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"The present report is the first attempt to review and synthesize existing literature for the priority habitats listed in decision VIII/24, which include seamounts, cold-water coral reefs, hydrothermal vents and other ecosystems in areas beyond national jurisdiction. The report presents, in synthesized format, information about the distribution, status and trends (where available), as well as the threats facing these ecosystems. Information about the functioning of these ecosystems and the ecology of associated species is also presented. Finally, the report reviews work that has been undertaken to identify priority conservation areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction"--P. 9.
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Review of the Best Available Scientific Studies on Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation in Marine Areas Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction by : Marjo Vierros
Download or read book Synthesis and Review of the Best Available Scientific Studies on Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation in Marine Areas Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction written by Marjo Vierros and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The present report is the first attempt to review and synthesize existing literature for the priority habitats listed in decision VIII/24, which include seamounts, cold-water coral reefs, hydrothermal vents and other ecosystems in areas beyond national jurisdiction. The report presents, in synthesized format, information about the distribution, status and trends (where available), as well as the threats facing these ecosystems. Information about the functioning of these ecosystems and the ecology of associated species is also presented. Finally, the report reviews work that has been undertaken to identify priority conservation areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction"--P. 9.
Describing the emerging and unresolved issues related to the oceans and the marine environment, this book presents the developments made in marine science and policy since the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and implications for the sustainable management of ocean areas and resources. This comprehensive volume also provides a number of scientific, policy, and legal tools to address such issues, and to ensure better science-based management of the oceans. Topics covered include the impacts of human-induced climate change on the oceans, the marine genetic resources debate, the current legal framework for the oceans, and a comparative study of the legal issues associated with outer space. Including practical examples and worldwide case studies, this book is a valuable resource for policy makers, students and academics, in marine science and policy, ocean affairs, and the law of the sea.
Book Synopsis Ocean Sustainability in the 21st Century by : Salvatore Aricò
Download or read book Ocean Sustainability in the 21st Century written by Salvatore Aricò and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describing the emerging and unresolved issues related to the oceans and the marine environment, this book presents the developments made in marine science and policy since the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and implications for the sustainable management of ocean areas and resources. This comprehensive volume also provides a number of scientific, policy, and legal tools to address such issues, and to ensure better science-based management of the oceans. Topics covered include the impacts of human-induced climate change on the oceans, the marine genetic resources debate, the current legal framework for the oceans, and a comparative study of the legal issues associated with outer space. Including practical examples and worldwide case studies, this book is a valuable resource for policy makers, students and academics, in marine science and policy, ocean affairs, and the law of the sea.
Despite the central role oceans play in the economic, environmental and social affairs of the planet's 6.7 billion inhabitants, significant gaps exist in our understanding and management of the complex processes at work from the global climate system, to the water cycle and circulation of nutrients, to changes affecting marine habitats. In addition, the vastness of the world's oceans have for far too long been perceived as impervious and indestructible to human impact. To deal with this situation, improved monitoring and observation practices, regular assessments to provide a deeper understanding of the status and trends of environmental changes, and the know-how and ability to prevent, mitigate and adapt to these changes are urgently required. The UN General Assembly in 2005 -- recommended that a regular process for the global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including its socio-economic aspects (Regular Process), be initiated. The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO) were asked to serve as the lead agencies in the start-up phase that came to be known as the "Assessment of Assessments" (AoA). Under the AoA, an Expert Group have developed options and a framework for such a Regular Process, which can serve as the mechanism to keep the world's oceans and seas under continuing review.
Book Synopsis An Assessment of Assessments by :
Download or read book An Assessment of Assessments written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2009 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the central role oceans play in the economic, environmental and social affairs of the planet's 6.7 billion inhabitants, significant gaps exist in our understanding and management of the complex processes at work from the global climate system, to the water cycle and circulation of nutrients, to changes affecting marine habitats. In addition, the vastness of the world's oceans have for far too long been perceived as impervious and indestructible to human impact. To deal with this situation, improved monitoring and observation practices, regular assessments to provide a deeper understanding of the status and trends of environmental changes, and the know-how and ability to prevent, mitigate and adapt to these changes are urgently required. The UN General Assembly in 2005 -- recommended that a regular process for the global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including its socio-economic aspects (Regular Process), be initiated. The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO) were asked to serve as the lead agencies in the start-up phase that came to be known as the "Assessment of Assessments" (AoA). Under the AoA, an Expert Group have developed options and a framework for such a Regular Process, which can serve as the mechanism to keep the world's oceans and seas under continuing review.
The "Assessment of Assessments" (AoA) is a start-up phase of a regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment including socio-economic aspects. AoA represents the most comprehensive initiative undertaken to date by the UN system to better coordinate ocean governance. Its central recommendation calls for a mechanism that builds on existing global, regional and national institutions and processes while integrating all available information, including socio-economic data, on how our seas and oceans are actually being used.--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis An Assessment of Assessments: Regional and supra-regional summaries and technical annexes by :
Download or read book An Assessment of Assessments: Regional and supra-regional summaries and technical annexes written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "Assessment of Assessments" (AoA) is a start-up phase of a regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment including socio-economic aspects. AoA represents the most comprehensive initiative undertaken to date by the UN system to better coordinate ocean governance. Its central recommendation calls for a mechanism that builds on existing global, regional and national institutions and processes while integrating all available information, including socio-economic data, on how our seas and oceans are actually being used.--Publisher's description.
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Insecurity provides an authoritative and comprehensive assessment of the threats presented to human security and well-being by the loss of ecosystems and biodiversity recently confirmed as one of the critical 'planetary boundaries' that has already been exceeded. Contributors examine the current trends and state of biodiversity globally, the drivers of biodiversity loss including climate change and economic and population pressures, and the mechanisms and policies needed for conserving and restoring biodiversity in the future. Strong emphasis is placed throughout on the fundamental importance of placing a realistic economic value on nature and the services that ecosystems provide if we are to manage our natural resources successfully; and also on the crucial role of international institutions and government policies achieving this goal. As the recent high-profile meeting of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Nagoya, Japan, underlined, the scale and pace of the destruction of natural habitats and species imperil us all. This volume is an invaluable resource for conservationists, students and those in the private and public sectors concerned to redress the damage being done to the natural world.
Book Synopsis Biodiversity and Ecosystem Insecurity by : Ahmed Djoghlaf
Download or read book Biodiversity and Ecosystem Insecurity written by Ahmed Djoghlaf and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Insecurity provides an authoritative and comprehensive assessment of the threats presented to human security and well-being by the loss of ecosystems and biodiversity recently confirmed as one of the critical 'planetary boundaries' that has already been exceeded. Contributors examine the current trends and state of biodiversity globally, the drivers of biodiversity loss including climate change and economic and population pressures, and the mechanisms and policies needed for conserving and restoring biodiversity in the future. Strong emphasis is placed throughout on the fundamental importance of placing a realistic economic value on nature and the services that ecosystems provide if we are to manage our natural resources successfully; and also on the crucial role of international institutions and government policies achieving this goal. As the recent high-profile meeting of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Nagoya, Japan, underlined, the scale and pace of the destruction of natural habitats and species imperil us all. This volume is an invaluable resource for conservationists, students and those in the private and public sectors concerned to redress the damage being done to the natural world.
Marine Biodiversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) identifies the major issues at stake in the BBNJ negotiations and examines the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. This timely volume offers cutting edge contributions from leading global experts on access and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources; environmental impact assessments; capacity building and transfer of technology as well as Arctic environmental issues including security and shipping. Cross-cutting themes including the potential impact on existing legal frameworks and instruments are also explored.
Book Synopsis Marine Biodiversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction by : Myron H. Nordquist
Download or read book Marine Biodiversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction written by Myron H. Nordquist and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-02-15 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Biodiversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) identifies the major issues at stake in the BBNJ negotiations and examines the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. This timely volume offers cutting edge contributions from leading global experts on access and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources; environmental impact assessments; capacity building and transfer of technology as well as Arctic environmental issues including security and shipping. Cross-cutting themes including the potential impact on existing legal frameworks and instruments are also explored.
This dissertation presents an integrated and systematic approach to prioritizing areas for biodiversity conservation, and aims to address significant knowledge gaps in the geographic priorities for marine biodiversity conservation in the Coral Triangle region. The Coral Triangle encompasses parts of South-East Asia and the Western Pacific, and is a priority for marine biodiversity conservation because it has the highest species richness, and perhaps endemicity, of any marine region globally. This study first synthesized ecological and biological criteria used in 15 international initiatives to assess an area’s importance for biodiversity conservation. Four criteria identified areas of high biodiversity significance based on habitat: (1) contained unique and rare habitats; (2) included fragile and sensitive habitats; (3) were important for ecological integrity; and (4) were representative of all habitats. Four additional criteria were based on species-specific attributes: (5) the presence of species of conservation concern; (6) the occurrence of restricted-range species; (7) species richness; and (8) importance for life history stages. These eight criteria can be measured by five biodiversity variables: habitat cover, species occurrence, species richness, species’ geographic range, and population abundance. To identify areas of importance for biodiversity conservation, a multi-criteria decision analysis was conducted using the above pre-defined ecological criteria. This study found that approximately 13% of the Coral Triangle region was clustered into areas of high biodiversity importance (biodiversity hotspots). These areas were clustered along the southern Philippines, north-eastern Malaysian Sabah, central and eastern Indonesia, eastern Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. The most significant areas included three sites in the Philippines (i.e., the Verde Island Passage, the southern part of Negros Island and Cebu Island) and four sites in Indonesia (i.e., the northern tip of Sulawesi, Ambon Island, Kei Islands, and Raja Ampat Archipelago). Spatial prioritization tools were applied to guide the identification of an effective MPA network for the Coral Triangle. This study showed that the application of evidencebased Marine Protected Area (MPA) network design tools illustrates MPA options that provide almost three times more representation of biodiversity features than that currently provided by the existing MPA network in the Coral Triangle. By systematically increasing MPA coverage to 10% of the Coral Triangle’s marine area, the average representation of biodiversity features within the MPA network would increase to over 37%. An MPA network that covered 30% of the Coral Triangle would include 65% of the biodiversity features. Marine areas in the Halmahera Sea, the outer island arc of the Banda Sea, the Sulu Archipelago, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Malaita Islands were identified as priority areas for the designation of new MPAs. Further, this study identified several existing MPAs in the Coral Triangle that could be expanded to cover additional biodiversity features within their adjacent areas. Finally, an online atlas of the Coral Triangle was developed. This atlas consists of three sets of interlinked digital maps: (a) Biodiversity Features (providing comprehensive data on the region’s marine protected areas, biodiversity features, threats and environmental characteristics); (b) Areas of Importance for Biodiversity Conservation (highlighting the spatial distribution of areas of high biodiversity conservation value); and (c) Marine Protected Areas (MPA) Network Expansion (showing priority areas for expansion of current Coral Triangle MPAs or siting of new MPAs). This publicly-accessible digital map provides the most comprehensive biodiversity datasets available to date for the region and describes representative information to support a better understanding of the key marine and coastal characteristics of the Coral Triangle.
Book Synopsis Prioritization of Marine Biodiversity Conservation in the Coral Triangle by : Irawan Asaad
Download or read book Prioritization of Marine Biodiversity Conservation in the Coral Triangle written by Irawan Asaad and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents an integrated and systematic approach to prioritizing areas for biodiversity conservation, and aims to address significant knowledge gaps in the geographic priorities for marine biodiversity conservation in the Coral Triangle region. The Coral Triangle encompasses parts of South-East Asia and the Western Pacific, and is a priority for marine biodiversity conservation because it has the highest species richness, and perhaps endemicity, of any marine region globally. This study first synthesized ecological and biological criteria used in 15 international initiatives to assess an area’s importance for biodiversity conservation. Four criteria identified areas of high biodiversity significance based on habitat: (1) contained unique and rare habitats; (2) included fragile and sensitive habitats; (3) were important for ecological integrity; and (4) were representative of all habitats. Four additional criteria were based on species-specific attributes: (5) the presence of species of conservation concern; (6) the occurrence of restricted-range species; (7) species richness; and (8) importance for life history stages. These eight criteria can be measured by five biodiversity variables: habitat cover, species occurrence, species richness, species’ geographic range, and population abundance. To identify areas of importance for biodiversity conservation, a multi-criteria decision analysis was conducted using the above pre-defined ecological criteria. This study found that approximately 13% of the Coral Triangle region was clustered into areas of high biodiversity importance (biodiversity hotspots). These areas were clustered along the southern Philippines, north-eastern Malaysian Sabah, central and eastern Indonesia, eastern Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. The most significant areas included three sites in the Philippines (i.e., the Verde Island Passage, the southern part of Negros Island and Cebu Island) and four sites in Indonesia (i.e., the northern tip of Sulawesi, Ambon Island, Kei Islands, and Raja Ampat Archipelago). Spatial prioritization tools were applied to guide the identification of an effective MPA network for the Coral Triangle. This study showed that the application of evidencebased Marine Protected Area (MPA) network design tools illustrates MPA options that provide almost three times more representation of biodiversity features than that currently provided by the existing MPA network in the Coral Triangle. By systematically increasing MPA coverage to 10% of the Coral Triangle’s marine area, the average representation of biodiversity features within the MPA network would increase to over 37%. An MPA network that covered 30% of the Coral Triangle would include 65% of the biodiversity features. Marine areas in the Halmahera Sea, the outer island arc of the Banda Sea, the Sulu Archipelago, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Malaita Islands were identified as priority areas for the designation of new MPAs. Further, this study identified several existing MPAs in the Coral Triangle that could be expanded to cover additional biodiversity features within their adjacent areas. Finally, an online atlas of the Coral Triangle was developed. This atlas consists of three sets of interlinked digital maps: (a) Biodiversity Features (providing comprehensive data on the region’s marine protected areas, biodiversity features, threats and environmental characteristics); (b) Areas of Importance for Biodiversity Conservation (highlighting the spatial distribution of areas of high biodiversity conservation value); and (c) Marine Protected Areas (MPA) Network Expansion (showing priority areas for expansion of current Coral Triangle MPAs or siting of new MPAs). This publicly-accessible digital map provides the most comprehensive biodiversity datasets available to date for the region and describes representative information to support a better understanding of the key marine and coastal characteristics of the Coral Triangle.
The aim [of this workshop] was to develop an action plan to promote a system of ... areas to ensure long-term protection of ecosystem processes, biological diversity and productivity beyond national jurisdiction.
Book Synopsis Towards a Strategy for High Seas Marine Protected Areas by : Kristina M. Gjerde
Download or read book Towards a Strategy for High Seas Marine Protected Areas written by Kristina M. Gjerde and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2003 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim [of this workshop] was to develop an action plan to promote a system of ... areas to ensure long-term protection of ecosystem processes, biological diversity and productivity beyond national jurisdiction.
In this innovative volume, the author addresses some important challenges related to the effective and equitable governance of marine protected areas (MPAs). These challenges are explored through a study of 20 MPA case studies from around the world. A novel governance analysis framework is employed to address some key questions: How can top-down and bottom-up approaches to MPA governance be combined? What does this mean, in reality, in different contexts? How can we develop and implement governance approaches that are both effective in achieving conservation objectives and equitable in fairly sharing associated costs and benefits? The author explores the many issues that these questions raise, as well as exploring options for addressing them. A key theme is that MPA governance needs to combine people, state and market approaches, rather than being based on one approach and its related ideals. Building on a critique of the governance analysis framework developed for common-pool resources, the author puts forward a more holistic and less prescriptive framework for deconstructing and analyzing the governance of MPAs. This inter-disciplinary analysis is aimed at supporting the development of MPA governance approaches that build social-ecological resilience through both institutional and biological diversity. It will also make a significant contribution to wider debates on natural resource governance, as it poses some critical questions for contemporary approaches to related research and offers an alternative theoretical and empirical approach.
Book Synopsis Governing Marine Protected Areas by : Peter Jones
Download or read book Governing Marine Protected Areas written by Peter Jones and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-24 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this innovative volume, the author addresses some important challenges related to the effective and equitable governance of marine protected areas (MPAs). These challenges are explored through a study of 20 MPA case studies from around the world. A novel governance analysis framework is employed to address some key questions: How can top-down and bottom-up approaches to MPA governance be combined? What does this mean, in reality, in different contexts? How can we develop and implement governance approaches that are both effective in achieving conservation objectives and equitable in fairly sharing associated costs and benefits? The author explores the many issues that these questions raise, as well as exploring options for addressing them. A key theme is that MPA governance needs to combine people, state and market approaches, rather than being based on one approach and its related ideals. Building on a critique of the governance analysis framework developed for common-pool resources, the author puts forward a more holistic and less prescriptive framework for deconstructing and analyzing the governance of MPAs. This inter-disciplinary analysis is aimed at supporting the development of MPA governance approaches that build social-ecological resilience through both institutional and biological diversity. It will also make a significant contribution to wider debates on natural resource governance, as it poses some critical questions for contemporary approaches to related research and offers an alternative theoretical and empirical approach.
This book is a critical analysis of the concept of marine protected areas (MPAs) particularly as a tool for marine resource management. It explains the reasons for the extraordinary rise of MPAs to the top of the political agenda for marine policy, and evaluates the scientific credentials for the unprecedented popularity of this management option. The book reveals the role played by two policy networks – epistemic community and advocacy coalition – in promoting the notion of MPA, showing how advocacy for marine reserves by some scientists based on limited evidence of fisheries benefits has led to a blurring of the boundary between science and politics. Second, the study investigates whether the scientific consensus on MPAs has resulted in a publication bias, whereby pro-MPA articles are given preferential treatment by peer-reviewed academic journals, though it found only limited evidence of such a bias. Third, the project conducts a systematic review of the literature to determine the ecological effects of MPAs, and reaches the conclusion that there is little proof of a positive impact on finfish populations in temperate waters. Fourth, the study uses discourse analysis to trace the effects of a public campaigning policy network on marine conservation zones (MCZs) in England, which demonstrated that there was considerable confusion over the objectives that MCZs were being designated to achieve. The book’s conclusion is that the MPA issue shows the power of ideas in marine governance, but offers a caution that scientists who cross the line between science and politics risk exaggerating the benefits of MPAs by glossing over uncertainties in the data, which may antagonise the fishing industry, delay resolution of the MPA issue, and weaken public faith in marine science if and when the benefits of MCZs are subsequently seen to be limited.
Book Synopsis The Controversy over Marine Protected Areas by : Alex Caveen
Download or read book The Controversy over Marine Protected Areas written by Alex Caveen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-17 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a critical analysis of the concept of marine protected areas (MPAs) particularly as a tool for marine resource management. It explains the reasons for the extraordinary rise of MPAs to the top of the political agenda for marine policy, and evaluates the scientific credentials for the unprecedented popularity of this management option. The book reveals the role played by two policy networks – epistemic community and advocacy coalition – in promoting the notion of MPA, showing how advocacy for marine reserves by some scientists based on limited evidence of fisheries benefits has led to a blurring of the boundary between science and politics. Second, the study investigates whether the scientific consensus on MPAs has resulted in a publication bias, whereby pro-MPA articles are given preferential treatment by peer-reviewed academic journals, though it found only limited evidence of such a bias. Third, the project conducts a systematic review of the literature to determine the ecological effects of MPAs, and reaches the conclusion that there is little proof of a positive impact on finfish populations in temperate waters. Fourth, the study uses discourse analysis to trace the effects of a public campaigning policy network on marine conservation zones (MCZs) in England, which demonstrated that there was considerable confusion over the objectives that MCZs were being designated to achieve. The book’s conclusion is that the MPA issue shows the power of ideas in marine governance, but offers a caution that scientists who cross the line between science and politics risk exaggerating the benefits of MPAs by glossing over uncertainties in the data, which may antagonise the fishing industry, delay resolution of the MPA issue, and weaken public faith in marine science if and when the benefits of MCZs are subsequently seen to be limited.
