The Ecology of Mycobacteria

The Ecology of Mycobacteria

Author: J. Kazda

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 79

ISBN-13: 9401141029

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Detailed information dealing with the ecology of mycobacteria is derived from a variety of different scientific fields such as botany, biochemistry, genetics, immunology, microbiology and epidemiology. This is the first attempt to evaluate this information from an ecological point of view and to develop a strategy for the prevention of tuberculosis and other mycobacterioses based on the ecological behavior of mycobacteria, especially the potentially pathogenic species capable of either growth in the environment or provoking disease. Regarding the interests of the developing countries, special attention is paid to the ecology of Mycobacterium leprae and to the supporting effect of accompanying mycobacteria in its pathogenicity. On a more positive side, environmental mycobacteria play an important role in the ecology of moorland dragonflies. Such a book is needed for specialists working in the field of mycobacterial research, clinical laboratories, the public health service, food hygiene, the water industry and in general ecology.


Book Synopsis The Ecology of Mycobacteria by : J. Kazda

Download or read book The Ecology of Mycobacteria written by J. Kazda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed information dealing with the ecology of mycobacteria is derived from a variety of different scientific fields such as botany, biochemistry, genetics, immunology, microbiology and epidemiology. This is the first attempt to evaluate this information from an ecological point of view and to develop a strategy for the prevention of tuberculosis and other mycobacterioses based on the ecological behavior of mycobacteria, especially the potentially pathogenic species capable of either growth in the environment or provoking disease. Regarding the interests of the developing countries, special attention is paid to the ecology of Mycobacterium leprae and to the supporting effect of accompanying mycobacteria in its pathogenicity. On a more positive side, environmental mycobacteria play an important role in the ecology of moorland dragonflies. Such a book is needed for specialists working in the field of mycobacterial research, clinical laboratories, the public health service, food hygiene, the water industry and in general ecology.

The Ecology of Mycobacteria: Impact on Animal's and Human's Health

The Ecology of Mycobacteria: Impact on Animal's and Human's Health

Author: Jindrich Kazda

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-06-10

Total Pages: 528

ISBN-13: 1402094132

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habitats and the overlapping of these biotopes by humans and animals contributed to the spread of mycobacteria and perhaps to their convergence to pathogenicity. It was not our intention to present a compendium covering all published results, but rather to issue a “readable” book, which is illustrative and thus focused on the principle facts. The increase in the number of Editors has allowed the sharing of original experiences regarding the ecology of mycobacteria, published here for the ?rst time in some cases. The supplemented edition should serve as a guide to these discoveries and also contribute to an understanding of clinically signi?cant species in human and animal medicine. Borstel, Germany, January 2009 Jindrich Kazda Editors’Comments The editors responsible for the chapters are listed under the title of each chapter. Authors are listed under the titles of subchapters. The references are listed as they appear in the databases Reference Manager (Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia) as imported from Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia) or PubMed (Medline, NLM Bethesda). A few citations, not indexed, were cited according to the reprints or books available. This principle resulted in minor differences in the titles (not all reference titles are in English, some references have capitalized title words, not all species names are according to the contemporary nomenclature and in italics). Some journals are cited with abbreviated titles, some in full, as available in the source databases. These differences were left in the format of the database.


Book Synopsis The Ecology of Mycobacteria: Impact on Animal's and Human's Health by : Jindrich Kazda

Download or read book The Ecology of Mycobacteria: Impact on Animal's and Human's Health written by Jindrich Kazda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: habitats and the overlapping of these biotopes by humans and animals contributed to the spread of mycobacteria and perhaps to their convergence to pathogenicity. It was not our intention to present a compendium covering all published results, but rather to issue a “readable” book, which is illustrative and thus focused on the principle facts. The increase in the number of Editors has allowed the sharing of original experiences regarding the ecology of mycobacteria, published here for the ?rst time in some cases. The supplemented edition should serve as a guide to these discoveries and also contribute to an understanding of clinically signi?cant species in human and animal medicine. Borstel, Germany, January 2009 Jindrich Kazda Editors’Comments The editors responsible for the chapters are listed under the title of each chapter. Authors are listed under the titles of subchapters. The references are listed as they appear in the databases Reference Manager (Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia) as imported from Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia) or PubMed (Medline, NLM Bethesda). A few citations, not indexed, were cited according to the reprints or books available. This principle resulted in minor differences in the titles (not all reference titles are in English, some references have capitalized title words, not all species names are according to the contemporary nomenclature and in italics). Some journals are cited with abbreviated titles, some in full, as available in the source databases. These differences were left in the format of the database.

Pathogenic Mycobacteria in Water

Pathogenic Mycobacteria in Water

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2004-09-23

Total Pages: 259

ISBN-13: 9241562595

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Environmental mycobacteria can be found in diverse environments around the world, some of which have the ability to infect animals, birds and humans and have evolved mechanisms by which they can invade and grow within host cells, the pathogenic environmental mycobacteria (PEM). Although the diseases caused by these organisms have been known for many years, it is only recently that the potential significance of PEM as a waterborne pathogen has been appreciated. This publication discusses current knowledge about the distribution of PEM in water and other parts of the environment, the routes of transmission that lead to human infection, the most significant disease symptoms that can follow infection, methods of analysis and detection, the control of PEM in drinking-water and the assessment and management of risks.


Book Synopsis Pathogenic Mycobacteria in Water by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Pathogenic Mycobacteria in Water written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004-09-23 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental mycobacteria can be found in diverse environments around the world, some of which have the ability to infect animals, birds and humans and have evolved mechanisms by which they can invade and grow within host cells, the pathogenic environmental mycobacteria (PEM). Although the diseases caused by these organisms have been known for many years, it is only recently that the potential significance of PEM as a waterborne pathogen has been appreciated. This publication discusses current knowledge about the distribution of PEM in water and other parts of the environment, the routes of transmission that lead to human infection, the most significant disease symptoms that can follow infection, methods of analysis and detection, the control of PEM in drinking-water and the assessment and management of risks.

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)

Author: Ali Akbar Velayati

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2019-01-10

Total Pages: 346

ISBN-13: 0128146931

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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM): Microbiological, Clinical and Geographical Distribution is a complete reference that stimulates a greater understanding of NTM infections. Sections cover microbiologic and molecular diagnostic tools, drug susceptibility tests, human genetic susceptibility, prevalence and incidence studies, clinical and radiological presentations, and clinical trials for antibiotic therapy. With the incidence rate of NTM infections increasing globally during the last decade, significant mortality and morbidity must be addressed. This important reference will provide research scientists, clinical microbiologists, hospital diagnostic technicians, and post graduate medical and science students with information on the epidemiology, prevalence, microbiology and clinical aspects of NTM. Highlights new findings in the epidemiological distribution and new diagnosis and treatment protocol of mycobacterial infections Debates new advances in the detection of NTM Demonstrates the distribution of NTM in the environment and its relationship with human infection using a geographical information system (GIS) Includes new radiological findings in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in the lung using CT and PET-Scan imaging


Book Synopsis Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) by : Ali Akbar Velayati

Download or read book Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) written by Ali Akbar Velayati and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM): Microbiological, Clinical and Geographical Distribution is a complete reference that stimulates a greater understanding of NTM infections. Sections cover microbiologic and molecular diagnostic tools, drug susceptibility tests, human genetic susceptibility, prevalence and incidence studies, clinical and radiological presentations, and clinical trials for antibiotic therapy. With the incidence rate of NTM infections increasing globally during the last decade, significant mortality and morbidity must be addressed. This important reference will provide research scientists, clinical microbiologists, hospital diagnostic technicians, and post graduate medical and science students with information on the epidemiology, prevalence, microbiology and clinical aspects of NTM. Highlights new findings in the epidemiological distribution and new diagnosis and treatment protocol of mycobacterial infections Debates new advances in the detection of NTM Demonstrates the distribution of NTM in the environment and its relationship with human infection using a geographical information system (GIS) Includes new radiological findings in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in the lung using CT and PET-Scan imaging

Buruli Ulcer

Buruli Ulcer

Author: Gerd Pluschke

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-04-29

Total Pages: 287

ISBN-13: 3030111148

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A major objective of this open access book is to summarize the current status of Buruli Ulcer (BU) research for the first time. It will identify gaps in our knowledge, stimulate research and support control of the disease by providing insight into approaches for surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of Buruli Ulcer. Book chapters will cover the history, epidemiology diagnosis, treatment and disease burden of BU and provide insight into the microbiology, genomics, transmission and virulence of Mycobacterium ulcerans.


Book Synopsis Buruli Ulcer by : Gerd Pluschke

Download or read book Buruli Ulcer written by Gerd Pluschke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major objective of this open access book is to summarize the current status of Buruli Ulcer (BU) research for the first time. It will identify gaps in our knowledge, stimulate research and support control of the disease by providing insight into approaches for surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of Buruli Ulcer. Book chapters will cover the history, epidemiology diagnosis, treatment and disease burden of BU and provide insight into the microbiology, genomics, transmission and virulence of Mycobacterium ulcerans.

Mycobacteria

Mycobacteria

Author: Pattisapu R.J. Gangadharam

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1997-10-31

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13: 9780412054518

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Mycobacteria is divided into two volumes. The first volume deals with the basic biology of mycobacteria. With its emphasis on the state of the art outlook, this volume includes taxonomy and molecular biology of mycobacteria, modern approaches for detection of mycobacteria, and immunology and immunization against tuberculosis. The second volume covers drug trestments for mycobacteria anad tuberculosis. It outlines trends of discovery and development of chemotherapy, starting from the mid-50's to present day uses of chemotherapy in treating AIDS, drug-resistant tuberculosis, and other non-tuberculosis mycobacterial diseases.


Book Synopsis Mycobacteria by : Pattisapu R.J. Gangadharam

Download or read book Mycobacteria written by Pattisapu R.J. Gangadharam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-10-31 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycobacteria is divided into two volumes. The first volume deals with the basic biology of mycobacteria. With its emphasis on the state of the art outlook, this volume includes taxonomy and molecular biology of mycobacteria, modern approaches for detection of mycobacteria, and immunology and immunization against tuberculosis. The second volume covers drug trestments for mycobacteria anad tuberculosis. It outlines trends of discovery and development of chemotherapy, starting from the mid-50's to present day uses of chemotherapy in treating AIDS, drug-resistant tuberculosis, and other non-tuberculosis mycobacterial diseases.

The Diversity and Distribution of Mycobacterium Species in Varying Ecological and Climatic Environments

The Diversity and Distribution of Mycobacterium Species in Varying Ecological and Climatic Environments

Author: Tanya Khera

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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The species within the genus Mycobacterium are commonly detected in a variety of environments including soil, water and dust. Many species within the group are capable of causing opportunistic diseases and are hypothesised to be responsible for the reduction in BCG efficacy in tropical countries. Consequently it is important to understand the diversity and biogeography of mycobacteria in the environment. Soil and water samples were collected from a total of 42 residential sites in 9 different climatic regions. To determine community composition, community DNA was extracted and amplicon pyrosequencing was employed to target the 16S rRNA gene of the Mycobacterium genus and slow-growing mycobacteria. Quantitative PCR was employed to quantify the total abundance of Mycobacterium species and specifically members of the M. tuberculosis complex. The study revealed a greater diversity of both fast-growing and slow-growing mycobacteria than previously reported. Prevalent species in soil were closely related to the fast growers M. neglectum, M. moriokaense and the slow growers M. malmoense and M. colombiense, in contrast to water had a high abundance of sequences related to the fast growers M. aurum sp. ATCC 23070, M. neoaurum and the slow-growers M. gordonae and M. colombiense. The abundance of the Mycobacterium genus ranged from 3.35 x 101 to 8.01 x108 gene copies per gram/ml. M. bovis was detected in six environmental samples using qPCR. Biogeographical analysis demonstrated the importance of elevation and temperature for the community composition of mycobacteria in soil. A nonlinear relationship was observed between elevation and the outcome variables Mycobacterium species richness, diversity and abundance with a peak midelevation. In contrast latitude was the primary factor to explain the composition and diversity of mycobacteria in water samples. To our knowledge this is the first time that the diversity and abundance of mycobacteria has been elucidated on a large geographical scale using pyrosequencing and multivariate analyses. Results indicate ample opportunity for human exposure to mycobacteria with potentially pathogenic species in soil and water substrates. These results have implications for the risk of infection and similar biogeographical surveys on a worldwide scale may provide improved correlations with BCG vaccine efficacy.


Book Synopsis The Diversity and Distribution of Mycobacterium Species in Varying Ecological and Climatic Environments by : Tanya Khera

Download or read book The Diversity and Distribution of Mycobacterium Species in Varying Ecological and Climatic Environments written by Tanya Khera and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The species within the genus Mycobacterium are commonly detected in a variety of environments including soil, water and dust. Many species within the group are capable of causing opportunistic diseases and are hypothesised to be responsible for the reduction in BCG efficacy in tropical countries. Consequently it is important to understand the diversity and biogeography of mycobacteria in the environment. Soil and water samples were collected from a total of 42 residential sites in 9 different climatic regions. To determine community composition, community DNA was extracted and amplicon pyrosequencing was employed to target the 16S rRNA gene of the Mycobacterium genus and slow-growing mycobacteria. Quantitative PCR was employed to quantify the total abundance of Mycobacterium species and specifically members of the M. tuberculosis complex. The study revealed a greater diversity of both fast-growing and slow-growing mycobacteria than previously reported. Prevalent species in soil were closely related to the fast growers M. neglectum, M. moriokaense and the slow growers M. malmoense and M. colombiense, in contrast to water had a high abundance of sequences related to the fast growers M. aurum sp. ATCC 23070, M. neoaurum and the slow-growers M. gordonae and M. colombiense. The abundance of the Mycobacterium genus ranged from 3.35 x 101 to 8.01 x108 gene copies per gram/ml. M. bovis was detected in six environmental samples using qPCR. Biogeographical analysis demonstrated the importance of elevation and temperature for the community composition of mycobacteria in soil. A nonlinear relationship was observed between elevation and the outcome variables Mycobacterium species richness, diversity and abundance with a peak midelevation. In contrast latitude was the primary factor to explain the composition and diversity of mycobacteria in water samples. To our knowledge this is the first time that the diversity and abundance of mycobacteria has been elucidated on a large geographical scale using pyrosequencing and multivariate analyses. Results indicate ample opportunity for human exposure to mycobacteria with potentially pathogenic species in soil and water substrates. These results have implications for the risk of infection and similar biogeographical surveys on a worldwide scale may provide improved correlations with BCG vaccine efficacy.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Author: Mauro Bendinelli

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 438

ISBN-13: 1468454188

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Tuberculosis once again occupies a special position in the areas of infec tious diseases and microbiology. This disease has been important to mankind since even before biblical times. Tuberculosis has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, especially in highly ur banized Europe, until a few decades ago. Indeed, this disease became a center of many novels, plays, and operas, since it appeared to be quite popular to have the heroine dying of "consumption. " Most importantly, tuberculosis also became the focus of attention for many investigations during the 19th and even the 20th centuries. Major advances were made in the areas of isolation and identification of M. tuberculosis and related microorganisms. The discovery, by Robert Koch, that tuberculosis was caused by an infectious agent revolutionized our thinking about dis eases. Koch's postulates were developed with tuberculosis in mind and became a focal point for many advances in microbiology and medicine. Studies with mycobacteria as a central focus have also led to revolu tionary new concepts about immunology in general. Koch himself showed that those exposed to M. tuberculosis develop a skin hypersen sitivity or allergy to the microorganism's antigens, an observation which was the starting point for many important developments. Indeed, imme diate-type hypersensitivity and atopic or IgE-mediated allergy were de fined in relation to the delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity evi denced with the tubercle bacillus.


Book Synopsis Mycobacterium tuberculosis by : Mauro Bendinelli

Download or read book Mycobacterium tuberculosis written by Mauro Bendinelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis once again occupies a special position in the areas of infec tious diseases and microbiology. This disease has been important to mankind since even before biblical times. Tuberculosis has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, especially in highly ur banized Europe, until a few decades ago. Indeed, this disease became a center of many novels, plays, and operas, since it appeared to be quite popular to have the heroine dying of "consumption. " Most importantly, tuberculosis also became the focus of attention for many investigations during the 19th and even the 20th centuries. Major advances were made in the areas of isolation and identification of M. tuberculosis and related microorganisms. The discovery, by Robert Koch, that tuberculosis was caused by an infectious agent revolutionized our thinking about dis eases. Koch's postulates were developed with tuberculosis in mind and became a focal point for many advances in microbiology and medicine. Studies with mycobacteria as a central focus have also led to revolu tionary new concepts about immunology in general. Koch himself showed that those exposed to M. tuberculosis develop a skin hypersen sitivity or allergy to the microorganism's antigens, an observation which was the starting point for many important developments. Indeed, imme diate-type hypersensitivity and atopic or IgE-mediated allergy were de fined in relation to the delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity evi denced with the tubercle bacillus.

Never Home Alone

Never Home Alone

Author: Rob Dunn

Publisher: Basic Books

Published: 2018-11-06

Total Pages: 380

ISBN-13: 154164574X

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A natural history of the wilderness in our homes, from the microbes in our showers to the crickets in our basements Even when the floors are sparkling clean and the house seems silent, our domestic domain is wild beyond imagination. In Never Home Alone, biologist Rob Dunn introduces us to the nearly 200,000 species living with us in our own homes, from the Egyptian meal moths in our cupboards and camel crickets in our basements to the lactobacillus lounging on our kitchen counters. You are not alone. Yet, as we obsess over sterilizing our homes and separating our spaces from nature, we are unwittingly cultivating an entirely new playground for evolution. These changes are reshaping the organisms that live with us -- prompting some to become more dangerous, while undermining those species that benefit our bodies or help us keep more threatening organisms at bay. No one who reads this engrossing, revelatory book will look at their homes in the same way again.


Book Synopsis Never Home Alone by : Rob Dunn

Download or read book Never Home Alone written by Rob Dunn and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2018-11-06 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A natural history of the wilderness in our homes, from the microbes in our showers to the crickets in our basements Even when the floors are sparkling clean and the house seems silent, our domestic domain is wild beyond imagination. In Never Home Alone, biologist Rob Dunn introduces us to the nearly 200,000 species living with us in our own homes, from the Egyptian meal moths in our cupboards and camel crickets in our basements to the lactobacillus lounging on our kitchen counters. You are not alone. Yet, as we obsess over sterilizing our homes and separating our spaces from nature, we are unwittingly cultivating an entirely new playground for evolution. These changes are reshaping the organisms that live with us -- prompting some to become more dangerous, while undermining those species that benefit our bodies or help us keep more threatening organisms at bay. No one who reads this engrossing, revelatory book will look at their homes in the same way again.

The Biology of the Mycobacteria: Physiology, identification, and classification

The Biology of the Mycobacteria: Physiology, identification, and classification

Author: Colin Ratledge

Publisher:

Published: 1982

Total Pages: 566

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis The Biology of the Mycobacteria: Physiology, identification, and classification by : Colin Ratledge

Download or read book The Biology of the Mycobacteria: Physiology, identification, and classification written by Colin Ratledge and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: