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Covering more than one century, this book describes the complex issues of Mongol-Armenian political relations that involved many different ethnic groups in a vast geographical area stretching from China to the Mediterranean coast in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
Book Synopsis The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335) by : Bayarsaikhan Dashdondog
Download or read book The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335) written by Bayarsaikhan Dashdondog and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2010-12-07 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering more than one century, this book describes the complex issues of Mongol-Armenian political relations that involved many different ethnic groups in a vast geographical area stretching from China to the Mediterranean coast in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
Book Synopsis Mongol-Armenian political relations (1220-1335) by : Dashdondogiĭn Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan
Download or read book Mongol-Armenian political relations (1220-1335) written by Dashdondogiĭn Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
This work seeks to fill a gap in the academic literature concerning the study of the Ilkhanid Mongols of the Middle East during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries CE using Armenian, Persian, Arabic, and Syriac primary sources in English translation. This study will analyze the triangular relationship among the Ilkhanid Mongols, the Kingdom of Cilician Armenia and Greater Armenia, and the Egyptian Mamluks to discern the Ilkhanate's impact in the Middle East. Although the Armenians became subjects of the Mongols, they did not gain many benefits from this partnership. In fact, their relationship proved to be overwhelmingly negative. Although the Mamluks were adversaries of the Mongols, they ultimately benefited greatly from their adversarial stance by establishing and legitimizing the rule of the martial mamluk caste. This thesis seeks to show the importance of studying this triangular relationship and its impact on the medieval Middle East.
Book Synopsis The Ilkhanid Mongols, the Christian Armenians, and the Islamic Mamluks by : Lauren Prezbindowski
Download or read book The Ilkhanid Mongols, the Christian Armenians, and the Islamic Mamluks written by Lauren Prezbindowski and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work seeks to fill a gap in the academic literature concerning the study of the Ilkhanid Mongols of the Middle East during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries CE using Armenian, Persian, Arabic, and Syriac primary sources in English translation. This study will analyze the triangular relationship among the Ilkhanid Mongols, the Kingdom of Cilician Armenia and Greater Armenia, and the Egyptian Mamluks to discern the Ilkhanate's impact in the Middle East. Although the Armenians became subjects of the Mongols, they did not gain many benefits from this partnership. In fact, their relationship proved to be overwhelmingly negative. Although the Mamluks were adversaries of the Mongols, they ultimately benefited greatly from their adversarial stance by establishing and legitimizing the rule of the martial mamluk caste. This thesis seeks to show the importance of studying this triangular relationship and its impact on the medieval Middle East.
Armenia sits on the cusp between Europe and Asia, landlocked between Turkey and Iran, two opposing powers. For much of its history, Armenia was forced to contend between two greater powers positioned on either side of it. There was Persia and its powerful influence on one side and Turkey on the other, both interested in advancing and assuming control over the Armenian Plains. Today, these enmities continue to persist, with Turkey refusing to open its borders with Armenia, while there is a strong tourist trade with Iran. Besides these competing countries, Azerbaijan claims the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave, as does Armenia. There are periodic flare-ups, with the most recent ceasefire, brokered by Russia, taking place on 10 November 2020, resulting in Azerbaijan gaining a distinct military advantage, large territories in the disputed region. In August 2017, I traveled to and spent a nearly month in Armenia, visiting sites both in Yerevan, the capital and in locations distant from the capital. The ancient Zorats Karer, site of the Armenian Stonehenge, has massive stones configured in a curving 'S' shape, placed by ancient and unknown people. The site is also known as the 'singing stones' because of the holes bored into the stones. One must conjecture that the ancient construction of Gobekli Tepe in Turkey, attracted ancient hunter-gatherers to this large region, where they constructed these sites for reasons with which we are not familiar. Other than these stones, nothing is known of them, why they were built, and its overall purpose. Even their age is contested. Further south is Tatev, site of an ancient monastery, containing a unique scientific obelisk. The tall stone column, standing free at its base, was designed to predict the severity of earthquakes by its movement. This is a remarkable construction, made by an early seismologist interested in calibrating the periodic earthquakes this area experiences. To travel to the monastery grounds, I crossed the deep gorge by way of the world's longest cable tramway, the Wings of Tatev. As I review in my reviews of journeys to different countries, I visited with the small Jewish community in Armenia. Its chief rabbi, the only formal Jewish leader in the country, welcomed me and I spent one Sabbath as we discussed the history of Jews in the country and the minuscule community he leads today. During the Second World War, he, his mother and aunt sheltered here, finding the country and city a welcome respite from Nazi and Soviet anti-Semitism. Thousand of fellow Jews did the same and were grateful for this place of refuge. But in the years following that world conflict, all but approximately one hundred Jews left the country. Today, they reside in Israel, as in other counties. There is an enduring question why the Armenian setting was not conducive to Jewish settlement and business development. I found Armenia to be a fascinating country, with a long and complex history. Known for the Armenia Genocide, it is a place with attractions that remain unique. I share my journey and the places of interest about this country, with its complex history and its special people.
Book Synopsis Journey to the Republic of Armenia by : Kalman Dubov
Download or read book Journey to the Republic of Armenia written by Kalman Dubov and published by Kalman Dubov. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Armenia sits on the cusp between Europe and Asia, landlocked between Turkey and Iran, two opposing powers. For much of its history, Armenia was forced to contend between two greater powers positioned on either side of it. There was Persia and its powerful influence on one side and Turkey on the other, both interested in advancing and assuming control over the Armenian Plains. Today, these enmities continue to persist, with Turkey refusing to open its borders with Armenia, while there is a strong tourist trade with Iran. Besides these competing countries, Azerbaijan claims the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave, as does Armenia. There are periodic flare-ups, with the most recent ceasefire, brokered by Russia, taking place on 10 November 2020, resulting in Azerbaijan gaining a distinct military advantage, large territories in the disputed region. In August 2017, I traveled to and spent a nearly month in Armenia, visiting sites both in Yerevan, the capital and in locations distant from the capital. The ancient Zorats Karer, site of the Armenian Stonehenge, has massive stones configured in a curving 'S' shape, placed by ancient and unknown people. The site is also known as the 'singing stones' because of the holes bored into the stones. One must conjecture that the ancient construction of Gobekli Tepe in Turkey, attracted ancient hunter-gatherers to this large region, where they constructed these sites for reasons with which we are not familiar. Other than these stones, nothing is known of them, why they were built, and its overall purpose. Even their age is contested. Further south is Tatev, site of an ancient monastery, containing a unique scientific obelisk. The tall stone column, standing free at its base, was designed to predict the severity of earthquakes by its movement. This is a remarkable construction, made by an early seismologist interested in calibrating the periodic earthquakes this area experiences. To travel to the monastery grounds, I crossed the deep gorge by way of the world's longest cable tramway, the Wings of Tatev. As I review in my reviews of journeys to different countries, I visited with the small Jewish community in Armenia. Its chief rabbi, the only formal Jewish leader in the country, welcomed me and I spent one Sabbath as we discussed the history of Jews in the country and the minuscule community he leads today. During the Second World War, he, his mother and aunt sheltered here, finding the country and city a welcome respite from Nazi and Soviet anti-Semitism. Thousand of fellow Jews did the same and were grateful for this place of refuge. But in the years following that world conflict, all but approximately one hundred Jews left the country. Today, they reside in Israel, as in other counties. There is an enduring question why the Armenian setting was not conducive to Jewish settlement and business development. I found Armenia to be a fascinating country, with a long and complex history. Known for the Armenia Genocide, it is a place with attractions that remain unique. I share my journey and the places of interest about this country, with its complex history and its special people.
This study provides a new interpretation of how political authority was conceived and transmitted in the Early Mongol Empire (1227-1259) and its successor state in the Middle East, the Īlkhānate (1258-1335). Authority within the Mongol Empire was intimately tied to the character of its founder, Chinggis Khan, whose reign served as an idealized model for the exercise of legitimate authority amongst his political successors. Yet Chinggis Khan's legacy was interpreted differently by the various factions within his army. In the years after his death, two distinct political traditions emerged within the Mongol Empire, the collegial and the patrimonialist. Each of these streams represented the economic and political interests of different groups within the Mongol Empire, respectively, the military aristocracy and the central government. The supporters of both streams claimed to adhere to the ideal of Chinggisid rule, but their different statuses within the Mongol community led them to hold divergent views of what constituted legitimate political authority. Michael Hope's study details the origin of, and the differences between, these two streams of tradition; analyzing the role that these streams played in the political development of the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate; and assessing the role that ideological tension between the two streams played in the events leading up to the division of the Īlkhānate. Hope demonstrates that the policy and identity of both the Early Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate were defined by the conflict between these competing streams of Chinggisid authority.
Book Synopsis Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran by : Michael Hope
Download or read book Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran written by Michael Hope and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-29 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides a new interpretation of how political authority was conceived and transmitted in the Early Mongol Empire (1227-1259) and its successor state in the Middle East, the Īlkhānate (1258-1335). Authority within the Mongol Empire was intimately tied to the character of its founder, Chinggis Khan, whose reign served as an idealized model for the exercise of legitimate authority amongst his political successors. Yet Chinggis Khan's legacy was interpreted differently by the various factions within his army. In the years after his death, two distinct political traditions emerged within the Mongol Empire, the collegial and the patrimonialist. Each of these streams represented the economic and political interests of different groups within the Mongol Empire, respectively, the military aristocracy and the central government. The supporters of both streams claimed to adhere to the ideal of Chinggisid rule, but their different statuses within the Mongol community led them to hold divergent views of what constituted legitimate political authority. Michael Hope's study details the origin of, and the differences between, these two streams of tradition; analyzing the role that these streams played in the political development of the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate; and assessing the role that ideological tension between the two streams played in the events leading up to the division of the Īlkhānate. Hope demonstrates that the policy and identity of both the Early Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate were defined by the conflict between these competing streams of Chinggisid authority.
I.B.Tauris in association with the Iran Heritage Foundation Iran's rich cultural heritage has been shaped over many centuries by its rich and eventful history. This impressive book, which assembles contributions by some of the world's most eminent historians, art historians and other scholars of the Iranian world, explores the history of the country through the prism of Persian literature, art and culture. The result is a seminal work which illuminates important, yet largely neglected, aspects of Medieval and Early Modern Iran and the Middle East. Its scope, from the era of Ferdowsi, Iran's national epic poet and the author of the Shahnameh to the period of the Mongols, Timurids, Safavids, Zands and Qajars, examines the interaction between mythology, history, historiography, poetry, painting and craftwork in the long narrative of the Persianate experience. As such, Ferdowsi, the Mongols and the History of Iran is essential reading and a reference point for students and scholars of Iranian history, Persian literature and the arts of the Islamic World.
Book Synopsis Ferdowsi, the Mongols and the History of Iran by : Robert Hillenbrand
Download or read book Ferdowsi, the Mongols and the History of Iran written by Robert Hillenbrand and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-11-18 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I.B.Tauris in association with the Iran Heritage Foundation Iran's rich cultural heritage has been shaped over many centuries by its rich and eventful history. This impressive book, which assembles contributions by some of the world's most eminent historians, art historians and other scholars of the Iranian world, explores the history of the country through the prism of Persian literature, art and culture. The result is a seminal work which illuminates important, yet largely neglected, aspects of Medieval and Early Modern Iran and the Middle East. Its scope, from the era of Ferdowsi, Iran's national epic poet and the author of the Shahnameh to the period of the Mongols, Timurids, Safavids, Zands and Qajars, examines the interaction between mythology, history, historiography, poetry, painting and craftwork in the long narrative of the Persianate experience. As such, Ferdowsi, the Mongols and the History of Iran is essential reading and a reference point for students and scholars of Iranian history, Persian literature and the arts of the Islamic World.
In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries Chinggis Khan and his progeny ruled over two-thirds of Eurasia. Connecting East, West, North and South, the Mongols integrated most of the Old World, promoting unprecedented cross-cultural contacts and triggering the reshuffle of religious, ethnic, and geopolitical identities. The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire studies the Empire holistically in its full Eurasian context, putting the Mongols and their nomadic culture at the center. Written by an international team of more than forty leading scholars, this two-volume set provides an authoritative and multifaceted history of 'the Mongol Moment' (1206–1368) in world history and includes an unprecedented survey of the various sources for its study, textual (written in sisteen languages), archaeological, and visual. This groundbreaking Cambridge History sets a new standard for future study of the Empire. It will serve as the fundamental reference work for those interested in Mongol, Eurasian, and world history.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire 2 Volumes by : Michal Biran
Download or read book The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire 2 Volumes written by Michal Biran and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 1916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries Chinggis Khan and his progeny ruled over two-thirds of Eurasia. Connecting East, West, North and South, the Mongols integrated most of the Old World, promoting unprecedented cross-cultural contacts and triggering the reshuffle of religious, ethnic, and geopolitical identities. The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire studies the Empire holistically in its full Eurasian context, putting the Mongols and their nomadic culture at the center. Written by an international team of more than forty leading scholars, this two-volume set provides an authoritative and multifaceted history of 'the Mongol Moment' (1206–1368) in world history and includes an unprecedented survey of the various sources for its study, textual (written in sisteen languages), archaeological, and visual. This groundbreaking Cambridge History sets a new standard for future study of the Empire. It will serve as the fundamental reference work for those interested in Mongol, Eurasian, and world history.
Reconstructing the Mongol invasions, conquest and early government of Caucasia, in the context of the Byzantine and the Central Asian broad political picture.
Book Synopsis Mongol Caucasia by : Lorenzo Pubblici
Download or read book Mongol Caucasia written by Lorenzo Pubblici and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-03-16 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reconstructing the Mongol invasions, conquest and early government of Caucasia, in the context of the Byzantine and the Central Asian broad political picture.
The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe offers a comprehensive overview of the Mongols’ military, political, socio-economic and cultural relations with Central and Eastern European nations between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in history, and one which contributed to the establishment of political, commercial and cultural contacts between all Eurasian regions. The Golden Horde, founded in Eastern Europe by Chinggis Khan’s grandson, Batu, in the thirteenth century, was the dominant power in the region. For two hundred years, all of the countries and peoples of Central and Eastern Europe had to reckon with a powerful centralized state with enormous military potential. Some chose to submit to the Mongols whilst others defended their independence, but none could avoid the influence of this powerful empire. In this book, twenty-five chapters examine this crucial period in Central-Eastern European history, including trade, confrontation, and cultural and religious exchange between the Mongols and their neighbours. This book will be an essential reference for scholars and students of the Mongols, as well those interested in the political, social and economic history of medieval Central-Eastern Europe.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe by : Alexander V. Maiorov
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe written by Alexander V. Maiorov and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe offers a comprehensive overview of the Mongols’ military, political, socio-economic and cultural relations with Central and Eastern European nations between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in history, and one which contributed to the establishment of political, commercial and cultural contacts between all Eurasian regions. The Golden Horde, founded in Eastern Europe by Chinggis Khan’s grandson, Batu, in the thirteenth century, was the dominant power in the region. For two hundred years, all of the countries and peoples of Central and Eastern Europe had to reckon with a powerful centralized state with enormous military potential. Some chose to submit to the Mongols whilst others defended their independence, but none could avoid the influence of this powerful empire. In this book, twenty-five chapters examine this crucial period in Central-Eastern European history, including trade, confrontation, and cultural and religious exchange between the Mongols and their neighbours. This book will be an essential reference for scholars and students of the Mongols, as well those interested in the political, social and economic history of medieval Central-Eastern Europe.
Drawing upon research carried out in several different languages and across a variety of disciplines, The Mongol World documents how Mongol rule shaped the trajectory of Eurasian history from Central Europe to the Korean Peninsula, from the thirteenth century to the fifteenth century. Contributing authors consider how intercontinental environmental, economic, and intellectual trends affected the Empire as a whole and, where appropriate, situate regional political, social, and religious shifts within the context of the broader Mongol Empire. Issues pertaining to the Mongols and their role within the societies that they conquered therefore take precedence over the historical narrative of the societies that they conquered. Alongside the formation, conquests, administration, and political structure of the Mongol Empire, the second section examines archaeology and art history, family and royal households, science and exploration, and religion, which provides greater insight into the social history of the Empire -- an aspect often neglected by traditional dynastic and political histories. With 58 chapters written by both senior and early-career scholars, the volume is an essential resource for all students and scholars who study the Mongol Empire from its origins to its disintegration and legacy.
Book Synopsis The Mongol World by : Timothy May
Download or read book The Mongol World written by Timothy May and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-05-25 with total page 1332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon research carried out in several different languages and across a variety of disciplines, The Mongol World documents how Mongol rule shaped the trajectory of Eurasian history from Central Europe to the Korean Peninsula, from the thirteenth century to the fifteenth century. Contributing authors consider how intercontinental environmental, economic, and intellectual trends affected the Empire as a whole and, where appropriate, situate regional political, social, and religious shifts within the context of the broader Mongol Empire. Issues pertaining to the Mongols and their role within the societies that they conquered therefore take precedence over the historical narrative of the societies that they conquered. Alongside the formation, conquests, administration, and political structure of the Mongol Empire, the second section examines archaeology and art history, family and royal households, science and exploration, and religion, which provides greater insight into the social history of the Empire -- an aspect often neglected by traditional dynastic and political histories. With 58 chapters written by both senior and early-career scholars, the volume is an essential resource for all students and scholars who study the Mongol Empire from its origins to its disintegration and legacy.
