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This book explores how technology can foster interaction between children and their peers, teachers and other adults. It presents the Co-EnACT framework to explain how technology can support children to collaborate, so helping them to learn and engage enjoyably with the world, in both work and play. The focus is on children, rather than young people, but the principles of supporting interaction apply throughout all life stages. Chapters on classrooms and on autism explain principles behind using technology in ways that support, rather than obstruct, social interaction in diverse populations. Collaborative interaction involves both verbal and non-verbal behaviour and this book presents evidence from closely analysing children’s behaviour in natural settings. Examples from cutting-edge technology illustrate principles applicable to more widely-available technology. The book will be of interest to psychologists, educators, researchers in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI), particularly those designing with children in mind, and practitioners working with children who want to deepen their understanding of using technology for collaboration.
Book Synopsis Technology to Support Children's Collaborative Interactions by : Nicola Yuill
Download or read book Technology to Support Children's Collaborative Interactions written by Nicola Yuill and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how technology can foster interaction between children and their peers, teachers and other adults. It presents the Co-EnACT framework to explain how technology can support children to collaborate, so helping them to learn and engage enjoyably with the world, in both work and play. The focus is on children, rather than young people, but the principles of supporting interaction apply throughout all life stages. Chapters on classrooms and on autism explain principles behind using technology in ways that support, rather than obstruct, social interaction in diverse populations. Collaborative interaction involves both verbal and non-verbal behaviour and this book presents evidence from closely analysing children’s behaviour in natural settings. Examples from cutting-edge technology illustrate principles applicable to more widely-available technology. The book will be of interest to psychologists, educators, researchers in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI), particularly those designing with children in mind, and practitioners working with children who want to deepen their understanding of using technology for collaboration.
This thesis explores preschool class children’s meaning making processes when they encounter evolution. By adopting social semiotic and sociocultural perspectives on meaning making, three group-based tasks were designed. Video data from the activities were analysed using a multimodal approach. The analysis focuses on how the communicated science content affects the science focus of the tasks, how different materials function as semiotic resources and influence meaning making, and interactive aspects of doing science in the meaning-making processes. The findings reveal that, by using the provided materials and their previous experiences, the children argue for different reasons for animal diversity and evolution. Throughout the tasks, a child-centric view of life emerged in a salient manner. This means that, apart from the science focus, the children also emphasise other aspects that they find important. The child-centric perspective is suggested to be a strength that enables children to engage in science activities. The results show that the provided materials had three functions. Children use materials as resources providing meaning. This means that the children draw on the meaning potential of the materials, a process that is influenced by their previous experiences. Moreover, in interaction with peers, the materials also serve as communicative and argumentative tools. Thus, access to materials influences the children’s meaning making and enables them to discuss evolution and “do science”. The findings also reveal an intimate relationship between task context and interaction. More scripted tasks convey more child–adult interaction (scaffolding) while less scripted tasks, during which children build on previous experiences instead of communicated science content, stimulates child–child interaction (mutual collaboration). In scaffolding interactions, a greater emphasis is placed on the science topic of the task due to guidance from the adult. Consequently, meanings made by children in more scripted tasks are more likely to be “scientifically correct”. However, if the teacher or the adult steps back and allows the children to engage in mutual collaboration, they engage in multiple ways of doing science through evaluating, observing, describing and comparing. Overall, the research reported in this thesis suggests that task contexts and materials have a great impact on children’s meaning making and how science is done. Den här avhandlingen utforskar förskolebarns meningsskapandeprocesser kring evolution. Tre gruppbaserade aktiviteter har designats. Videodata har analyserats utifrån ett multimodalt perspektiv på kommunikation. Analysen fokuserar på hur kommunicerade naturvetenskapliga beskrivningar av evolution påverkar aktiviteternas naturvetenskapliga fokus, materials funktion som semiotiska resurser och påverkan på meningsskapande och interaktiva aspekter av att göra naturvetenskap. Avhandlingens resultat visar att barnen, genom att använda material och sina tidigare erfarenheter, för olika resonemang kring varför djur utvecklas och blir olika. Genomgående har barnens syn på världen en betydande roll för meningsskapandeprocessen. Det betyder att barnen, förutom att fokusera på det naturvetenskapliga innehållet i aktiviteterna, också lägger stor vikt vid andra aspekter som är viktiga för dem. Det barncentrerade perspektivet förslås vara en styrka som möjliggör för barn att delta i och engageras av naturvetenskapliga aktiviteter. De material som barnen har tillgång till de i de olika aktiviteterna har tre funktioner. Barnen använder material som meningsgivande resurser, vilket betyder att barnen använder materialens meningspotential. Denna process påverkas av barnens tidigare erfarenheter. Vidare används materialen som kommunikativa- och argumentativa redskap i interaktion med andra. Tillgången till material påverkar således barnens meningsskapande och möjliggör att de kan diskutera evolution påverkar barnens naturvetenskapliga handlande. Avhandlingens resultat visar på en nära relation mellan uppgifters kontext och interaktion. Mer styrda aktiviteter medför mer interaktion mellan barn och vuxna (scaffolding). Mindre styrda aktiviteter, där barnen bygger på sina tidigare erfarenheter, stimulerar istället interaktion mellan barnen (mutual collaboration). Som ett resultat av den vuxnes agerande, läggs det större vikt vid det naturvetenskapliga innehållet (evolution) i scaffolding-interaktioner. Följaktligen är de meningar som skapas i mer styrda aktiviteter mer i linje med naturvetenskapliga förklaringar till evolution. Samtidigt finns det ett samband mellan att den vuxne kliver åt sidan och att barnen kliver fram och gör naturvetenskapliga handlingar som att utvärdera, observera, beskriva och jämföra. Sammanfattningsvis visar den här avhandlingen att uppgifters kontext och material har stor påverkan på barns meningsskapande och hur de gör naturvetenskap.
Book Synopsis Encountering Evolution by : Johanna Frejd
Download or read book Encountering Evolution written by Johanna Frejd and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-21 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores preschool class children’s meaning making processes when they encounter evolution. By adopting social semiotic and sociocultural perspectives on meaning making, three group-based tasks were designed. Video data from the activities were analysed using a multimodal approach. The analysis focuses on how the communicated science content affects the science focus of the tasks, how different materials function as semiotic resources and influence meaning making, and interactive aspects of doing science in the meaning-making processes. The findings reveal that, by using the provided materials and their previous experiences, the children argue for different reasons for animal diversity and evolution. Throughout the tasks, a child-centric view of life emerged in a salient manner. This means that, apart from the science focus, the children also emphasise other aspects that they find important. The child-centric perspective is suggested to be a strength that enables children to engage in science activities. The results show that the provided materials had three functions. Children use materials as resources providing meaning. This means that the children draw on the meaning potential of the materials, a process that is influenced by their previous experiences. Moreover, in interaction with peers, the materials also serve as communicative and argumentative tools. Thus, access to materials influences the children’s meaning making and enables them to discuss evolution and “do science”. The findings also reveal an intimate relationship between task context and interaction. More scripted tasks convey more child–adult interaction (scaffolding) while less scripted tasks, during which children build on previous experiences instead of communicated science content, stimulates child–child interaction (mutual collaboration). In scaffolding interactions, a greater emphasis is placed on the science topic of the task due to guidance from the adult. Consequently, meanings made by children in more scripted tasks are more likely to be “scientifically correct”. However, if the teacher or the adult steps back and allows the children to engage in mutual collaboration, they engage in multiple ways of doing science through evaluating, observing, describing and comparing. Overall, the research reported in this thesis suggests that task contexts and materials have a great impact on children’s meaning making and how science is done. Den här avhandlingen utforskar förskolebarns meningsskapandeprocesser kring evolution. Tre gruppbaserade aktiviteter har designats. Videodata har analyserats utifrån ett multimodalt perspektiv på kommunikation. Analysen fokuserar på hur kommunicerade naturvetenskapliga beskrivningar av evolution påverkar aktiviteternas naturvetenskapliga fokus, materials funktion som semiotiska resurser och påverkan på meningsskapande och interaktiva aspekter av att göra naturvetenskap. Avhandlingens resultat visar att barnen, genom att använda material och sina tidigare erfarenheter, för olika resonemang kring varför djur utvecklas och blir olika. Genomgående har barnens syn på världen en betydande roll för meningsskapandeprocessen. Det betyder att barnen, förutom att fokusera på det naturvetenskapliga innehållet i aktiviteterna, också lägger stor vikt vid andra aspekter som är viktiga för dem. Det barncentrerade perspektivet förslås vara en styrka som möjliggör för barn att delta i och engageras av naturvetenskapliga aktiviteter. De material som barnen har tillgång till de i de olika aktiviteterna har tre funktioner. Barnen använder material som meningsgivande resurser, vilket betyder att barnen använder materialens meningspotential. Denna process påverkas av barnens tidigare erfarenheter. Vidare används materialen som kommunikativa- och argumentativa redskap i interaktion med andra. Tillgången till material påverkar således barnens meningsskapande och möjliggör att de kan diskutera evolution påverkar barnens naturvetenskapliga handlande. Avhandlingens resultat visar på en nära relation mellan uppgifters kontext och interaktion. Mer styrda aktiviteter medför mer interaktion mellan barn och vuxna (scaffolding). Mindre styrda aktiviteter, där barnen bygger på sina tidigare erfarenheter, stimulerar istället interaktion mellan barnen (mutual collaboration). Som ett resultat av den vuxnes agerande, läggs det större vikt vid det naturvetenskapliga innehållet (evolution) i scaffolding-interaktioner. Följaktligen är de meningar som skapas i mer styrda aktiviteter mer i linje med naturvetenskapliga förklaringar till evolution. Samtidigt finns det ett samband mellan att den vuxne kliver åt sidan och att barnen kliver fram och gör naturvetenskapliga handlingar som att utvärdera, observera, beskriva och jämföra. Sammanfattningsvis visar den här avhandlingen att uppgifters kontext och material har stor påverkan på barns meningsskapande och hur de gör naturvetenskap.
Book Synopsis Computer Support Collaborative Learining Practices by : Claire O'Malley
Download or read book Computer Support Collaborative Learining Practices written by Claire O'Malley and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Proceedings of: CSCL 2002 meeting in Boulder, Colorado, January 7-11, 2002.
Book Synopsis Computer Support for Collaborative Learning by : Gerry Stahl
Download or read book Computer Support for Collaborative Learning written by Gerry Stahl and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of: CSCL 2002 meeting in Boulder, Colorado, January 7-11, 2002.
An essential guide for any professionals working with autistic children and young adults, this book provides expert insights which need to be considered by professionals, parents and autistic people alike. It covers key themes such as anxiety and wellbeing, transition into adulthood, sexuality, intersectionality, and many more. A unique blend of first-hand experience, parental guidance and professional advice is provided from prominent figures in the autism field to offer you an overview of the important issues of today, to help you understand and better support autistic young people.
Book Synopsis Educational Psychology Perspectives on Supporting Young Autistic People by : Judith Gainsborough
Download or read book Educational Psychology Perspectives on Supporting Young Autistic People written by Judith Gainsborough and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2022-04-21 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential guide for any professionals working with autistic children and young adults, this book provides expert insights which need to be considered by professionals, parents and autistic people alike. It covers key themes such as anxiety and wellbeing, transition into adulthood, sexuality, intersectionality, and many more. A unique blend of first-hand experience, parental guidance and professional advice is provided from prominent figures in the autism field to offer you an overview of the important issues of today, to help you understand and better support autistic young people.
A comprehensive look at the promise and potential of online learning In our digital age, students have dramatically new learning needs and must be prepared for the idea economy of the future. In Getting Smart, well-known global education expert Tom Vander Ark examines the facets of educational innovation in the United States and abroad. Vander Ark makes a convincing case for a blend of online and onsite learning, shares inspiring stories of schools and programs that effectively offer "personal digital learning" opportunities, and discusses what we need to do to remake our schools into "smart schools." Examines the innovation-driven world, discusses how to combine online and onsite learning, and reviews "smart tools" for learning Investigates the lives of learning professionals, outlines the new employment bargain, examines online universities and "smart schools" Makes the case for smart capital, advocates for policies that create better learning, studies smart cultures
Book Synopsis Getting Smart by : Tom Vander Ark
Download or read book Getting Smart written by Tom Vander Ark and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive look at the promise and potential of online learning In our digital age, students have dramatically new learning needs and must be prepared for the idea economy of the future. In Getting Smart, well-known global education expert Tom Vander Ark examines the facets of educational innovation in the United States and abroad. Vander Ark makes a convincing case for a blend of online and onsite learning, shares inspiring stories of schools and programs that effectively offer "personal digital learning" opportunities, and discusses what we need to do to remake our schools into "smart schools." Examines the innovation-driven world, discusses how to combine online and onsite learning, and reviews "smart tools" for learning Investigates the lives of learning professionals, outlines the new employment bargain, examines online universities and "smart schools" Makes the case for smart capital, advocates for policies that create better learning, studies smart cultures
First released in the Spring of 1999, How People Learn has been expanded to show how the theories and insights from the original book can translate into actions and practice, now making a real connection between classroom activities and learning behavior. This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for research that could increase the impact that classroom teaching has on actual learning. Like the original edition, this book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to a number of compelling questions. When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methodsâ€"to help children learn most effectively? New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education.
Book Synopsis How People Learn by : National Research Council
Download or read book How People Learn written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-11 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First released in the Spring of 1999, How People Learn has been expanded to show how the theories and insights from the original book can translate into actions and practice, now making a real connection between classroom activities and learning behavior. This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for research that could increase the impact that classroom teaching has on actual learning. Like the original edition, this book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to a number of compelling questions. When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methodsâ€"to help children learn most effectively? New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education.
Inclusion is an approach, commonly known within education, in which individuals with and without disabilities meaningfully and equitably participate in the same setting. For children, inclusive programs support the development of important social and emotional skills, like empathy and appreciation for human diversity. Within early childhood inclusive programs, supporting play between children with and without disabilities enables young children to naturally learn how to, for example, communicate, cooperate, make and maintain friendships, and take different perspectives. This play between children with diverse abilities and needs is known as inclusive play. While researchers in other fields have worked to understand how to promote opportunities for children with disabilities to play with their peers in inclusive settings, there is less research in human-computer interaction that works to design and study technologies that promote collaborative play between children with and without disabilities. In this dissertation, I research how technology might be designed to support young children with diverse abilities and needs in playing together, inclusively. Here, I integrate theories and methods from design, human-computer interaction, early childhood inclusive education, and the learning sciences. First, I gained a formative understanding of the design space through design-based and ethnographic-oriented research with children, teachers, and parents. This research enabled me to unpack the attitudes, practices, and environmental factors that may have implications for technology design in this area. For example, transparency about disability, how all children have similarities and differences, and how all children have situated strengths and needs is pivotal in supporting children with inclusive play. Using what I learned from this study, I designed and built a photography-based tablet application, called Incloodle, for neurotypical and neurodivergent children to play with together. I used this system as the basis of laboratory study that allowed me to investigate, in a controlled environment, the impact of specific design features on children’s ability to inclusively play together. One important finding was that Incloodle’s technology-enforcement (i.e., two-person face detection during picture taking) helped children, who otherwise had trouble cooperating, take photographs together that included both their faces in the frame. However, for children who did not need this additional support, technology-enforcement limited their creativity. Drawing on the results of this study, I iterated on the design of Incloodle and added the ability for children to wirelessly print their pictures. I then used this redesigned prototype as an intervention in an inclusive kindergarten classroom for 10 weeks. Using video data I collected during the intervention, I conducted an interaction analysis of how neurodiverse groups of children collaboratively played with Incloodle, with additional support from both me and teachers, in this context. My analysis provides insight into the ways that Incloodle mediated children’s interactions, connections with each other, and negotiation of their positioning in the real world to match what was seen in virtual space. Here, I argue the interactions that emerged during the intervention were evidence of children’s joint learning of how to be inclusive spatially, in verbal and nonverbal communication, and in engagement with, around, and through the device. Drawing together my findings across these three studies, I offer considerations for designing technology for inclusive play as a form of meaningful participation and learning among children with and without disabilities. With this work, I hope to shift how designers think about designing for diverse abilities, accessibility, and collaborative engagement to help create and shape a more equitable, inclusive world.
Book Synopsis Designing Technology for Inclusive Play by : Kiley Sobel
Download or read book Designing Technology for Inclusive Play written by Kiley Sobel and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inclusion is an approach, commonly known within education, in which individuals with and without disabilities meaningfully and equitably participate in the same setting. For children, inclusive programs support the development of important social and emotional skills, like empathy and appreciation for human diversity. Within early childhood inclusive programs, supporting play between children with and without disabilities enables young children to naturally learn how to, for example, communicate, cooperate, make and maintain friendships, and take different perspectives. This play between children with diverse abilities and needs is known as inclusive play. While researchers in other fields have worked to understand how to promote opportunities for children with disabilities to play with their peers in inclusive settings, there is less research in human-computer interaction that works to design and study technologies that promote collaborative play between children with and without disabilities. In this dissertation, I research how technology might be designed to support young children with diverse abilities and needs in playing together, inclusively. Here, I integrate theories and methods from design, human-computer interaction, early childhood inclusive education, and the learning sciences. First, I gained a formative understanding of the design space through design-based and ethnographic-oriented research with children, teachers, and parents. This research enabled me to unpack the attitudes, practices, and environmental factors that may have implications for technology design in this area. For example, transparency about disability, how all children have similarities and differences, and how all children have situated strengths and needs is pivotal in supporting children with inclusive play. Using what I learned from this study, I designed and built a photography-based tablet application, called Incloodle, for neurotypical and neurodivergent children to play with together. I used this system as the basis of laboratory study that allowed me to investigate, in a controlled environment, the impact of specific design features on children’s ability to inclusively play together. One important finding was that Incloodle’s technology-enforcement (i.e., two-person face detection during picture taking) helped children, who otherwise had trouble cooperating, take photographs together that included both their faces in the frame. However, for children who did not need this additional support, technology-enforcement limited their creativity. Drawing on the results of this study, I iterated on the design of Incloodle and added the ability for children to wirelessly print their pictures. I then used this redesigned prototype as an intervention in an inclusive kindergarten classroom for 10 weeks. Using video data I collected during the intervention, I conducted an interaction analysis of how neurodiverse groups of children collaboratively played with Incloodle, with additional support from both me and teachers, in this context. My analysis provides insight into the ways that Incloodle mediated children’s interactions, connections with each other, and negotiation of their positioning in the real world to match what was seen in virtual space. Here, I argue the interactions that emerged during the intervention were evidence of children’s joint learning of how to be inclusive spatially, in verbal and nonverbal communication, and in engagement with, around, and through the device. Drawing together my findings across these three studies, I offer considerations for designing technology for inclusive play as a form of meaningful participation and learning among children with and without disabilities. With this work, I hope to shift how designers think about designing for diverse abilities, accessibility, and collaborative engagement to help create and shape a more equitable, inclusive world.
In the dynamic field of education, leaders confront unprecedented challenges necessitating effective crisis management and creative problem-solving skills. The Covid-19 pandemic has underscored the criticality of innovative approaches to educational leadership, enabling leaders to navigate uncertainty, adapt to rapid changes, and sustain educational institutions. Nevertheless, limited resources exist to guide leaders in the post-pandemic world, revealing a significant research gap. Promoting Crisis Management and Creative Problem-Solving Skills in Educational Leadership addresses this urgent issue by offering a comprehensive solution. Authored by renowned scholars and practitioners, this book presents a roadmap for reimagining educational leadership, equipping leaders with the necessary skills to thrive in challenging times. By exploring diverse perspectives and drawing from real-world experiences, the book empowers educational leaders to effectively manage crises, inspire stakeholders, and guide organizations toward success and sustainability. By focusing on crisis management, innovative problem-solving strategies, and the development of essential leadership competencies, this book fills the void in the current literature. It not only provides insights into the distinctive challenges of the post-pandemic world but also offers practical guidance and actionable recommendations for leaders in educational settings. Scholars, policymakers, researchers, and practitioners who engage with this book will gain valuable knowledge and tools to navigate the complexities of educational leadership, ensuring the continuous growth and enhancement of their institutions.
Book Synopsis Promoting Crisis Management and Creative Problem-Solving Skills in Educational Leadership by : Munna, Afzal Sayed
Download or read book Promoting Crisis Management and Creative Problem-Solving Skills in Educational Leadership written by Munna, Afzal Sayed and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-01-17 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the dynamic field of education, leaders confront unprecedented challenges necessitating effective crisis management and creative problem-solving skills. The Covid-19 pandemic has underscored the criticality of innovative approaches to educational leadership, enabling leaders to navigate uncertainty, adapt to rapid changes, and sustain educational institutions. Nevertheless, limited resources exist to guide leaders in the post-pandemic world, revealing a significant research gap. Promoting Crisis Management and Creative Problem-Solving Skills in Educational Leadership addresses this urgent issue by offering a comprehensive solution. Authored by renowned scholars and practitioners, this book presents a roadmap for reimagining educational leadership, equipping leaders with the necessary skills to thrive in challenging times. By exploring diverse perspectives and drawing from real-world experiences, the book empowers educational leaders to effectively manage crises, inspire stakeholders, and guide organizations toward success and sustainability. By focusing on crisis management, innovative problem-solving strategies, and the development of essential leadership competencies, this book fills the void in the current literature. It not only provides insights into the distinctive challenges of the post-pandemic world but also offers practical guidance and actionable recommendations for leaders in educational settings. Scholars, policymakers, researchers, and practitioners who engage with this book will gain valuable knowledge and tools to navigate the complexities of educational leadership, ensuring the continuous growth and enhancement of their institutions.
The nature of technology has changed since Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) was conceptualized as a research community and Interactive Learning Environments were initially developed.
Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence in Education by : Rosemary Luckin
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Education written by Rosemary Luckin and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of technology has changed since Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) was conceptualized as a research community and Interactive Learning Environments were initially developed.
