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Download or read book Strengthening the Biological Weapons Convention by Confidence-building Measures written by Erhard Geissler and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author: Erhard Geissler (red.)
Publisher:
Published: 1990
Total Pages: 232
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe participants of the Second Review Conference of the parties to the Biological Weapons Convention agreed on instituting voluntary confidence-building measures (CBMs) to strengthen the Convention. For this book SIPRI has gathered together experts in the fields of disarmament, epidemiology, molecular genetics, and virology. They evaluate the extent to which these CBMs contribute to preventing or reducing the occurrence of ambiguities, doubts, and suspicions which might be raised about compliance with the BW convention, and how CBMs contribute to improving international co-operation in the field of peaceful biological activities.
Download or read book Strengthening the Biological Weapons Convention by Confidence-building Measures written by Erhard Geissler (red.) and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The participants of the Second Review Conference of the parties to the Biological Weapons Convention agreed on instituting voluntary confidence-building measures (CBMs) to strengthen the Convention. For this book SIPRI has gathered together experts in the fields of disarmament, epidemiology, molecular genetics, and virology. They evaluate the extent to which these CBMs contribute to preventing or reducing the occurrence of ambiguities, doubts, and suspicions which might be raised about compliance with the BW convention, and how CBMs contribute to improving international co-operation in the field of peaceful biological activities.
Author: Brian Rappert
Publisher:
Published: 2014
Total Pages: 19
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"It is vital to revisit how confidence in the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) can be strengthened. To do that we need to ask challenging questions about what limits the relevance of Confidence Building Measures, and we need to identify what else is needed to establish and maintain confidence between states parties. This paper enables reflection on how those involved in the BWC process collectively assess issues affecting the convention. It focuses on prevalence of defensive reasoning, which inhibits robust inquiry and encourages anti-learning practices. It argues that instead of more of the same, alternative types of discussions needed to be nurtured." -- Authors' summary.
Download or read book Biological Weapons Convention written by Brian Rappert and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is vital to revisit how confidence in the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) can be strengthened. To do that we need to ask challenging questions about what limits the relevance of Confidence Building Measures, and we need to identify what else is needed to establish and maintain confidence between states parties. This paper enables reflection on how those involved in the BWC process collectively assess issues affecting the convention. It focuses on prevalence of defensive reasoning, which inhibits robust inquiry and encourages anti-learning practices. It argues that instead of more of the same, alternative types of discussions needed to be nurtured." -- Authors' summary.
Author: S. J. Lundin
Publisher: Sipri Chemical & Biological Wa
Published: 1991
Total Pages: 152
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKVolume 12 in the SIPRI Chemical & Biological Warfare Studies series will identify and develop suggestions for verification measures for the BWC, and their possible dual function for verification and confidence-building will also be explored in contributions by ten leading experts in the field number 12 in the will identify and develop suggestions for verification.
Download or read book Views on Possible Verification Measures for the Biological Weapons Convention written by S. J. Lundin and published by Sipri Chemical & Biological Wa. This book was released on 1991 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 12 in the SIPRI Chemical & Biological Warfare Studies series will identify and develop suggestions for verification measures for the BWC, and their possible dual function for verification and confidence-building will also be explored in contributions by ten leading experts in the field number 12 in the will identify and develop suggestions for verification.
Author: Malcolm Dando
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2002-05-10
Total Pages: 246
ISBN-13: 1403907196
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention entirely prohibits biological warfare, but it has no effective verification mechanism to ensure that the 140-plus States Parties are living up to their obligations. From 1995-2001 the States Parties attempted to negotiate a Protocol to the Convention to remedy this deficiency. On 25 July 2001 the United States entirely rejected the final text which would probably have been acceptable to most other states. The book investigates how this disaster came about, and the potential consequences of the failure of American leadership.
Download or read book Preventing Biological Warfare written by Malcolm Dando and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-05-10 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention entirely prohibits biological warfare, but it has no effective verification mechanism to ensure that the 140-plus States Parties are living up to their obligations. From 1995-2001 the States Parties attempted to negotiate a Protocol to the Convention to remedy this deficiency. On 25 July 2001 the United States entirely rejected the final text which would probably have been acceptable to most other states. The book investigates how this disaster came about, and the potential consequences of the failure of American leadership.
Author: Barend ter Haar
Publisher: Praeger
Published: 1991-06-19
Total Pages: 224
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe know-how and materials required to produce biological warfare agents are the same as those required for medical and veterinary products; biological warfare technology is quickly spreading across the globe. In this new study, Barend ter Haar argues that a policy of nonproliferation might slow down the current trend toward worldwide deployment of biological weapons, but it is ultimately doomed without a strengthened ban on them. Ter Haar discusses the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972, which did not categorically prohibit activities leading to biological weapons and failed to provide confidence-building measures and allegation procedures. He evaluates the confidence measures added in the 1986 Second Review Conference, and demonstrates how they were neglected by some countries. Ter Haar concludes that the Convention measures are almost unverifiable and proposes a stronger, universal ban that includes improved procedures, regular consultative meetings, extended information exchange restrictions, routine verification, challenge inspections, and other measures. This study is an important resource for professionals, students, and scholars of diplomacy, disarmament, international relations, and the protection of the environment.
Download or read book The Future of Biological Weapons written by Barend ter Haar and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1991-06-19 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The know-how and materials required to produce biological warfare agents are the same as those required for medical and veterinary products; biological warfare technology is quickly spreading across the globe. In this new study, Barend ter Haar argues that a policy of nonproliferation might slow down the current trend toward worldwide deployment of biological weapons, but it is ultimately doomed without a strengthened ban on them. Ter Haar discusses the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972, which did not categorically prohibit activities leading to biological weapons and failed to provide confidence-building measures and allegation procedures. He evaluates the confidence measures added in the 1986 Second Review Conference, and demonstrates how they were neglected by some countries. Ter Haar concludes that the Convention measures are almost unverifiable and proposes a stronger, universal ban that includes improved procedures, regular consultative meetings, extended information exchange restrictions, routine verification, challenge inspections, and other measures. This study is an important resource for professionals, students, and scholars of diplomacy, disarmament, international relations, and the protection of the environment.
Author: Nicholas Roger Alan Sims
Publisher: Sipri Chemical & Biological Wa
Published: 2001
Total Pages: 218
ISBN-13: 9780198295785
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe evolution of the disarmament regime of the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) is described from 1980, when the first BTWC Review Conference was held, until 1998. The author analyses the results of SIPRI's first four review Conferences.
Download or read book The Evolution of Biological Disarmament written by Nicholas Roger Alan Sims and published by Sipri Chemical & Biological Wa. This book was released on 2001 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of the disarmament regime of the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) is described from 1980, when the first BTWC Review Conference was held, until 1998. The author analyses the results of SIPRI's first four review Conferences.
Download or read book Strengthening the BWC's Confidence Building Measure Regime written by Nicolas Isla and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author: U S Government Accountability Office (G
Publisher: BiblioGov
Published: 2013-07
Total Pages: 76
ISBN-13: 9781289256906
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on U.S. and international efforts to ban the development of biological weapons, focusing on the effectiveness of: (1) the Biological Weapons Convention and efforts to strengthen it; and (2) U.S. and multilateral export controls in biological weapon proliferation. GAO found that: (1) the Convention has been ineffective in stopping the development of biological weapons; (2) efforts to strengthen the Convention, which included the recruitment of nonmembers and the creation of a verification system, were unsuccessful because of nonmembers' unwillingness to join the Convention and opposition to an intrusive inspection regime; (3) the United States advocated using confidence-building measures (CBM) such as information sharing so that member nations could exchange biological research and development information; (4) CBM limitations included member nations' failure to submit complete reports and the United Nations' (U.N.) inability to enforce compliance; (5) logistical and practical biological weapon verification difficulties included weapon size, the dual use of biological research and development, and the lack of multilateral information sharing; (6) the United States, United Kingdom, and Russia entered into a trilateral agreement to permit verification visits to build compliance; (7) the United States and Germany were the only countries that developed export controls to increase coordination of export licensing for biological organisms, toxins, and related equipment; and (8) the effectiveness of the Australia Group's efforts to improve export controls depends upon the expansion of its membership and redefinition of export controls.
Download or read book Arms Control written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on U.S. and international efforts to ban the development of biological weapons, focusing on the effectiveness of: (1) the Biological Weapons Convention and efforts to strengthen it; and (2) U.S. and multilateral export controls in biological weapon proliferation. GAO found that: (1) the Convention has been ineffective in stopping the development of biological weapons; (2) efforts to strengthen the Convention, which included the recruitment of nonmembers and the creation of a verification system, were unsuccessful because of nonmembers' unwillingness to join the Convention and opposition to an intrusive inspection regime; (3) the United States advocated using confidence-building measures (CBM) such as information sharing so that member nations could exchange biological research and development information; (4) CBM limitations included member nations' failure to submit complete reports and the United Nations' (U.N.) inability to enforce compliance; (5) logistical and practical biological weapon verification difficulties included weapon size, the dual use of biological research and development, and the lack of multilateral information sharing; (6) the United States, United Kingdom, and Russia entered into a trilateral agreement to permit verification visits to build compliance; (7) the United States and Germany were the only countries that developed export controls to increase coordination of export licensing for biological organisms, toxins, and related equipment; and (8) the effectiveness of the Australia Group's efforts to improve export controls depends upon the expansion of its membership and redefinition of export controls.
Author: Erhard Geissler
Publisher:
Published: 1999
Total Pages: 300
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis interdisciplinary book analyzes the origins of biological warfare planning and preparation up to the end of World War II. In the period between the world wars, growing understanding of the propagation of disease lead to the fear that potential enemies might be developing biological weapons, with several countries ultimately developing major biological warfare programs during World War II. The relevance of these programs to contemporary concerns is addressed and sheds light on arguments for adoption of a verification protocol to strengthen the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.
Download or read book Biological and Toxin Weapons written by Erhard Geissler and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary book analyzes the origins of biological warfare planning and preparation up to the end of World War II. In the period between the world wars, growing understanding of the propagation of disease lead to the fear that potential enemies might be developing biological weapons, with several countries ultimately developing major biological warfare programs during World War II. The relevance of these programs to contemporary concerns is addressed and sheds light on arguments for adoption of a verification protocol to strengthen the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.
