clouds in different spectral bands from the visible into the near infrared spectral region can be determined. In the visible part of the spectrum, snow, ice, and water clouds appear white. In the near infrared, Band 11 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers), water clouds are white, ice clouds are gray and snow is black. The ratio of the radiance values in Band 6 (0.68 to 0.76 micrometers to Band 11 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers appears to provide a method for discriminating between snow cover, ice, and water clouds. (Author).


Snow/cloud Discrimination in Multispectral Satellite Imagery Using an Experimental Near-infrared Sensor

Snow/cloud Discrimination in Multispectral Satellite Imagery Using an Experimental Near-infrared Sensor

Author: J. K. Dodd

Publisher:

Published: 1981

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Snow/cloud Discrimination in Multispectral Satellite Imagery Using an Experimental Near-infrared Sensor by : J. K. Dodd

Download or read book Snow/cloud Discrimination in Multispectral Satellite Imagery Using an Experimental Near-infrared Sensor written by J. K. Dodd and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


A Snow/cloud Discrimination Algorithm for the GOES-8 Sounder

A Snow/cloud Discrimination Algorithm for the GOES-8 Sounder

Author: Shaima L. Nasiri

Publisher:

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 118

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis A Snow/cloud Discrimination Algorithm for the GOES-8 Sounder by : Shaima L. Nasiri

Download or read book A Snow/cloud Discrimination Algorithm for the GOES-8 Sounder written by Shaima L. Nasiri and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Automated Satellite Cloud Analysis

Automated Satellite Cloud Analysis

Author: Robert C. Allen (Jr.)

Publisher:

Published: 1987

Total Pages: 114

ISBN-13:

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An algorithm is developed and evaluated for discriminating among clouds, snow cover and clear land. The multispectral technique uses daytime images of AVHRR channels 1 (0.63 microns, 3 (3.7 microns) and 4 (11.0 microns). Reflectance is derived for channel 3 by using the channel 4 emission temperature to estimate and remove the channel 3 thermal emission. Separation of clouds from snow and land is based primarily on this derived channel 3 reflectance. Using this technique, observed reflectance in channel 3 is 2 to 4% for snow, 3 to 10 % for land, 2 to 27 % for ice clouds and 8 to 36 % for liquid clouds. These values overlap for thin cirrus and snow, so the routine than attempts analysis of cirrus based on its different transmissive properties between channels 3 and 4. Six images were analyzed and the total cloud cover was verified against a total of 110 conventional surface observations using the standard categories of clear, scattered, broken and overcast. The routine was quite successful, with the analyzed sky cover being within category for 55% of the stations, one category different for 33%, 2 categories different for 9% and 3 categories for 3% of the stations. A major remaining problem is discrimination between ice clouds and snow cover due to the great similarity of reflective properties of there two surfaces.


Book Synopsis Automated Satellite Cloud Analysis by : Robert C. Allen (Jr.)

Download or read book Automated Satellite Cloud Analysis written by Robert C. Allen (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An algorithm is developed and evaluated for discriminating among clouds, snow cover and clear land. The multispectral technique uses daytime images of AVHRR channels 1 (0.63 microns, 3 (3.7 microns) and 4 (11.0 microns). Reflectance is derived for channel 3 by using the channel 4 emission temperature to estimate and remove the channel 3 thermal emission. Separation of clouds from snow and land is based primarily on this derived channel 3 reflectance. Using this technique, observed reflectance in channel 3 is 2 to 4% for snow, 3 to 10 % for land, 2 to 27 % for ice clouds and 8 to 36 % for liquid clouds. These values overlap for thin cirrus and snow, so the routine than attempts analysis of cirrus based on its different transmissive properties between channels 3 and 4. Six images were analyzed and the total cloud cover was verified against a total of 110 conventional surface observations using the standard categories of clear, scattered, broken and overcast. The routine was quite successful, with the analyzed sky cover being within category for 55% of the stations, one category different for 33%, 2 categories different for 9% and 3 categories for 3% of the stations. A major remaining problem is discrimination between ice clouds and snow cover due to the great similarity of reflective properties of there two surfaces.


Spectral Radiance of Snow and Clouds in the Near Infrared Spectral Region

Spectral Radiance of Snow and Clouds in the Near Infrared Spectral Region

Author: Francis R. Valovcin

Publisher:

Published: 1978

Total Pages: 56

ISBN-13:

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The near infrared spectral radiance measurements of snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds taken by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory's flying laboratory are evaluated. From the analysis of the 124 specra obtained, the spectral radiances or reflectance characteristics of snow and cirrus and cumulus clouds between 5500 and 7000/cm (1.82-1.43 micrometers were determined. Snow/cloud discrimination can be made by utilizing a sensor in the 5500 to 7000/ cm spectral region. Based on the analysis of these data, certain snow/cloud design parameters were identified; that is, slope of the spectral radiance, absolute spectral and/or total radiance, and the location and value of the maximum spectral radiance for the snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds. Finally, specific recommendations are made for an optimal operational snow/cloud discrimination radiometer. (Author).


Book Synopsis Spectral Radiance of Snow and Clouds in the Near Infrared Spectral Region by : Francis R. Valovcin

Download or read book Spectral Radiance of Snow and Clouds in the Near Infrared Spectral Region written by Francis R. Valovcin and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The near infrared spectral radiance measurements of snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds taken by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory's flying laboratory are evaluated. From the analysis of the 124 specra obtained, the spectral radiances or reflectance characteristics of snow and cirrus and cumulus clouds between 5500 and 7000/cm (1.82-1.43 micrometers were determined. Snow/cloud discrimination can be made by utilizing a sensor in the 5500 to 7000/ cm spectral region. Based on the analysis of these data, certain snow/cloud design parameters were identified; that is, slope of the spectral radiance, absolute spectral and/or total radiance, and the location and value of the maximum spectral radiance for the snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds. Finally, specific recommendations are made for an optimal operational snow/cloud discrimination radiometer. (Author).


Spectral Radiance of Snow and Clouds in the Near Infrared Spectral Region

Spectral Radiance of Snow and Clouds in the Near Infrared Spectral Region

Author: Francis R. Valovcin

Publisher:

Published: 1978

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The near infrared spectral radiance measurements of snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds taken by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory's flying laboratory are evaluated. From the analysis of the 124 specra obtained, the spectral radiances or reflectance characteristics of snow and cirrus and cumulus clouds between 5500 and 7000/cm (1.82-1.43 micrometers were determined. Snow/cloud discrimination can be made by utilizing a sensor in the 5500 to 7000/ cm spectral region. Based on the analysis of these data, certain snow/cloud design parameters were identified; that is, slope of the spectral radiance, absolute spectral and/or total radiance, and the location and value of the maximum spectral radiance for the snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds. Finally, specific recommendations are made for an optimal operational snow/cloud discrimination radiometer. (Author)


Book Synopsis Spectral Radiance of Snow and Clouds in the Near Infrared Spectral Region by : Francis R. Valovcin

Download or read book Spectral Radiance of Snow and Clouds in the Near Infrared Spectral Region written by Francis R. Valovcin and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The near infrared spectral radiance measurements of snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds taken by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory's flying laboratory are evaluated. From the analysis of the 124 specra obtained, the spectral radiances or reflectance characteristics of snow and cirrus and cumulus clouds between 5500 and 7000/cm (1.82-1.43 micrometers were determined. Snow/cloud discrimination can be made by utilizing a sensor in the 5500 to 7000/ cm spectral region. Based on the analysis of these data, certain snow/cloud design parameters were identified; that is, slope of the spectral radiance, absolute spectral and/or total radiance, and the location and value of the maximum spectral radiance for the snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds. Finally, specific recommendations are made for an optimal operational snow/cloud discrimination radiometer. (Author)


Nowcasting SAF: Investigations of NOAA AVHRR/3 1.6 Micrometer Imagery for Snow, Cloud and Sunglint Discrimination

Nowcasting SAF: Investigations of NOAA AVHRR/3 1.6 Micrometer Imagery for Snow, Cloud and Sunglint Discrimination

Author: Otto Hyvarinen

Publisher:

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 33

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Nowcasting SAF: Investigations of NOAA AVHRR/3 1.6 Micrometer Imagery for Snow, Cloud and Sunglint Discrimination by : Otto Hyvarinen

Download or read book Nowcasting SAF: Investigations of NOAA AVHRR/3 1.6 Micrometer Imagery for Snow, Cloud and Sunglint Discrimination written by Otto Hyvarinen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Improved Cloud Detection Utilizing Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Near Infrared Measurements

Improved Cloud Detection Utilizing Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Near Infrared Measurements

Author: James T. Bunting

Publisher:

Published: 1982

Total Pages: 96

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Improved Cloud Detection Utilizing Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Near Infrared Measurements by : James T. Bunting

Download or read book Improved Cloud Detection Utilizing Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Near Infrared Measurements written by James T. Bunting and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: