The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China

The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China

Author: Philip Huang

Publisher: Stanford University Press

Published: 1985-06-01

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 9780804780995

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The author presents a convincing new interpretation of the origins and nature of the agrarian crisis that gripped the North China Plain in the two centuries before the Revolution. His extensive research included eighteenth-century homicide case records, a nineteenth-century country government archive, large quantities of 1930's Japanese ethnographic materials, and his own field studies in 1980. Through a comparison of the histories of small family farms and larger scale managerial farms, the author documents and illustrates the long-term trends of agricultural commercialization, social stratification, and mounting population pressure in the peasant economy. He shows how those changes, in the absence of dynamic economic growth, combined over the course of several centuries to produce a majority, not simply of land-short peasants or of exploited tenants and agricultural laborers, but of poor peasants who required both family farming and agricultural wage income to survive. This interlocking of family farming with wage labor furnished a large supply of cheap labor, which in turn acted as a powerful brake of capital accumulation in the economy. The formation of such a poor peasantry ultimately altered both the nature of village communities and their relations with the elites and the state, creating tensions that led in the end to revolution.


Book Synopsis The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China by : Philip Huang

Download or read book The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China written by Philip Huang and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1985-06-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author presents a convincing new interpretation of the origins and nature of the agrarian crisis that gripped the North China Plain in the two centuries before the Revolution. His extensive research included eighteenth-century homicide case records, a nineteenth-century country government archive, large quantities of 1930's Japanese ethnographic materials, and his own field studies in 1980. Through a comparison of the histories of small family farms and larger scale managerial farms, the author documents and illustrates the long-term trends of agricultural commercialization, social stratification, and mounting population pressure in the peasant economy. He shows how those changes, in the absence of dynamic economic growth, combined over the course of several centuries to produce a majority, not simply of land-short peasants or of exploited tenants and agricultural laborers, but of poor peasants who required both family farming and agricultural wage income to survive. This interlocking of family farming with wage labor furnished a large supply of cheap labor, which in turn acted as a powerful brake of capital accumulation in the economy. The formation of such a poor peasantry ultimately altered both the nature of village communities and their relations with the elites and the state, creating tensions that led in the end to revolution.


The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China

The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China

Author: Philip C. Huang

Publisher:

Published: 1985

Total Pages: 369

ISBN-13: 9789576381812

DOWNLOAD EBOOK


Book Synopsis The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China by : Philip C. Huang

Download or read book The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China written by Philip C. Huang and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China

The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1985

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK


Book Synopsis The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China by :

Download or read book The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Capitalism and the Chinese Peasant

Capitalism and the Chinese Peasant

Author: Jack M. Potter

Publisher: Berkeley : University of California Press

Published: 1968

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Case study of a rural area village in Hong Kong as an example of the effects of social change and economic development within a capitalist framework - covers historical aspects, the occupational structure, rural workers, cultivation techniques, farm management, property ownership, land tenure, family budgets, the standard of living, cultural factors, etc. Bibliography pp. 207 to 212.


Book Synopsis Capitalism and the Chinese Peasant by : Jack M. Potter

Download or read book Capitalism and the Chinese Peasant written by Jack M. Potter and published by Berkeley : University of California Press. This book was released on 1968 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case study of a rural area village in Hong Kong as an example of the effects of social change and economic development within a capitalist framework - covers historical aspects, the occupational structure, rural workers, cultivation techniques, farm management, property ownership, land tenure, family budgets, the standard of living, cultural factors, etc. Bibliography pp. 207 to 212.


The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yangzi Delta, 1350-1988

The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yangzi Delta, 1350-1988

Author: Philip C. Huang

Publisher: Stanford University Press

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 880

ISBN-13: 0804717885

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

How can we account for the durability of subsistence farming in China despite six centuries of vigorous commercialization from 1350 to 1950 and three decades of collectivization between 1950 to 1980? Why did the Chinese rural economy not undergo the transformation predicted by the classical models of Adam Smith and Karl Marx? In attempting to answer this question, scholars have generally treated commercialization and collectivization as distinct from population increase, the other great rural change of the past six centuries. This book breaks new ground in arguing that in the Yangzi delta, China's most advanced agricultural region, population increase was what drove commercialization and collectivization, even as it was made possible by them. The processes at work, which the author terms involutionary commercialization and involutionary growth, entailed ever-increasing labor input per unit of land, resulting in expanded total output but diminishing marginal returns per workday. In the Ming-Qing period, involution usually meant a switch to more labor-intensive cash crops and low-return household sidelines. In post-revolutionary China, it typically meant greatly intensified crop production. Stagnant or declining returns per workday were absorbed first by the family production unit and then by the collective. The true significance of the 1980's reforms, the author argues, lies in the diversion of labour from farming to rural industries and profitable sidelines and the first increases for centuries in productivity and income per workday. With these changes have come a measure of rural prosperity and the genuine possibility of transformative rural development. By reconstructing Ming-Qing agricultural history and drawing on twentieth-century ethnographic data and his own field investigations, the author brings his large themes down to the level of individual peasant households. Like his acclaimed The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China (1985), this study is noteworthy for both its empirical richness and its theoretical sweep, but it goes well beyond the earlier work in its inter-regional comparisons and its use of the pre- and post-1949 periods to illuminate each other.


Book Synopsis The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yangzi Delta, 1350-1988 by : Philip C. Huang

Download or read book The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yangzi Delta, 1350-1988 written by Philip C. Huang and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can we account for the durability of subsistence farming in China despite six centuries of vigorous commercialization from 1350 to 1950 and three decades of collectivization between 1950 to 1980? Why did the Chinese rural economy not undergo the transformation predicted by the classical models of Adam Smith and Karl Marx? In attempting to answer this question, scholars have generally treated commercialization and collectivization as distinct from population increase, the other great rural change of the past six centuries. This book breaks new ground in arguing that in the Yangzi delta, China's most advanced agricultural region, population increase was what drove commercialization and collectivization, even as it was made possible by them. The processes at work, which the author terms involutionary commercialization and involutionary growth, entailed ever-increasing labor input per unit of land, resulting in expanded total output but diminishing marginal returns per workday. In the Ming-Qing period, involution usually meant a switch to more labor-intensive cash crops and low-return household sidelines. In post-revolutionary China, it typically meant greatly intensified crop production. Stagnant or declining returns per workday were absorbed first by the family production unit and then by the collective. The true significance of the 1980's reforms, the author argues, lies in the diversion of labour from farming to rural industries and profitable sidelines and the first increases for centuries in productivity and income per workday. With these changes have come a measure of rural prosperity and the genuine possibility of transformative rural development. By reconstructing Ming-Qing agricultural history and drawing on twentieth-century ethnographic data and his own field investigations, the author brings his large themes down to the level of individual peasant households. Like his acclaimed The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China (1985), this study is noteworthy for both its empirical richness and its theoretical sweep, but it goes well beyond the earlier work in its inter-regional comparisons and its use of the pre- and post-1949 periods to illuminate each other.


The Microeconomics of Peasant Economy

The Microeconomics of Peasant Economy

Author: Thomas B. Wiens

Publisher: Dissertations-G

Published: 1982

Total Pages: 544

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK


Book Synopsis The Microeconomics of Peasant Economy by : Thomas B. Wiens

Download or read book The Microeconomics of Peasant Economy written by Thomas B. Wiens and published by Dissertations-G. This book was released on 1982 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


The Making of a Hinterland

The Making of a Hinterland

Author: Kenneth Pomeranz

Publisher: Univ of California Press

Published: 2023-12-22

Total Pages: 411

ISBN-13: 0520913191

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This wholly original reassessment of critical issues in modern Chinese history traces social, economic, and ecological change in inland North China during the late Qing dynasty and the Republic. Using many new sources, Kenneth Pomeranz argues that the development of certain regions entailed the systematic underdevelopment of other regions. He maps changes in local finance, farming, transportation, taxation, and popular protest, and analyzes the consequences for different classes, sub-regions, and genders. Pomeranz attributes these diverse developments to several causes: the growing but incomplete integration of North China into the world economy, the state's abandonment of many hinterland areas and traditional functions, and the effect of local social structures on these processes. He shows that hinterlands were made, not merely found, and were powerfully shaped by the strategies of local groups as well as outside forces.


Book Synopsis The Making of a Hinterland by : Kenneth Pomeranz

Download or read book The Making of a Hinterland written by Kenneth Pomeranz and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This wholly original reassessment of critical issues in modern Chinese history traces social, economic, and ecological change in inland North China during the late Qing dynasty and the Republic. Using many new sources, Kenneth Pomeranz argues that the development of certain regions entailed the systematic underdevelopment of other regions. He maps changes in local finance, farming, transportation, taxation, and popular protest, and analyzes the consequences for different classes, sub-regions, and genders. Pomeranz attributes these diverse developments to several causes: the growing but incomplete integration of North China into the world economy, the state's abandonment of many hinterland areas and traditional functions, and the effect of local social structures on these processes. He shows that hinterlands were made, not merely found, and were powerfully shaped by the strategies of local groups as well as outside forces.


Peasants and Revolution in Rural China

Peasants and Revolution in Rural China

Author: Chang Liu

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 258

ISBN-13: 0415421764

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book explores rural political change in China from 1850 to 1949 to help us understand China’s transformation from a weak, decaying agrarian empire to a unified, strong nation-state during this period. Based on local gazetteers, contemporary field studies, government archives, personal memoirs and other primary sources, it systematically compares two key macro-regions of rural China – the North China plain and the Yangzi delta – to demonstrate the ways in which the forces of political change, shaped by different local conditions, operated to transform the country. It shows that on the North China plain, the village community composed mainly of owner-cultivators was the focal point for political mobilization, whilst in the Yangzi delta absentee landlordism was exploited by the state for local control and tax extraction. However, these both set the stage, in different ways, for the communist mobilization in the first half of the twentieth century. Peasants and Revolution in Rural Chinais an important addition to the literature on the history of the Chinese Revolution, and will be of interest to anyone seeking to understand the course of Chinese social and political development.


Book Synopsis Peasants and Revolution in Rural China by : Chang Liu

Download or read book Peasants and Revolution in Rural China written by Chang Liu and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores rural political change in China from 1850 to 1949 to help us understand China’s transformation from a weak, decaying agrarian empire to a unified, strong nation-state during this period. Based on local gazetteers, contemporary field studies, government archives, personal memoirs and other primary sources, it systematically compares two key macro-regions of rural China – the North China plain and the Yangzi delta – to demonstrate the ways in which the forces of political change, shaped by different local conditions, operated to transform the country. It shows that on the North China plain, the village community composed mainly of owner-cultivators was the focal point for political mobilization, whilst in the Yangzi delta absentee landlordism was exploited by the state for local control and tax extraction. However, these both set the stage, in different ways, for the communist mobilization in the first half of the twentieth century. Peasants and Revolution in Rural Chinais an important addition to the literature on the history of the Chinese Revolution, and will be of interest to anyone seeking to understand the course of Chinese social and political development.


Agricultural Change and the Peasant Economy of South China

Agricultural Change and the Peasant Economy of South China

Author: Evelyn Sakakida Rawski

Publisher:

Published: 1972-02-05

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780674428072

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

No detailed description available for "Agricultural Change and the Peasant Economy of South China".


Book Synopsis Agricultural Change and the Peasant Economy of South China by : Evelyn Sakakida Rawski

Download or read book Agricultural Change and the Peasant Economy of South China written by Evelyn Sakakida Rawski and published by . This book was released on 1972-02-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "Agricultural Change and the Peasant Economy of South China".


Rural China

Rural China

Author: Jie Fan

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2015-05-15

Total Pages: 463

ISBN-13: 1317460634

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book reports the findings of two field studies conducted between 1993 and 2001 in seven townships and six provinces in China. The authors describe the process of rural urbanization and its related economic, social, and political changes by focusing mainly on the zhen (town), in addition to administrative offices and companies involved in the local economy, and village committees. The authors show that the social changes resulting from China's economic reforms are occurring mainly from below, and that this process is also resulting in a weakening of the economic and political dominance of the central government. Other changes discussed in this study include the development of new ownership structures and the increasing dominance of the private sector; a shift in the functions of administrative offices as the bureaucracy becomes increasingly business oriented; the rise of a new local elite; a rebirth of traditional social structures (clans, local associations); and the emergence of new interest groups and institutions to represent their needs.


Book Synopsis Rural China by : Jie Fan

Download or read book Rural China written by Jie Fan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports the findings of two field studies conducted between 1993 and 2001 in seven townships and six provinces in China. The authors describe the process of rural urbanization and its related economic, social, and political changes by focusing mainly on the zhen (town), in addition to administrative offices and companies involved in the local economy, and village committees. The authors show that the social changes resulting from China's economic reforms are occurring mainly from below, and that this process is also resulting in a weakening of the economic and political dominance of the central government. Other changes discussed in this study include the development of new ownership structures and the increasing dominance of the private sector; a shift in the functions of administrative offices as the bureaucracy becomes increasingly business oriented; the rise of a new local elite; a rebirth of traditional social structures (clans, local associations); and the emergence of new interest groups and institutions to represent their needs.