The Effects of Linguistic Variables on Short-term Memory

The Effects of Linguistic Variables on Short-term Memory

Author: Julie M. DiJoseph

Publisher:

Published: 1973

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13:

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Linguistic material has been shown to be susceptible to a special, subject-imposed, implicit type of coding which greatly increases memory capacity yet requires minimal operating time. The present experiment was designed to systematically isolate those characteristics and combinations of characteristics in linguistic material which enable such coding to occur. Frequency (F) of use in the language, general meaningfulness (M) of an item, and pronounceability (P) within the grammatical constraints of the language were chosen as potential characteristics which might be instrumental in implicit coding. The experimental design was composed of two levels of M x two levels of F x three stimulus types comprising two levels of P. All stimuli were of three-letter length: consonant trigrams (CCCs), consonant-vowel-consonant non-word trigrams (CVCs), and CVC words. Each of the 21 subjects was tachistoscopically presented with all 96 trigrams from all conditions, at a presentation rate of 200 msec/card, two trigrams per card. Results from the written response sheets were analyzed both parametrically and qualitatively. (Modified author abstract).


Book Synopsis The Effects of Linguistic Variables on Short-term Memory by : Julie M. DiJoseph

Download or read book The Effects of Linguistic Variables on Short-term Memory written by Julie M. DiJoseph and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linguistic material has been shown to be susceptible to a special, subject-imposed, implicit type of coding which greatly increases memory capacity yet requires minimal operating time. The present experiment was designed to systematically isolate those characteristics and combinations of characteristics in linguistic material which enable such coding to occur. Frequency (F) of use in the language, general meaningfulness (M) of an item, and pronounceability (P) within the grammatical constraints of the language were chosen as potential characteristics which might be instrumental in implicit coding. The experimental design was composed of two levels of M x two levels of F x three stimulus types comprising two levels of P. All stimuli were of three-letter length: consonant trigrams (CCCs), consonant-vowel-consonant non-word trigrams (CVCs), and CVC words. Each of the 21 subjects was tachistoscopically presented with all 96 trigrams from all conditions, at a presentation rate of 200 msec/card, two trigrams per card. Results from the written response sheets were analyzed both parametrically and qualitatively. (Modified author abstract).

Working Memory and Language

Working Memory and Language

Author: Susan E. Gathercole

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2014-02-04

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 1317775279

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This book evaluates the involvement of working memory in five central aspects of language processing: vocabulary acquisition, speech production, reading development, skilled reading, and comprehension. The authors draw upon experimental, neuropsychological and developmental evidence in a wide-ranging evaluation of the contribution of two components of working memory to each aspect of language. The two components are the phonological loop, which is specialised for the processing and maintenance of verbal material, and the general-purpose processing system of the central executive. A full introduction to the application of the working memory model to normal adults, neuropsychological patients and children is provided in the two opening chapters. Non-experts within this area will find these chapters particularly useful in providing a clear statement of the current theoretical and empirical status of the working memory model. Each of the following chapters examines the involvement of working memory in one specialised aspect of language processing, in each case integrating the available experimental, neuropsychological and developmental evidence. The book will therefore be of direct relevance to researchers interested in both language processing and memory. Working Memory and Language is unique in that it draws together findings from normal adults, brain-damaged patients, and children. For each of these populations, working memory involvement in language processing ranging from the speech production to comprehension are evaluated. Working Memory and Language provides a comprehensive analysis of just what roles working memory does play in the processing of language.


Book Synopsis Working Memory and Language by : Susan E. Gathercole

Download or read book Working Memory and Language written by Susan E. Gathercole and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates the involvement of working memory in five central aspects of language processing: vocabulary acquisition, speech production, reading development, skilled reading, and comprehension. The authors draw upon experimental, neuropsychological and developmental evidence in a wide-ranging evaluation of the contribution of two components of working memory to each aspect of language. The two components are the phonological loop, which is specialised for the processing and maintenance of verbal material, and the general-purpose processing system of the central executive. A full introduction to the application of the working memory model to normal adults, neuropsychological patients and children is provided in the two opening chapters. Non-experts within this area will find these chapters particularly useful in providing a clear statement of the current theoretical and empirical status of the working memory model. Each of the following chapters examines the involvement of working memory in one specialised aspect of language processing, in each case integrating the available experimental, neuropsychological and developmental evidence. The book will therefore be of direct relevance to researchers interested in both language processing and memory. Working Memory and Language is unique in that it draws together findings from normal adults, brain-damaged patients, and children. For each of these populations, working memory involvement in language processing ranging from the speech production to comprehension are evaluated. Working Memory and Language provides a comprehensive analysis of just what roles working memory does play in the processing of language.

Interactions Between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain

Interactions Between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain

Author: Annabel Thorn

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2008-08-15

Total Pages: 591

ISBN-13: 1135419949

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The relationship between short-term and long-term memory systems is an issue of central concern to memory theorists. The association between temporary memory mechanisms and established knowledge bases is now regarded as critical to the development of theoretical and computational accounts of verbal short-term memory functioning. However, to date there is no single publication that provides dedicated and full coverage of current understanding of the association between short-term and long-term memory systems. Interactions between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain is the first volume to comprehensively address this key issue. The book, focusing specifically on memory for verbal information, comprises chapters covering current theoretical approaches, together with the very latest experimental work, from leading researchers in the field. Chapters contributed to the book draw on both cognitive and neuropsychological research and reflect both conceptual and computational approaches to theorising. The contributing authors represent current research perspectives from both sides of the Atlantic. By addressing this important topic head-on, Interactions between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain represents an invaluable resource for academics and students alike.


Book Synopsis Interactions Between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain by : Annabel Thorn

Download or read book Interactions Between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain written by Annabel Thorn and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2008-08-15 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between short-term and long-term memory systems is an issue of central concern to memory theorists. The association between temporary memory mechanisms and established knowledge bases is now regarded as critical to the development of theoretical and computational accounts of verbal short-term memory functioning. However, to date there is no single publication that provides dedicated and full coverage of current understanding of the association between short-term and long-term memory systems. Interactions between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain is the first volume to comprehensively address this key issue. The book, focusing specifically on memory for verbal information, comprises chapters covering current theoretical approaches, together with the very latest experimental work, from leading researchers in the field. Chapters contributed to the book draw on both cognitive and neuropsychological research and reflect both conceptual and computational approaches to theorising. The contributing authors represent current research perspectives from both sides of the Atlantic. By addressing this important topic head-on, Interactions between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain represents an invaluable resource for academics and students alike.

Behavioral and Neurophysiological Approaches to Code-Switching and Language Switching

Behavioral and Neurophysiological Approaches to Code-Switching and Language Switching

Author: Jeanine Treffers-Daller

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2021-05-03

Total Pages: 277

ISBN-13: 2889667170

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Book Synopsis Behavioral and Neurophysiological Approaches to Code-Switching and Language Switching by : Jeanine Treffers-Daller

Download or read book Behavioral and Neurophysiological Approaches to Code-Switching and Language Switching written by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-03 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Working Memory, Thought, and Action

Working Memory, Thought, and Action

Author: Alan Baddeley

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2007-03-15

Total Pages: 432

ISBN-13: 0191004960

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'Working Memory, Thought, and Action' is the magnum opus of one of the most influential cognitive psychologists of the past 50 years. This new volume on the model he created (with Graham Hitch) discusses the developments that have occurred within the model in the past twenty years, and places it within a broader context. Working memory is a temporary storage system that underpins our capacity for coherent thought. Some 30 years ago, Baddeley and Hitch proposed a way of thinking about working memory that has proved to be both valuable and influential in its application to practical problems. This book updates the theory, discussing both the evidence in its favour, and alternative approaches. In addition, it discusses the implications of the model for understanding social and emotional behaviour, concluding with an attempt to place working memory in a broader biological and philosophical context. Inside are chapters on the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad, the central executive and the episodic buffer. There are also chapters on the relevance to working memory of studies of the recency effect, of work based on individual differences, and of neuroimaging research. The broader implications of the concept of working memory are discussed in the chapters on social psychology, anxiety, depression, consciousness and on the control of action. Finally, Baddeley discusses the relevance of a concept of working memory to the classic problems of consciousness and free will. This new volume from one of the pioneers in memory research will doubtless emulate the success of its predecessor, and be a major publication within the psychological literature.


Book Synopsis Working Memory, Thought, and Action by : Alan Baddeley

Download or read book Working Memory, Thought, and Action written by Alan Baddeley and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-03-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Working Memory, Thought, and Action' is the magnum opus of one of the most influential cognitive psychologists of the past 50 years. This new volume on the model he created (with Graham Hitch) discusses the developments that have occurred within the model in the past twenty years, and places it within a broader context. Working memory is a temporary storage system that underpins our capacity for coherent thought. Some 30 years ago, Baddeley and Hitch proposed a way of thinking about working memory that has proved to be both valuable and influential in its application to practical problems. This book updates the theory, discussing both the evidence in its favour, and alternative approaches. In addition, it discusses the implications of the model for understanding social and emotional behaviour, concluding with an attempt to place working memory in a broader biological and philosophical context. Inside are chapters on the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad, the central executive and the episodic buffer. There are also chapters on the relevance to working memory of studies of the recency effect, of work based on individual differences, and of neuroimaging research. The broader implications of the concept of working memory are discussed in the chapters on social psychology, anxiety, depression, consciousness and on the control of action. Finally, Baddeley discusses the relevance of a concept of working memory to the classic problems of consciousness and free will. This new volume from one of the pioneers in memory research will doubtless emulate the success of its predecessor, and be a major publication within the psychological literature.

Hearing, Speech, and Communication Disorders

Hearing, Speech, and Communication Disorders

Author: Information Center for Hearing Speech and Disorders

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 779

ISBN-13: 147570626X

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Information analysis centers were developed to help the scientist and practitioner cope with the ever increasing mass of published and unpublished information in a specific field. Their establishment resulted from a further extension of those pressures that had brought about the formation of the specialized primary journal and the abstracting services at the turn of the century. The information analysis center concept was greatly advanced by the 1963 report of the President's Science Advisory Committee Panel on Science Information. This report stated: " . . . scientific interpreters who can collect relevant data, review a field, and distill information in a manner that goes to the heart of a technical situation are more help to the overburdened specialist than is a mere pile of relevant docu ments. " Such specialized information centers are operated in closest possible contact with working scientists in the field. These centers not only furnish information about ongoing research and dis seminate and retrieve information but also create new information and develop new methods of infor mation analysis, synthesis, and dissemination. The continually expanding biomedical literature produced by scientists from the world's laboratories, research centers, and medical centers led the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke in 1964 to initiate a National Neurological Information Network of specialized centers for neurological information. The Centers are designed to bring under control and to promote ready access to important segments of the literature.


Book Synopsis Hearing, Speech, and Communication Disorders by : Information Center for Hearing Speech and Disorders

Download or read book Hearing, Speech, and Communication Disorders written by Information Center for Hearing Speech and Disorders and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information analysis centers were developed to help the scientist and practitioner cope with the ever increasing mass of published and unpublished information in a specific field. Their establishment resulted from a further extension of those pressures that had brought about the formation of the specialized primary journal and the abstracting services at the turn of the century. The information analysis center concept was greatly advanced by the 1963 report of the President's Science Advisory Committee Panel on Science Information. This report stated: " . . . scientific interpreters who can collect relevant data, review a field, and distill information in a manner that goes to the heart of a technical situation are more help to the overburdened specialist than is a mere pile of relevant docu ments. " Such specialized information centers are operated in closest possible contact with working scientists in the field. These centers not only furnish information about ongoing research and dis seminate and retrieve information but also create new information and develop new methods of infor mation analysis, synthesis, and dissemination. The continually expanding biomedical literature produced by scientists from the world's laboratories, research centers, and medical centers led the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke in 1964 to initiate a National Neurological Information Network of specialized centers for neurological information. The Centers are designed to bring under control and to promote ready access to important segments of the literature.

Information Processing and Cognition

Information Processing and Cognition

Author: Robert L. Solso

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2024-04-01

Total Pages: 451

ISBN-13: 1003862586

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Originally published in 1975, this title presented current theories in information processing and cognition at the time. The topics fall into three major groups. The first section is concerned with the issues of perception and initial processing of visual material; the second section is addressed to problem of storage, retrieval, and consciousness in memory; the final section is related to the processing of language.


Book Synopsis Information Processing and Cognition by : Robert L. Solso

Download or read book Information Processing and Cognition written by Robert L. Solso and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-04-01 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1975, this title presented current theories in information processing and cognition at the time. The topics fall into three major groups. The first section is concerned with the issues of perception and initial processing of visual material; the second section is addressed to problem of storage, retrieval, and consciousness in memory; the final section is related to the processing of language.

Anomia

Anomia

Author: Matti Laine

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2023-12-01

Total Pages: 216

ISBN-13: 100380618X

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This important book provides a broad, integrated overview of current research on word-finding deficit, anomia, the most common symptom of language dysfunction occurring after brain damage. Besides its clinical importance, anomia gives a fascinating view on the inner workings of language in the brain. Written by two internationally known researchers in the field, the book begins with an overview of psycholinguistic research on normal word retrieval as well as the influential cognitive models of naming and goes on to review the major forms of anomia. Neuroanatomical aspects, clinical assessment and therapeutic approaches are reviewed and evaluated. This edition has been fully updated to include coverage of advances in cognitive modeling of lexical retrieval disorders, structural and functional neuroimaging findings on the neural basis of naming and anomia, anomia diagnostics and new approaches to the challenging task of anomia therapy. Covering both theory and practice, this book provides invaluable reading for researchers and practitioners in speech and language disorders, neuropsychology and neurology, as well as for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students in the field.


Book Synopsis Anomia by : Matti Laine

Download or read book Anomia written by Matti Laine and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book provides a broad, integrated overview of current research on word-finding deficit, anomia, the most common symptom of language dysfunction occurring after brain damage. Besides its clinical importance, anomia gives a fascinating view on the inner workings of language in the brain. Written by two internationally known researchers in the field, the book begins with an overview of psycholinguistic research on normal word retrieval as well as the influential cognitive models of naming and goes on to review the major forms of anomia. Neuroanatomical aspects, clinical assessment and therapeutic approaches are reviewed and evaluated. This edition has been fully updated to include coverage of advances in cognitive modeling of lexical retrieval disorders, structural and functional neuroimaging findings on the neural basis of naming and anomia, anomia diagnostics and new approaches to the challenging task of anomia therapy. Covering both theory and practice, this book provides invaluable reading for researchers and practitioners in speech and language disorders, neuropsychology and neurology, as well as for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students in the field.

Language Complexity as an Evolving Variable

Language Complexity as an Evolving Variable

Author: Geoffrey Sampson

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2009-02-26

Total Pages: 325

ISBN-13: 0199545219

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This fascinating book challenges the idea that languages are equally complex. Eighteen scholars look at evidence from a wide range of times and places. They consider the links between linguistic structure and change and social complexity. Their conclusions challenge conventional ideas about the nature of language and contemporary theory.


Book Synopsis Language Complexity as an Evolving Variable by : Geoffrey Sampson

Download or read book Language Complexity as an Evolving Variable written by Geoffrey Sampson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-26 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating book challenges the idea that languages are equally complex. Eighteen scholars look at evidence from a wide range of times and places. They consider the links between linguistic structure and change and social complexity. Their conclusions challenge conventional ideas about the nature of language and contemporary theory.

Innovative Approaches to Research in Hispanic Linguistics

Innovative Approaches to Research in Hispanic Linguistics

Author: Sara Fernández Cuenca

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company

Published: 2023-06-15

Total Pages: 262

ISBN-13: 9027252807

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This volume presents research from across the subdisciplines of Hispanic Linguistics in an attempt to showcase how new research methods, together with a renewed focus on language variation, have advanced our field. This volume is divided into three sections of original research, with the first describing regional variation of Spanish, the second synchronic variation, and the third learner profile variation. Such nuanced descriptions and analyses would not be possible without new variationist research methods and big-data techniques such as the use of online corpora and data reduction analyses. These overarching themes represent a paradigm shift affecting the whole of Hispanic Linguistics, and are, therefore, best appreciated in an edited volume composed of diverse manifestations of trends like those included herein. The data from these submissions were originally presented at the Hispanic Linguistics Symposium hosted by Wake Forest University in 2021.


Book Synopsis Innovative Approaches to Research in Hispanic Linguistics by : Sara Fernández Cuenca

Download or read book Innovative Approaches to Research in Hispanic Linguistics written by Sara Fernández Cuenca and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2023-06-15 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents research from across the subdisciplines of Hispanic Linguistics in an attempt to showcase how new research methods, together with a renewed focus on language variation, have advanced our field. This volume is divided into three sections of original research, with the first describing regional variation of Spanish, the second synchronic variation, and the third learner profile variation. Such nuanced descriptions and analyses would not be possible without new variationist research methods and big-data techniques such as the use of online corpora and data reduction analyses. These overarching themes represent a paradigm shift affecting the whole of Hispanic Linguistics, and are, therefore, best appreciated in an edited volume composed of diverse manifestations of trends like those included herein. The data from these submissions were originally presented at the Hispanic Linguistics Symposium hosted by Wake Forest University in 2021.