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One-third of the world's girls are married before the age of eighteen, limiting both their educational and economic potential. Child marriage is damaging to global prosperity and stability, yet despite the urgency of the issue, there remains a significant lack of data on the subject. Senior Fellow Gayle Tzemach Lemmon discusses both the factors that contribute to and strategies that have proved effective against child marriage.
Book Synopsis Child Brides, Global Consequences by : Gayle Tzemach Lemmon
Download or read book Child Brides, Global Consequences written by Gayle Tzemach Lemmon and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One-third of the world's girls are married before the age of eighteen, limiting both their educational and economic potential. Child marriage is damaging to global prosperity and stability, yet despite the urgency of the issue, there remains a significant lack of data on the subject. Senior Fellow Gayle Tzemach Lemmon discusses both the factors that contribute to and strategies that have proved effective against child marriage.
Ending child marriage is not only a moral imperative—it is a strategic imperative that will further critical U.S. foreign policy interests in development, prosperity, stability, and the rule of law.
Book Synopsis Ending Child Marriage by : Rachel B. Vogelstein
Download or read book Ending Child Marriage written by Rachel B. Vogelstein and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ending child marriage is not only a moral imperative—it is a strategic imperative that will further critical U.S. foreign policy interests in development, prosperity, stability, and the rule of law.
Bias analysis quantifies the influence of systematic error on an epidemiology study’s estimate of association. The fundamental methods of bias analysis in epi- miology have been well described for decades, yet are seldom applied in published presentations of epidemiologic research. More recent advances in bias analysis, such as probabilistic bias analysis, appear even more rarely. We suspect that there are both supply-side and demand-side explanations for the scarcity of bias analysis. On the demand side, journal reviewers and editors seldom request that authors address systematic error aside from listing them as limitations of their particular study. This listing is often accompanied by explanations for why the limitations should not pose much concern. On the supply side, methods for bias analysis receive little attention in most epidemiology curriculums, are often scattered throughout textbooks or absent from them altogether, and cannot be implemented easily using standard statistical computing software. Our objective in this text is to reduce these supply-side barriers, with the hope that demand for quantitative bias analysis will follow.
Book Synopsis Applying Quantitative Bias Analysis to Epidemiologic Data by : Timothy L. Lash
Download or read book Applying Quantitative Bias Analysis to Epidemiologic Data written by Timothy L. Lash and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bias analysis quantifies the influence of systematic error on an epidemiology study’s estimate of association. The fundamental methods of bias analysis in epi- miology have been well described for decades, yet are seldom applied in published presentations of epidemiologic research. More recent advances in bias analysis, such as probabilistic bias analysis, appear even more rarely. We suspect that there are both supply-side and demand-side explanations for the scarcity of bias analysis. On the demand side, journal reviewers and editors seldom request that authors address systematic error aside from listing them as limitations of their particular study. This listing is often accompanied by explanations for why the limitations should not pose much concern. On the supply side, methods for bias analysis receive little attention in most epidemiology curriculums, are often scattered throughout textbooks or absent from them altogether, and cannot be implemented easily using standard statistical computing software. Our objective in this text is to reduce these supply-side barriers, with the hope that demand for quantitative bias analysis will follow.
Child marriage affects many people around the world; financially, mentally, physically and sexually. This book helps girls, boys, their families and communities to learn about the risks of child marriage.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Child Marriage by : Innocent Chibatamoto
Download or read book The Effects of Child Marriage written by Innocent Chibatamoto and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child marriage affects many people around the world; financially, mentally, physically and sexually. This book helps girls, boys, their families and communities to learn about the risks of child marriage.
A case-control study based on data from the vaginal cytologic survey of Memphis, Tennessee, which reached all levels of the city, is used to relate the etiology of cervical cancer to socioeconomic status, age at 1st marriage, and age at 1st pregnancy. Because evidence suggests that the epidemiologic distribution of squamous cell carcinoma differs from that of adenocarcinoma, cases are limited to the squamous type (SCC). Because of the different racial incidence of SCC and other types of cervical cancer, all data are presented separately by race. Among never-married white women, 6.5 cases of SCC would be statistically expected; 0 were found. Among never-married black women 3.5 would be expected; 1 was found. For intraepithelial carcinoma (IC) 10.4 cases would be expected for whites and 5 were found; 6.6 expected for nonwhite , 3 found. Among married whites, cases of SCC and IC were roughly the same as expected but age at marriage under age 18, expected cases of SCC were 25.8, observed were 48; expected IC was 34.9, observed was 66. (p=.001 for SCC and p=.0001 for IC). Among nonwhites, expected SCC for women married under 18 was 38.0 observed was 37; expected IC 38.4, observed 36. The expected and observed cases gradually came into agreement until age at 1st marriage reached 25+. Then for whites expected SCC was 25.1 and observed was 14; for nonwhites expected SCC was 12.3 and observed was 7. For IC, expected for whites was 27.7, observed 17 and for nonwhite 6.6 expected and 10 observed. For white women similar figures showed age at 1st pregnancy and socioeconomic area of residence are definitely associated with histologically confirmed cases of invasive and intraepithelial carcinoma of the cervix as well as with uncomfirmed cases with suspicious and positive cytologic findings. Early pregnancy and lower categories. For nonwhite women, although age at 1st marriage is not associated with either form of cancer, early pregnancy is associated with invasive cervical cancer as well as unconfirmed cases with suspicious or positive cytologic findings. Age at 1st pregnancy and marriage were highly correlated. The data are cons istent with the view that age at 1st pregnancy, alone or in conjunction with early marriage, is a determinant of cervical cancer. Number of pregnancies was not related. It is possible an unidentified 3rd factor is responsible.
Book Synopsis Socioeconomic Distribution of Cervical Cancer, in Relation to Early Marriage and Pregnancy by : Frank Edward Lundin (Jr.)
Download or read book Socioeconomic Distribution of Cervical Cancer, in Relation to Early Marriage and Pregnancy written by Frank Edward Lundin (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A case-control study based on data from the vaginal cytologic survey of Memphis, Tennessee, which reached all levels of the city, is used to relate the etiology of cervical cancer to socioeconomic status, age at 1st marriage, and age at 1st pregnancy. Because evidence suggests that the epidemiologic distribution of squamous cell carcinoma differs from that of adenocarcinoma, cases are limited to the squamous type (SCC). Because of the different racial incidence of SCC and other types of cervical cancer, all data are presented separately by race. Among never-married white women, 6.5 cases of SCC would be statistically expected; 0 were found. Among never-married black women 3.5 would be expected; 1 was found. For intraepithelial carcinoma (IC) 10.4 cases would be expected for whites and 5 were found; 6.6 expected for nonwhite , 3 found. Among married whites, cases of SCC and IC were roughly the same as expected but age at marriage under age 18, expected cases of SCC were 25.8, observed were 48; expected IC was 34.9, observed was 66. (p=.001 for SCC and p=.0001 for IC). Among nonwhites, expected SCC for women married under 18 was 38.0 observed was 37; expected IC 38.4, observed 36. The expected and observed cases gradually came into agreement until age at 1st marriage reached 25+. Then for whites expected SCC was 25.1 and observed was 14; for nonwhites expected SCC was 12.3 and observed was 7. For IC, expected for whites was 27.7, observed 17 and for nonwhite 6.6 expected and 10 observed. For white women similar figures showed age at 1st pregnancy and socioeconomic area of residence are definitely associated with histologically confirmed cases of invasive and intraepithelial carcinoma of the cervix as well as with uncomfirmed cases with suspicious and positive cytologic findings. Early pregnancy and lower categories. For nonwhite women, although age at 1st marriage is not associated with either form of cancer, early pregnancy is associated with invasive cervical cancer as well as unconfirmed cases with suspicious or positive cytologic findings. Age at 1st pregnancy and marriage were highly correlated. The data are cons istent with the view that age at 1st pregnancy, alone or in conjunction with early marriage, is a determinant of cervical cancer. Number of pregnancies was not related. It is possible an unidentified 3rd factor is responsible.
Study conducted in the districts of Bhilwara, Udaipur, and Chittaurgarh.
Book Synopsis Child Marriage in India by : B. S. Nagi
Download or read book Child Marriage in India written by B. S. Nagi and published by Mittal Publications. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study conducted in the districts of Bhilwara, Udaipur, and Chittaurgarh.
An Echo of Silence A Comprehensive Research Study on Early Child Marriage (ECM) in Iran Kameel Ahmady Whilst working on the issue of female genital mutilation in Iran “In the Name of Tradition”, in this book, Kameel Ahmady, also brought a focus to the early marriage of children and high rates of this harmful phenomenon in Iran. He conducted a two-year study on child marriage in the seven provinces of Khorasan Razavi, East Azerbaijan, Khuzestan, Sistan and Baluchistan, West Azerbaijan, Hormozgan and Isfahan, drawing on official country statistics. The results of this research have been published in Farsi, Kurdish and English languages. According to the religious structure of Iran, maturity for girls begins with the first monthly menstruation, considered as the threshold of transition from childhood to adulthood which happens around age of 9. This physical and biological threshold means being able to marry, regardless of the actual age and ability to govern your marital life. Although early marriage applies to both young girls and boys, in fact the bitter reality of the society indicates that the consequences and effects of the phenomenon of child marriage on girls are far more serious and dangerous. Undoubtedly, social investment in girls, expanding their social and economic capital and ensuring their access to education and health services is a clear driver towards gender equality to provide for stronger communities; but child marriage does the contrary. A lack of independent and credible studies on child marriage in Iran, means there is little information and data, but according to the legal adviser of the Iranian Judiciary, the official and state statistics suggest that between 500 to 600 thousand children per year Iran are getting married – and these are only the statistics for marriages that officially registered, without including those outside the formal marriage process. Now, there are around 14,000 child widows in the country, and according to estimates from the United Nations 17 percent of all marriages in Iran are under the age of 18. Further, some men who have more than one spouse in Iran do not register their child marriages, and hide them. This comprehensive research first attempts to analyse the prevalence of child marriage in Iran with an emphasis on socio-cultural factors that reflect the profound and deep-rooted inequalities which have contributed to the persistence of child marriage in Iran. The scientific reason for doing this research is to explain the evidence and prevalence of this traumatic practice in Iran and to assist government decision makers in focusing on the immediate protection of these children’s human rights. This book, as an effort to expose and deepen understandings of the issue of child marriage in Iran, has attracted the attention of civil activists, government policymakers and some parliamentary representatives and MPs. It has provided the background to proposals for raising the minimum age for child marriage, amending Article 1041 of the Civil Code. This proposal was approved by the House of Representatives in an emergency and with a majority of votes, but unanimously rejected by the Majlis Legal and Judicial Commission. As the only fieldwork study these research findings were predicated on producing civil society advocacy and the need for parliament to amend the law. In the community level the research has raised a wave of public awareness leading to a serious civil society demand for a ban on child marriage and raising the age of marriage from 13 to 16 for girls and from 15 to 18 for boys. #early_child_marriage #child_marriage_in_Islam #age_of_marriage_in_Iran #cohabitation_in_Iran #white_marriage #white_marriage_in_Iran #female_gentle_mutilation_or_cutting #female_gentle_ mutilation_in_iran #female_gentle_cutting_in_iran #FGM_in_Iran #Human_rights_in_Iran #feminization_and_poverty_in_Iran #divorce_rates_in_Iran #divorce_laws_in_Iran #marriage_laws_in_ Iran #virginity_in_Iran
Book Synopsis An Echo of Silence by : kameel Ahmady
Download or read book An Echo of Silence written by kameel Ahmady and published by Avaye Buf. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Echo of Silence A Comprehensive Research Study on Early Child Marriage (ECM) in Iran Kameel Ahmady Whilst working on the issue of female genital mutilation in Iran “In the Name of Tradition”, in this book, Kameel Ahmady, also brought a focus to the early marriage of children and high rates of this harmful phenomenon in Iran. He conducted a two-year study on child marriage in the seven provinces of Khorasan Razavi, East Azerbaijan, Khuzestan, Sistan and Baluchistan, West Azerbaijan, Hormozgan and Isfahan, drawing on official country statistics. The results of this research have been published in Farsi, Kurdish and English languages. According to the religious structure of Iran, maturity for girls begins with the first monthly menstruation, considered as the threshold of transition from childhood to adulthood which happens around age of 9. This physical and biological threshold means being able to marry, regardless of the actual age and ability to govern your marital life. Although early marriage applies to both young girls and boys, in fact the bitter reality of the society indicates that the consequences and effects of the phenomenon of child marriage on girls are far more serious and dangerous. Undoubtedly, social investment in girls, expanding their social and economic capital and ensuring their access to education and health services is a clear driver towards gender equality to provide for stronger communities; but child marriage does the contrary. A lack of independent and credible studies on child marriage in Iran, means there is little information and data, but according to the legal adviser of the Iranian Judiciary, the official and state statistics suggest that between 500 to 600 thousand children per year Iran are getting married – and these are only the statistics for marriages that officially registered, without including those outside the formal marriage process. Now, there are around 14,000 child widows in the country, and according to estimates from the United Nations 17 percent of all marriages in Iran are under the age of 18. Further, some men who have more than one spouse in Iran do not register their child marriages, and hide them. This comprehensive research first attempts to analyse the prevalence of child marriage in Iran with an emphasis on socio-cultural factors that reflect the profound and deep-rooted inequalities which have contributed to the persistence of child marriage in Iran. The scientific reason for doing this research is to explain the evidence and prevalence of this traumatic practice in Iran and to assist government decision makers in focusing on the immediate protection of these children’s human rights. This book, as an effort to expose and deepen understandings of the issue of child marriage in Iran, has attracted the attention of civil activists, government policymakers and some parliamentary representatives and MPs. It has provided the background to proposals for raising the minimum age for child marriage, amending Article 1041 of the Civil Code. This proposal was approved by the House of Representatives in an emergency and with a majority of votes, but unanimously rejected by the Majlis Legal and Judicial Commission. As the only fieldwork study these research findings were predicated on producing civil society advocacy and the need for parliament to amend the law. In the community level the research has raised a wave of public awareness leading to a serious civil society demand for a ban on child marriage and raising the age of marriage from 13 to 16 for girls and from 15 to 18 for boys. #early_child_marriage #child_marriage_in_Islam #age_of_marriage_in_Iran #cohabitation_in_Iran #white_marriage #white_marriage_in_Iran #female_gentle_mutilation_or_cutting #female_gentle_ mutilation_in_iran #female_gentle_cutting_in_iran #FGM_in_Iran #Human_rights_in_Iran #feminization_and_poverty_in_Iran #divorce_rates_in_Iran #divorce_laws_in_Iran #marriage_laws_in_ Iran #virginity_in_Iran
Recognize the hidden costs and rewards of childrearing! The Effect of Children on Parents, Second Edition, thoughtfully explores the interactions by which parents and children change, develop, and sometimes affect each other negatively. Everyone knows that parents influence their children, but few people consider the ways in which children affect their parents. The love, satisfaction, and fulfillment children offer can change parents’lives. So can the stress, worry, and financial drain. The Effect of Children on Parents, Second Edition, honestly confronts these long-neglected issues of family dynamics. Taking a unique interdisciplinary approach, this book describes in great detail, with jargon-free language the various aspects of children's effects on their parents. This second edition contains an abundance of fresh information, including nine entirely new chapters that deal with such complex topics as the effects on parents of children with emotional, behavioral, and delinquency problems. The Effect of Children on Parents, Second Edition, asks and answers essential questions on the parent-child dynamic, including: what role does genetic inheritance play in children's responses to their parents? how do peers influence children and through them, their parents? what happens to parents when children are difficult or have emotional problems? what special considerations apply to minority or adoptive parents? how do adult childrem affect their aging parents? how does society support or undermine parents? what roadblocks prevent parents from being as effective as they would like to be? The Effect of Children on Parents, Second Edition, takes a brave look at this often ignored area of family dynamics, giving a richer, more complex, and ultimately more healing view of how humans interact in families. Professors, students, and experts in the fields of child development, family studies, and sociology of childhood and family will find this book a sophisticated tool in their desire to better understand and help families and children.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Children on Parents by : Anne Marie Ambert
Download or read book The Effect of Children on Parents written by Anne Marie Ambert and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-22 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognize the hidden costs and rewards of childrearing! The Effect of Children on Parents, Second Edition, thoughtfully explores the interactions by which parents and children change, develop, and sometimes affect each other negatively. Everyone knows that parents influence their children, but few people consider the ways in which children affect their parents. The love, satisfaction, and fulfillment children offer can change parents’lives. So can the stress, worry, and financial drain. The Effect of Children on Parents, Second Edition, honestly confronts these long-neglected issues of family dynamics. Taking a unique interdisciplinary approach, this book describes in great detail, with jargon-free language the various aspects of children's effects on their parents. This second edition contains an abundance of fresh information, including nine entirely new chapters that deal with such complex topics as the effects on parents of children with emotional, behavioral, and delinquency problems. The Effect of Children on Parents, Second Edition, asks and answers essential questions on the parent-child dynamic, including: what role does genetic inheritance play in children's responses to their parents? how do peers influence children and through them, their parents? what happens to parents when children are difficult or have emotional problems? what special considerations apply to minority or adoptive parents? how do adult childrem affect their aging parents? how does society support or undermine parents? what roadblocks prevent parents from being as effective as they would like to be? The Effect of Children on Parents, Second Edition, takes a brave look at this often ignored area of family dynamics, giving a richer, more complex, and ultimately more healing view of how humans interact in families. Professors, students, and experts in the fields of child development, family studies, and sociology of childhood and family will find this book a sophisticated tool in their desire to better understand and help families and children.
This book informs that the practice of child marriage is harmful and inimical to the health, education, social wellbeing, socio-economic empowerment, and the fundamental rights of the child. It shows the conflicts between the practice and the public policy commitments and efforts of the government of Nigeria on the right to health, education, human/fundamental rights, the MDGs, the Nigeria Vision 20:2020, the goals of NEPAD and the transformation of Nigeria. It exposes the unsustainable arguments seeking to justify child marriage. This book calls on all individuals, legal persons, state and non-state actors and development partners including YOU to join and support the advocacy to end child marriage in Nigeria. For those who are yet to appreciate the girl-child as a person of great value like the male counterpart, this book is here to change such orientation.
Book Synopsis CHILD MARRIAGE IN NIGERIA:THE HEALTH HAZARDS AND SOCIO-LEGAL IMPLICATIONS by : Armstrong Ukwuoma
Download or read book CHILD MARRIAGE IN NIGERIA:THE HEALTH HAZARDS AND SOCIO-LEGAL IMPLICATIONS written by Armstrong Ukwuoma and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013-09-21 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book informs that the practice of child marriage is harmful and inimical to the health, education, social wellbeing, socio-economic empowerment, and the fundamental rights of the child. It shows the conflicts between the practice and the public policy commitments and efforts of the government of Nigeria on the right to health, education, human/fundamental rights, the MDGs, the Nigeria Vision 20:2020, the goals of NEPAD and the transformation of Nigeria. It exposes the unsustainable arguments seeking to justify child marriage. This book calls on all individuals, legal persons, state and non-state actors and development partners including YOU to join and support the advocacy to end child marriage in Nigeria. For those who are yet to appreciate the girl-child as a person of great value like the male counterpart, this book is here to change such orientation.
This Book, Based On The 2004 National Consultation Organized By Human Rights Law Network, Haq, Establishes That The Incidences And Causes Of Child Marriages Haven`T Been Documented Adequately, And That The Position Of Law Itself Is Dubious.
Book Synopsis Child Marriages and the Law in India by : Aparna Bhat
Download or read book Child Marriages and the Law in India written by Aparna Bhat and published by Socio Legal Information Cent. This book was released on 2005 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book, Based On The 2004 National Consultation Organized By Human Rights Law Network, Haq, Establishes That The Incidences And Causes Of Child Marriages Haven`T Been Documented Adequately, And That The Position Of Law Itself Is Dubious.
