The Meaning of Behaviour

The Meaning of Behaviour

Author: J.R. Maze

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-03-04

Total Pages: 192

ISBN-13: 0429642962

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Originally published in 1983, this title is a determined attack on personality theories current at the time. It critically examines their basic motivational constructs and rejects any that invoke goal-seeking as being inescapably teleological and therefore unacceptable as natural science. Dr Maze argues the necessity for an unqualified determinism in psychology, yet one that incorporates the role of cognitive processes in the formation of behaviour. However, action theories which profess to offer a causal account of apparently goal-seeking or voluntarist behaviour by reference to the internal states of desire for a goal and a belief about how to get it are also dismissed. For the concept of belief as an internal state is argued to be a relativistic one, defined as being intrinsically related to its object. This is an incoherent notion and one which cannot specify anything acceptable as a causal state. The one motivational theory in dynamic psychology which offered a solution to these problems was Sigmund Freud’s formulation of his instinctual drive concept, defined as an innate physiological driving mechanism with preformed consummatory behaviours: his ‘specific actions’. But his hydraulic models have been patronisingly dismissed by modern neurologists, arguing that there are no ‘flush-toilets’ in the central nervous system. This book argues that such a glib dismissal is shallow minded, and that a reformulation of Freud’s concept in terms of modern neuroscience is readily available, though the problem of identifying the relevant structures remains formidable. The book is of immediate interest to all those seriously concerned with the springs and meanings of human behaviour, whether they be psychologists, psychoanalysts, philosophers or those generally interested in social and ethical theory.


Book Synopsis The Meaning of Behaviour by : J.R. Maze

Download or read book The Meaning of Behaviour written by J.R. Maze and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1983, this title is a determined attack on personality theories current at the time. It critically examines their basic motivational constructs and rejects any that invoke goal-seeking as being inescapably teleological and therefore unacceptable as natural science. Dr Maze argues the necessity for an unqualified determinism in psychology, yet one that incorporates the role of cognitive processes in the formation of behaviour. However, action theories which profess to offer a causal account of apparently goal-seeking or voluntarist behaviour by reference to the internal states of desire for a goal and a belief about how to get it are also dismissed. For the concept of belief as an internal state is argued to be a relativistic one, defined as being intrinsically related to its object. This is an incoherent notion and one which cannot specify anything acceptable as a causal state. The one motivational theory in dynamic psychology which offered a solution to these problems was Sigmund Freud’s formulation of his instinctual drive concept, defined as an innate physiological driving mechanism with preformed consummatory behaviours: his ‘specific actions’. But his hydraulic models have been patronisingly dismissed by modern neurologists, arguing that there are no ‘flush-toilets’ in the central nervous system. This book argues that such a glib dismissal is shallow minded, and that a reformulation of Freud’s concept in terms of modern neuroscience is readily available, though the problem of identifying the relevant structures remains formidable. The book is of immediate interest to all those seriously concerned with the springs and meanings of human behaviour, whether they be psychologists, psychoanalysts, philosophers or those generally interested in social and ethical theory.

A Dictionary of Organizational Behaviour

A Dictionary of Organizational Behaviour

Author: Emma Jeanes

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2019-01-10

Total Pages: 85

ISBN-13: 0192527568

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This far-reaching and authoritative dictionary provides over 300 accessible definitions concerning the interdisciplinary subject of organizational behaviour. It covers the main topics of the field—from ethics, stress and wellbeing, and teamwork, to leadership and management knowledge. Including entries on key terms such as actor-network theory, iron cage, organizational space, and work-life balance, this dictionary encapsulates the different perspectives and concepts that make up organizational behaviour all in one easy-to-use platform. Containing a guide to further reading indicating key texts in the appendices, this dictionary will be useful to students, lecturers, and business professionals alike and serves as the perfect accompaniment to dictionaries of Business and Management, Human Resource Management, Marketing, and Psychology.


Book Synopsis A Dictionary of Organizational Behaviour by : Emma Jeanes

Download or read book A Dictionary of Organizational Behaviour written by Emma Jeanes and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This far-reaching and authoritative dictionary provides over 300 accessible definitions concerning the interdisciplinary subject of organizational behaviour. It covers the main topics of the field—from ethics, stress and wellbeing, and teamwork, to leadership and management knowledge. Including entries on key terms such as actor-network theory, iron cage, organizational space, and work-life balance, this dictionary encapsulates the different perspectives and concepts that make up organizational behaviour all in one easy-to-use platform. Containing a guide to further reading indicating key texts in the appendices, this dictionary will be useful to students, lecturers, and business professionals alike and serves as the perfect accompaniment to dictionaries of Business and Management, Human Resource Management, Marketing, and Psychology.

A Dictionary of Animal Behaviour

A Dictionary of Animal Behaviour

Author: David McFarland

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2014-05-22

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 0192518410

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Covering every aspect of animal behaviour from adaptation to warning, this accessible A-Z also includes terms from the related fields of ecology, physiology and psychology. Clear and informative entries on topics such as communication, learning, and navigation are backed up by examples and illustrations where appropriate. The new edition adds 80 new entries, expands coverage of behavioural ecology, cognitive ethology, and evolutionary theory, and brings the text up to date with new theories and research. An essential source of reference for students of biology, psychology, and zoology, and fascinating reading for all those interested in animal behaviour.


Book Synopsis A Dictionary of Animal Behaviour by : David McFarland

Download or read book A Dictionary of Animal Behaviour written by David McFarland and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-05-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering every aspect of animal behaviour from adaptation to warning, this accessible A-Z also includes terms from the related fields of ecology, physiology and psychology. Clear and informative entries on topics such as communication, learning, and navigation are backed up by examples and illustrations where appropriate. The new edition adds 80 new entries, expands coverage of behavioural ecology, cognitive ethology, and evolutionary theory, and brings the text up to date with new theories and research. An essential source of reference for students of biology, psychology, and zoology, and fascinating reading for all those interested in animal behaviour.

Making Sense of Behavior

Making Sense of Behavior

Author: William T Powers

Publisher:

Published: 2023-11-14

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Making Sense of Behavior is the long-anticipated work on Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) by the originator written for the general reader in nontechnical language. From the author: "This is a book about human nature, as we try to guess about it by watching human behavior. It's about a particular theory that seems to fit a great deal of what we see people doing and a great deal of our own private experience. A lot of people think that this is a pretty good theory. But my object in this book is not to persuade you that the theory is right, either by itself or by comparison with other theories. My main objective is to tell you what the theory is and why it has been constructed as it is. I will tell you of the observations that I have thought needed an explanation, and of how this theory appears to explain them. You can decide for yourself whether the theory and the observations go together, and are important."


Book Synopsis Making Sense of Behavior by : William T Powers

Download or read book Making Sense of Behavior written by William T Powers and published by . This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making Sense of Behavior is the long-anticipated work on Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) by the originator written for the general reader in nontechnical language. From the author: "This is a book about human nature, as we try to guess about it by watching human behavior. It's about a particular theory that seems to fit a great deal of what we see people doing and a great deal of our own private experience. A lot of people think that this is a pretty good theory. But my object in this book is not to persuade you that the theory is right, either by itself or by comparison with other theories. My main objective is to tell you what the theory is and why it has been constructed as it is. I will tell you of the observations that I have thought needed an explanation, and of how this theory appears to explain them. You can decide for yourself whether the theory and the observations go together, and are important."

The Meaning of Behaviour

The Meaning of Behaviour

Author: J. R. Maze

Publisher: Allen & Unwin Australia

Published: 1983-01-01

Total Pages: 186

ISBN-13: 9780041500813

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Book Synopsis The Meaning of Behaviour by : J. R. Maze

Download or read book The Meaning of Behaviour written by J. R. Maze and published by Allen & Unwin Australia. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Explanation of Behaviour

The Explanation of Behaviour

Author: Charles Taylor

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-05-16

Total Pages: 237

ISBN-13: 1000389642

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The Explanation of Behaviour was the first book written by the renowned philosopher Charles Taylor. A vitally important work of philosophical anthropology, it is a devastating criticism of the theory of behaviourism, a powerful explanatory approach in psychology and philosophy when Taylor's book was first published. However, Taylor has far more to offer than a simple critique of behaviourism. He argues that in order to properly understand human beings, we must grasp that they are embodied, minded creatures with purposes, plans and goals, something entirely lacking in reductionist, scientific explanations of human behaviour. Taylor’s book is also prescient in according a central place to non-human animals, which like human beings are subject to needs, desires and emotions. However, because human beings have the unique ability to interpret and reflect on their own actions and purposes and declare them to others, Taylor argues that human experience differs to that of other animals. Furthermore, the fact that human beings are often directed by their purposes has a fundamental bearing on how we understand the social and moral world. Taylor’s classic work is essential reading for those in philosophy and psychology as well as related areas such as sociology and religion. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Preface by the author and a new Foreword by Alva Noë, setting the book in philosophical and historical context.


Book Synopsis The Explanation of Behaviour by : Charles Taylor

Download or read book The Explanation of Behaviour written by Charles Taylor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-16 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Explanation of Behaviour was the first book written by the renowned philosopher Charles Taylor. A vitally important work of philosophical anthropology, it is a devastating criticism of the theory of behaviourism, a powerful explanatory approach in psychology and philosophy when Taylor's book was first published. However, Taylor has far more to offer than a simple critique of behaviourism. He argues that in order to properly understand human beings, we must grasp that they are embodied, minded creatures with purposes, plans and goals, something entirely lacking in reductionist, scientific explanations of human behaviour. Taylor’s book is also prescient in according a central place to non-human animals, which like human beings are subject to needs, desires and emotions. However, because human beings have the unique ability to interpret and reflect on their own actions and purposes and declare them to others, Taylor argues that human experience differs to that of other animals. Furthermore, the fact that human beings are often directed by their purposes has a fundamental bearing on how we understand the social and moral world. Taylor’s classic work is essential reading for those in philosophy and psychology as well as related areas such as sociology and religion. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Preface by the author and a new Foreword by Alva Noë, setting the book in philosophical and historical context.

Understanding Behaviour and Development in Early Childhood

Understanding Behaviour and Development in Early Childhood

Author: Maria Robinson

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2010-10-04

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13: 1136908870

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In this accessible and thought-provoking text, the author examines the behaviour of babies and young children in a developmental context, and takes into account the shifts and changes over time as young children grow and mature. Understanding Behaviour and Development in Early Childhood reveals, for example, how behaviour perceived as ‘difficult’ in a young child may be the manifestation of a response to emotional, sensory and cognitive experiences. Throughout the book, readers will find a strong emphasis on emotional well-being and the need to place our understanding of behaviour within a developmental time frame. Based on wide ranging professional experience the topics examined and discussed in this insightful book include: what we understand by ‘behaviour’ how the brain and senses work and mature during early childhood behaviour as a reflection of the child’s internal state what emotions are and how we learn what feelings mean to us as individuals how emotions affect our ability to learn how we develop a sense of self. The book provides suggestions for how adults may think about and respond to changes in children’s behaviour, and how we may support children in learning how to manage their own behaviour as they grow older and encounter wider and more complex situations. Understanding the meaning of behaviour is a constant challenge for anyone working with children. This developmental approach promotes a helpful reflective stance for practitioners and students working in early childhood education and care.


Book Synopsis Understanding Behaviour and Development in Early Childhood by : Maria Robinson

Download or read book Understanding Behaviour and Development in Early Childhood written by Maria Robinson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this accessible and thought-provoking text, the author examines the behaviour of babies and young children in a developmental context, and takes into account the shifts and changes over time as young children grow and mature. Understanding Behaviour and Development in Early Childhood reveals, for example, how behaviour perceived as ‘difficult’ in a young child may be the manifestation of a response to emotional, sensory and cognitive experiences. Throughout the book, readers will find a strong emphasis on emotional well-being and the need to place our understanding of behaviour within a developmental time frame. Based on wide ranging professional experience the topics examined and discussed in this insightful book include: what we understand by ‘behaviour’ how the brain and senses work and mature during early childhood behaviour as a reflection of the child’s internal state what emotions are and how we learn what feelings mean to us as individuals how emotions affect our ability to learn how we develop a sense of self. The book provides suggestions for how adults may think about and respond to changes in children’s behaviour, and how we may support children in learning how to manage their own behaviour as they grow older and encounter wider and more complex situations. Understanding the meaning of behaviour is a constant challenge for anyone working with children. This developmental approach promotes a helpful reflective stance for practitioners and students working in early childhood education and care.

A Dictionary of Marketing

A Dictionary of Marketing

Author: Charles Doyle

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2011-03-24

Total Pages: 432

ISBN-13: 0191044997

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A Dictionary of Marketing is an accessible and wide-ranging A-Z, providing over 2,600 entries on topics spanning terms for traditional marketing techniques (from strategy, positioning, segmentation, and branding, to all aspects of marketing planning, research, and analysis), as well as leading marketing theories and concepts. Both classic and modern marketing techniques are covered. Entries reflect modern changes in marketing practice, including the use of digital and multi media, the impact of the world wide web on advertising, and the increased influence of social media, search engine optimization, and global marketing. Also included is a time line of the development of marketing as a discipline and the key events that impacted the development, as well as over 100 relevant web links, accessed and updated via a companion website. In addition, the main appendix provides greater depth on the subject, including advertising and brand case studies with a strong international focus. These are arranged thematically, e.g. automobile industry, food and drink, luxury goods, and focus on iconic brands, marketing campaigns, and slogans of the 20th century that have permeated our collective consciousness, exploring how the ideas defined in the main text of the book have been utilised successfully in practice across the globe. This dictionary is an indispensable resource for students of marketing and related disciplines, as well as a practical guide for professional practitioners.


Book Synopsis A Dictionary of Marketing by : Charles Doyle

Download or read book A Dictionary of Marketing written by Charles Doyle and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-03-24 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Dictionary of Marketing is an accessible and wide-ranging A-Z, providing over 2,600 entries on topics spanning terms for traditional marketing techniques (from strategy, positioning, segmentation, and branding, to all aspects of marketing planning, research, and analysis), as well as leading marketing theories and concepts. Both classic and modern marketing techniques are covered. Entries reflect modern changes in marketing practice, including the use of digital and multi media, the impact of the world wide web on advertising, and the increased influence of social media, search engine optimization, and global marketing. Also included is a time line of the development of marketing as a discipline and the key events that impacted the development, as well as over 100 relevant web links, accessed and updated via a companion website. In addition, the main appendix provides greater depth on the subject, including advertising and brand case studies with a strong international focus. These are arranged thematically, e.g. automobile industry, food and drink, luxury goods, and focus on iconic brands, marketing campaigns, and slogans of the 20th century that have permeated our collective consciousness, exploring how the ideas defined in the main text of the book have been utilised successfully in practice across the globe. This dictionary is an indispensable resource for students of marketing and related disciplines, as well as a practical guide for professional practitioners.

Language for Behaviour and Emotions

Language for Behaviour and Emotions

Author: Anna Branagan

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-10-29

Total Pages: 392

ISBN-13: 1000162982

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This practical, interactive resource is designed to be used by professionals who work with children and young people who have Social, Emotional and Mental Health needs and Speech, Language and Communication needs. Gaps in language and emotional skills can have a negative impact on behaviour as well as mental health and self-esteem. The Language for Behaviour and Emotions approach provides a systematic approach to developing these skills so that young people can understand and work through social interaction difficulties. Key features include: A focus on specific skills that are linked to behaviour, such as understanding meaning, verbal reasoning and emotional literacy skills. A framework for assessment, as well as a range of downloadable activities, worksheets and resources for supporting students. Sixty illustrated scenarios that can be used flexibly with a wide range of ages and abilities to promote language skills, emotional skills and self-awareness. This invaluable resource is suitable for use with young people with a range of abilities in one to one, small group or whole class settings. It is particularly applicable to children and young people who are aiming to develop wider language, social and emotional skills including those with Developmental Language Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.


Book Synopsis Language for Behaviour and Emotions by : Anna Branagan

Download or read book Language for Behaviour and Emotions written by Anna Branagan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical, interactive resource is designed to be used by professionals who work with children and young people who have Social, Emotional and Mental Health needs and Speech, Language and Communication needs. Gaps in language and emotional skills can have a negative impact on behaviour as well as mental health and self-esteem. The Language for Behaviour and Emotions approach provides a systematic approach to developing these skills so that young people can understand and work through social interaction difficulties. Key features include: A focus on specific skills that are linked to behaviour, such as understanding meaning, verbal reasoning and emotional literacy skills. A framework for assessment, as well as a range of downloadable activities, worksheets and resources for supporting students. Sixty illustrated scenarios that can be used flexibly with a wide range of ages and abilities to promote language skills, emotional skills and self-awareness. This invaluable resource is suitable for use with young people with a range of abilities in one to one, small group or whole class settings. It is particularly applicable to children and young people who are aiming to develop wider language, social and emotional skills including those with Developmental Language Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Everyday Information Practices

Everyday Information Practices

Author: Reijo Savolainen

Publisher: Scarecrow Press

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13: 9780810861114

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In general, information practices are viewed as tools that people use to further their everyday projects. Essentially, people's information practices draw on their stocks of knowledge that form the habitual starting point of information seeking, use, and sharing. To judge the value of information available in external sources like newspapers and the Internet, people construct information source horizons. They set information sources in order of preference and suggest information seeking paths, such as "first check the net, then visit the library." Everyday Information Practices draws on interviews with environmental activists and unemployed people during 2005 and 2006, exploring the practices of information seeking by focusing on the ways in which the participants monitored everyday events and sought information to solve specific problems. The book shows that everyday information seeking practices tend to be oriented by the principle of "good enough." Overall, the role of routines and habits is more significant than has earlier been assumed. Thus, everyday information seeking practices tend to change quite slowly.


Book Synopsis Everyday Information Practices by : Reijo Savolainen

Download or read book Everyday Information Practices written by Reijo Savolainen and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In general, information practices are viewed as tools that people use to further their everyday projects. Essentially, people's information practices draw on their stocks of knowledge that form the habitual starting point of information seeking, use, and sharing. To judge the value of information available in external sources like newspapers and the Internet, people construct information source horizons. They set information sources in order of preference and suggest information seeking paths, such as "first check the net, then visit the library." Everyday Information Practices draws on interviews with environmental activists and unemployed people during 2005 and 2006, exploring the practices of information seeking by focusing on the ways in which the participants monitored everyday events and sought information to solve specific problems. The book shows that everyday information seeking practices tend to be oriented by the principle of "good enough." Overall, the role of routines and habits is more significant than has earlier been assumed. Thus, everyday information seeking practices tend to change quite slowly.