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Book Synopsis South American Naiades by : Arnold Edward Ortmann
Download or read book South American Naiades written by Arnold Edward Ortmann and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Excerpt from South American Naiades, Vol. 8: A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Freshwater Mussels of South America The present paper is intended to give a full account of these investigations. Naturally all accessible material has been included. In many cases only shells without their soft parts were available. This remark refers largely to older and some more recent material preserved in the Carnegie Museum obtained from various sources. The Haseman Collection likewise contains only the hard parts of many species, but on the other hand, other accessions consisted of shells with soft parts, as, for instance, the specimens of Anodontites crispatus from the upper Magdalenadrainage in Colombia, collected by Dr. C. H. Eigenmann, and a collection of a number of species from the La Plata in Argentina, received from Dr. A. Windhausen. In spite of the comparative wealth of material at hand, in some respects our collections are not complete and do not permit the determination of certain questions, chiefly taxonomic. My greatest difficulty has been to properly identify the "species" at hand. The older writers, Spix, Wagner, Lea, D Orbigny, Philippi, Hupe, and others, generally described their species from very insufficient material, and the author to whom we are most indebted for clearing up the taxonomy of the South American Naiades, H. Von Ihering, also was often handicapped by having too scanty material. All previous writers had no clear conception of the range of variation in the various forms, and thus their descriptions generally are those of individuals, often indeed very elaborate and complete, but without proper emphasis laid upon the really important specific characters. Simpson's "Descriptive Catalogue" (1914) did not much improve matters, since he was largely dependent upon the unsatisfactory publications of previous authors. I do not claim, by any means, that my treatment of these shells overcomes all these difficulties; on the contrary, I am in many particulars not at all satisfied with the results obtained. Nevertheless, I claim that the study of the soft parts of a great many forms has furnished a basis for the proper understanding of what the "species" are, and has, at least, furnished a clue to their systematic arrangement, incomplete and fragmentary, it may be, but which probably will prove to be of great value, when the soft parts of all or most of the species are known. The difficulty encountered in recognizing the described forms is sometimes exasperating. We should expect, in cases where exact type-localities are given, and where material from these is at hand, that it would not be very great. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis South American Naiades, Vol. 8 by : A. E. Ortmann
Download or read book South American Naiades, Vol. 8 written by A. E. Ortmann and published by . This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from South American Naiades, Vol. 8: A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Freshwater Mussels of South America The present paper is intended to give a full account of these investigations. Naturally all accessible material has been included. In many cases only shells without their soft parts were available. This remark refers largely to older and some more recent material preserved in the Carnegie Museum obtained from various sources. The Haseman Collection likewise contains only the hard parts of many species, but on the other hand, other accessions consisted of shells with soft parts, as, for instance, the specimens of Anodontites crispatus from the upper Magdalenadrainage in Colombia, collected by Dr. C. H. Eigenmann, and a collection of a number of species from the La Plata in Argentina, received from Dr. A. Windhausen. In spite of the comparative wealth of material at hand, in some respects our collections are not complete and do not permit the determination of certain questions, chiefly taxonomic. My greatest difficulty has been to properly identify the "species" at hand. The older writers, Spix, Wagner, Lea, D Orbigny, Philippi, Hupe, and others, generally described their species from very insufficient material, and the author to whom we are most indebted for clearing up the taxonomy of the South American Naiades, H. Von Ihering, also was often handicapped by having too scanty material. All previous writers had no clear conception of the range of variation in the various forms, and thus their descriptions generally are those of individuals, often indeed very elaborate and complete, but without proper emphasis laid upon the really important specific characters. Simpson's "Descriptive Catalogue" (1914) did not much improve matters, since he was largely dependent upon the unsatisfactory publications of previous authors. I do not claim, by any means, that my treatment of these shells overcomes all these difficulties; on the contrary, I am in many particulars not at all satisfied with the results obtained. Nevertheless, I claim that the study of the soft parts of a great many forms has furnished a basis for the proper understanding of what the "species" are, and has, at least, furnished a clue to their systematic arrangement, incomplete and fragmentary, it may be, but which probably will prove to be of great value, when the soft parts of all or most of the species are known. The difficulty encountered in recognizing the described forms is sometimes exasperating. We should expect, in cases where exact type-localities are given, and where material from these is at hand, that it would not be very great. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis South American Naiades; a Contribution to the Knowledge of the Freshwater Mussels of South America by : A E (Arnold Edward) 1863- Ortmann
Download or read book South American Naiades; a Contribution to the Knowledge of the Freshwater Mussels of South America written by A E (Arnold Edward) 1863- Ortmann and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book South American Naiades written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis South American Naiades by : Carnegie Museum
Download or read book South American Naiades written by Carnegie Museum and published by Palala Press. This book was released on 2016-05-05 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis South American Naiades by : A E (Arnold Edward) 1863- Ortmann
Download or read book South American Naiades written by A E (Arnold Edward) 1863- Ortmann and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis South American Naiades by : Arnold Edward Ortmann
Download or read book South American Naiades written by Arnold Edward Ortmann and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
Book Synopsis South American Naiades; A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Freshwater Mussels of South America - Primary Source Edition by : A E (Arnold Edward) 1863-192 Ortmann
Download or read book South American Naiades; A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Freshwater Mussels of South America - Primary Source Edition written by A E (Arnold Edward) 1863-192 Ortmann and published by Nabu Press. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
Book Synopsis A Synopsis of the Family of Naïades of North America by : Isaac Léa
Download or read book A Synopsis of the Family of Naïades of North America written by Isaac Léa and published by . This book was released on 1866 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Monograph of the Naiades of Pennsylvania ... by : Arnold Edward Ortmann
Download or read book Monograph of the Naiades of Pennsylvania ... written by Arnold Edward Ortmann and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: