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In The Estonian Straits Alexander Lott establishes the interrelations between the main legal categories of straits and provides legal classifications for the Viro Strait, the Irbe Strait and the Sea of Straits in the north-eastern part of the Baltic Sea.
Book Synopsis The Estonian Straits by : Alexander Lott
Download or read book The Estonian Straits written by Alexander Lott and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-04-05 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Estonian Straits Alexander Lott establishes the interrelations between the main legal categories of straits and provides legal classifications for the Viro Strait, the Irbe Strait and the Sea of Straits in the north-eastern part of the Baltic Sea.
The four 1958 Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea, which codi?ed and progressively developed this sector of our legislation, were rather ephemeral despite the fact that they were constituent Conventions. In fact, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) again undertook the same task with the same spirit 20 years later after a long drawn out global negotiation process in which all the marine areas and problems pending were analysed and discussed by the countries attending, and an apparently strengthened majority was attained, including the essential agreement between the principal naval powers and the third world countries, symbolised most grossly in the recognition of exclusive economic areas which were 200 miles wide in exchange for a signi?cant alteration to the legal rules applicable to the international straits. From 1973 to 1982, the negotiations showed that there were a number of particular factors affecting the seas: “strait” countries, user countries, long range ?shing countries, embedded countries, archipelagic countries, broad platform countries, etc. In 1982 when the UNCLOS was adopted, it seemed to be a text with justi?ed pretensions to be in force for a long period of time as the nine years of negotiations required for its adoption had taken into account the main problems pending agreement although not absolutely all.
Book Synopsis International Straits by : Ana G. López Martín
Download or read book International Straits written by Ana G. López Martín and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-14 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four 1958 Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea, which codi?ed and progressively developed this sector of our legislation, were rather ephemeral despite the fact that they were constituent Conventions. In fact, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) again undertook the same task with the same spirit 20 years later after a long drawn out global negotiation process in which all the marine areas and problems pending were analysed and discussed by the countries attending, and an apparently strengthened majority was attained, including the essential agreement between the principal naval powers and the third world countries, symbolised most grossly in the recognition of exclusive economic areas which were 200 miles wide in exchange for a signi?cant alteration to the legal rules applicable to the international straits. From 1973 to 1982, the negotiations showed that there were a number of particular factors affecting the seas: “strait” countries, user countries, long range ?shing countries, embedded countries, archipelagic countries, broad platform countries, etc. In 1982 when the UNCLOS was adopted, it seemed to be a text with justi?ed pretensions to be in force for a long period of time as the nine years of negotiations required for its adoption had taken into account the main problems pending agreement although not absolutely all.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Engineering by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 2000-12 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Biology and Ecology by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Biology and Ecology written by and published by . This book was released on 2000-09 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Engineering by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 2000-12 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
The right of transit passage in straits and the analogous right of archipelagic sealanes passage in archipelagic states, negotiated in the 1970s and embodied in the 1982 UNCLOS, sought to approximate the freedom of navigation and overflight while expressly recognising the sovereignty or jurisdiction of the coastal state over the waters concerned. However, the allocation of rights and duties of the coastal state and third states is open to interpretation. Recent developments in state practice, such as Australia's requirement of compulsory pilotage in the Torres Strait, the bridge across the Great Belt and the proposals for a bridge across the Strait of Messina, the enhanced environmental standards applicable in the Strait of Bonifacio and Canada's claims over the Arctic Route, make it necessary to reassess the whole common law of straits. The Legal Regime of Straits examines the complex relationship between the coastal state and the international community.
Book Synopsis The Legal Regime of Straits by : Hugo Caminos
Download or read book The Legal Regime of Straits written by Hugo Caminos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The right of transit passage in straits and the analogous right of archipelagic sealanes passage in archipelagic states, negotiated in the 1970s and embodied in the 1982 UNCLOS, sought to approximate the freedom of navigation and overflight while expressly recognising the sovereignty or jurisdiction of the coastal state over the waters concerned. However, the allocation of rights and duties of the coastal state and third states is open to interpretation. Recent developments in state practice, such as Australia's requirement of compulsory pilotage in the Torres Strait, the bridge across the Great Belt and the proposals for a bridge across the Strait of Messina, the enhanced environmental standards applicable in the Strait of Bonifacio and Canada's claims over the Arctic Route, make it necessary to reassess the whole common law of straits. The Legal Regime of Straits examines the complex relationship between the coastal state and the international community.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Engineering by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 2002-09 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Read also Alexander Lott's blog on the recent Award of the Annex VII Arbitral Tribunal in the dispute concerning the Kerch Strait incident. Hybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea debates the practice of states that have resorted to discriminatory navigational restrictions or aggression against foreign ships and aircraft in densely navigated straits. The book explores both widely acknowledged and lesser-known maritime incidents that meet the characteristics of hybrid warfare or hybrid conflict. This research approaches hybrid threats from the perspective of the interrelationship between navigational restrictions, law enforcement, armed attack, and the legal regime of straits. It provides guidance for determining whether the rules of armed conflict or law enforcement are applicable to various naval incidents.
Book Synopsis Hybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea by : Alexander Lott
Download or read book Hybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea written by Alexander Lott and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-08-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Read also Alexander Lott's blog on the recent Award of the Annex VII Arbitral Tribunal in the dispute concerning the Kerch Strait incident. Hybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea debates the practice of states that have resorted to discriminatory navigational restrictions or aggression against foreign ships and aircraft in densely navigated straits. The book explores both widely acknowledged and lesser-known maritime incidents that meet the characteristics of hybrid warfare or hybrid conflict. This research approaches hybrid threats from the perspective of the interrelationship between navigational restrictions, law enforcement, armed attack, and the legal regime of straits. It provides guidance for determining whether the rules of armed conflict or law enforcement are applicable to various naval incidents.
Responding to an ‘educational emergency’ generated largely by the difficulties of implementing education reforms, this book compares education policies around the world in order to understand what works where. To address the key question of why education reforms are so difficult, the authors take into account a broad range of relevant factors, such as governance, ideology, and stakeholder conflicts of interest, and their interactions with one another. Drawing on their experiences as policymakers in the Spanish government and as governmental advisors worldwide, Montserrat Gomendio and Jose Ignacio Wert produce a publication like no other, shifting the usual Eurocentric narrative and shedding light on frequently overlooked educational policies from elsewhere. In this context, they dive deeper into details of educational failures and successes, the processes of implementation and investment priorities in different countries. They provide revealing accounts of stakeholder conflicts of interest and the challenges of implementing educational reform during a financial crisis. The authors also investigate why the evidence from international large-scale assessments (ILSAs) has, contrary to expectation, not generated improvements in most education systems. Gomendio and Wert investigate the evolution of different education systems, closely examining their advances or declines. Gomendio and Wert’s expert voices illuminate the current state of global education systems and the necessary changes to ensure long-awaited improvements. This is a revelatory and informative resource for policymakers, teachers and academics alike.
Book Synopsis Dire Straits-Education Reforms by : Montserrat Gomendio
Download or read book Dire Straits-Education Reforms written by Montserrat Gomendio and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responding to an ‘educational emergency’ generated largely by the difficulties of implementing education reforms, this book compares education policies around the world in order to understand what works where. To address the key question of why education reforms are so difficult, the authors take into account a broad range of relevant factors, such as governance, ideology, and stakeholder conflicts of interest, and their interactions with one another. Drawing on their experiences as policymakers in the Spanish government and as governmental advisors worldwide, Montserrat Gomendio and Jose Ignacio Wert produce a publication like no other, shifting the usual Eurocentric narrative and shedding light on frequently overlooked educational policies from elsewhere. In this context, they dive deeper into details of educational failures and successes, the processes of implementation and investment priorities in different countries. They provide revealing accounts of stakeholder conflicts of interest and the challenges of implementing educational reform during a financial crisis. The authors also investigate why the evidence from international large-scale assessments (ILSAs) has, contrary to expectation, not generated improvements in most education systems. Gomendio and Wert investigate the evolution of different education systems, closely examining their advances or declines. Gomendio and Wert’s expert voices illuminate the current state of global education systems and the necessary changes to ensure long-awaited improvements. This is a revelatory and informative resource for policymakers, teachers and academics alike.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Biology and Ecology by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Biology and Ecology written by and published by . This book was released on 2000-09 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: