The Struggle for the Independence of Puerto Rico

The Struggle for the Independence of Puerto Rico

Author: Juan Antonio Corretjer

Publisher: Bookbaby

Published: 2022-06-10

Total Pages: 174

ISBN-13: 9781667837956

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"The Struggle for the Independence of Puerto Rico" (La lucha por la independencia de Puerto Rico) is an essay on the history of Puerto Rico's attempts at liberation from colonial rule from Spain, in the 19th century, and from United States colonialism from 1898 to the present. Written in 1949, not only is it an outline for historians, but it is also an eyewitness account of Puerto Rican history that has been purposely excluded from the country's official history books. Author Juan Antonio Corretjer was a participant in the ascendancy and heyday of the Partido Nacionalista (Nationalist Party), and in 1936, with the rest of the party's leadership, was sentenced to ten years of imprisonment and exile in federal penitentiaries in Atlanta, Georgia, and in Manhattan, New York City. "Why?" The reader might ask, is this work being translated almost fifty years after its publication? The reason is simpler than one might expect: It is because Puerto Rico remains a colony of the United States. Although modern technology is familiar to many islanders, and there is a façade of economic prosperity, Puerto Ricans have no political power to decide upon economic, trade, or political policies. Over the past few decades, more and more reasons have surfaced to suggest an English edition of the book is critical to have published. Reasons include the current push from certain politicians in Washington towards annexation of Puerto Rico to the United States is strong and undeniable. In addition to this, there's been a shift in favor of statehood from progressive organizations and individuals in that country who once supported independence for the Island. With imminent threats painting a destructive future on Puerto Rico's behalf, it is important as many people learn about the "why" of this subject as possible. Statehood will mean the demise of a Latin American country that has its own cultural expressions, unique characteristics, and needs that are not consonant with the needs of the United States. The treatment of Puerto Ricans--as of native Hawaiians since the granting of statehood to that archipelago, and the Mexicans who were living in the western territories taken in the nineteenth century--will continue to be that of second-class citizens dispossessed of their national identity and sovereignty. For the United States, Puerto Rico is primarily a military bastion from which to threaten the integrity of the rest of Latin America, and a source of cannon fodder in times of war. The footnotes--not in the original text--are brief clarifications for readers who know nothing about the history of Puerto Rico. Some wordings have been changed to actualize, and to call attention to the fact that the passage of time has seen no fundamental difference in the relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States. The names of the political parties were left in Spanish, to avoid confusion with similar names of parties in the United States. In addition, the reader must bear in mind that America is all of the Americas, and not exclusively the portion in North America occupied by the United States. Consuelo Corretjer Lee December 7, 1999 New York


Book Synopsis The Struggle for the Independence of Puerto Rico by : Juan Antonio Corretjer

Download or read book The Struggle for the Independence of Puerto Rico written by Juan Antonio Corretjer and published by Bookbaby. This book was released on 2022-06-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Struggle for the Independence of Puerto Rico" (La lucha por la independencia de Puerto Rico) is an essay on the history of Puerto Rico's attempts at liberation from colonial rule from Spain, in the 19th century, and from United States colonialism from 1898 to the present. Written in 1949, not only is it an outline for historians, but it is also an eyewitness account of Puerto Rican history that has been purposely excluded from the country's official history books. Author Juan Antonio Corretjer was a participant in the ascendancy and heyday of the Partido Nacionalista (Nationalist Party), and in 1936, with the rest of the party's leadership, was sentenced to ten years of imprisonment and exile in federal penitentiaries in Atlanta, Georgia, and in Manhattan, New York City. "Why?" The reader might ask, is this work being translated almost fifty years after its publication? The reason is simpler than one might expect: It is because Puerto Rico remains a colony of the United States. Although modern technology is familiar to many islanders, and there is a façade of economic prosperity, Puerto Ricans have no political power to decide upon economic, trade, or political policies. Over the past few decades, more and more reasons have surfaced to suggest an English edition of the book is critical to have published. Reasons include the current push from certain politicians in Washington towards annexation of Puerto Rico to the United States is strong and undeniable. In addition to this, there's been a shift in favor of statehood from progressive organizations and individuals in that country who once supported independence for the Island. With imminent threats painting a destructive future on Puerto Rico's behalf, it is important as many people learn about the "why" of this subject as possible. Statehood will mean the demise of a Latin American country that has its own cultural expressions, unique characteristics, and needs that are not consonant with the needs of the United States. The treatment of Puerto Ricans--as of native Hawaiians since the granting of statehood to that archipelago, and the Mexicans who were living in the western territories taken in the nineteenth century--will continue to be that of second-class citizens dispossessed of their national identity and sovereignty. For the United States, Puerto Rico is primarily a military bastion from which to threaten the integrity of the rest of Latin America, and a source of cannon fodder in times of war. The footnotes--not in the original text--are brief clarifications for readers who know nothing about the history of Puerto Rico. Some wordings have been changed to actualize, and to call attention to the fact that the passage of time has seen no fundamental difference in the relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States. The names of the political parties were left in Spanish, to avoid confusion with similar names of parties in the United States. In addition, the reader must bear in mind that America is all of the Americas, and not exclusively the portion in North America occupied by the United States. Consuelo Corretjer Lee December 7, 1999 New York


The Puerto Rican Movement

The Puerto Rican Movement

Author: Andrés Torres

Publisher: Temple University Press

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 412

ISBN-13: 9781566396189

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Little attention has been paid to the Latino movements of the 1960s and 1970s in the literature of social movements. This volume is the first significant look at the organizations that emerged in the late 1960s to promote Puerto Rican independence and the radical transformation of U.S. society. The Puerto Rican movement was a response to U.S. colonialism on the island and to the poverty and discrimination faced by most Puerto Ricans on the mainland. This anthology looks at the organizations that emerged to combat these two problems in such places as Boston, Chicago, Hartford, New York, and Philadelphia. Almost all the contributors worked with the organizations they describe. Interviews with such key figures as Elizam Escobar, Piri Thomas, and Luis Fuentes, as well as accounts by people active in the gay/lesbian, African American, and white Left movements, create a vivid picture of why and how people became radicalized and how their ideals intersected with their group's own dynamics.


Book Synopsis The Puerto Rican Movement by : Andrés Torres

Download or read book The Puerto Rican Movement written by Andrés Torres and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little attention has been paid to the Latino movements of the 1960s and 1970s in the literature of social movements. This volume is the first significant look at the organizations that emerged in the late 1960s to promote Puerto Rican independence and the radical transformation of U.S. society. The Puerto Rican movement was a response to U.S. colonialism on the island and to the poverty and discrimination faced by most Puerto Ricans on the mainland. This anthology looks at the organizations that emerged to combat these two problems in such places as Boston, Chicago, Hartford, New York, and Philadelphia. Almost all the contributors worked with the organizations they describe. Interviews with such key figures as Elizam Escobar, Piri Thomas, and Luis Fuentes, as well as accounts by people active in the gay/lesbian, African American, and white Left movements, create a vivid picture of why and how people became radicalized and how their ideals intersected with their group's own dynamics.


The New Struggle for Puerto Rico's Independence

The New Struggle for Puerto Rico's Independence

Author: Juan Mari Bras

Publisher:

Published:

Total Pages: 7

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis The New Struggle for Puerto Rico's Independence by : Juan Mari Bras

Download or read book The New Struggle for Puerto Rico's Independence written by Juan Mari Bras and published by . This book was released on with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


War Against All Puerto Ricans

War Against All Puerto Ricans

Author: Nelson A Denis

Publisher: Bold Type Books

Published: 2015-04-07

Total Pages: 402

ISBN-13: 1568585020

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The powerful, untold story of the 1950 revolution in Puerto Rico and the long history of U.S. intervention on the island, that the New York Times says "could not be more timely." In 1950, after over fifty years of military occupation and colonial rule, the Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico staged an unsuccessful armed insurrection against the United States. Violence swept through the island: assassins were sent to kill President Harry Truman, gunfights roared in eight towns, police stations and post offices were burned down. In order to suppress this uprising, the US Army deployed thousands of troops and bombarded two towns, marking the first time in history that the US government bombed its own citizens. Nelson A. Denis tells this powerful story through the controversial life of Pedro Albizu Campos, who served as the president of the Nationalist Party. A lawyer, chemical engineer, and the first Puerto Rican to graduate from Harvard Law School, Albizu Campos was imprisoned for twenty-five years and died under mysterious circumstances. By tracing his life and death, Denis shows how the journey of Albizu Campos is part of a larger story of Puerto Rico and US colonialism. Through oral histories, personal interviews, eyewitness accounts, congressional testimony, and recently declassified FBI files, War Against All Puerto Ricans tells the story of a forgotten revolution and its context in Puerto Rico's history, from the US invasion in 1898 to the modern-day struggle for self-determination. Denis provides an unflinching account of the gunfights, prison riots, political intrigue, FBI and CIA covert activity, and mass hysteria that accompanied this tumultuous period in Puerto Rican history.


Book Synopsis War Against All Puerto Ricans by : Nelson A Denis

Download or read book War Against All Puerto Ricans written by Nelson A Denis and published by Bold Type Books. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The powerful, untold story of the 1950 revolution in Puerto Rico and the long history of U.S. intervention on the island, that the New York Times says "could not be more timely." In 1950, after over fifty years of military occupation and colonial rule, the Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico staged an unsuccessful armed insurrection against the United States. Violence swept through the island: assassins were sent to kill President Harry Truman, gunfights roared in eight towns, police stations and post offices were burned down. In order to suppress this uprising, the US Army deployed thousands of troops and bombarded two towns, marking the first time in history that the US government bombed its own citizens. Nelson A. Denis tells this powerful story through the controversial life of Pedro Albizu Campos, who served as the president of the Nationalist Party. A lawyer, chemical engineer, and the first Puerto Rican to graduate from Harvard Law School, Albizu Campos was imprisoned for twenty-five years and died under mysterious circumstances. By tracing his life and death, Denis shows how the journey of Albizu Campos is part of a larger story of Puerto Rico and US colonialism. Through oral histories, personal interviews, eyewitness accounts, congressional testimony, and recently declassified FBI files, War Against All Puerto Ricans tells the story of a forgotten revolution and its context in Puerto Rico's history, from the US invasion in 1898 to the modern-day struggle for self-determination. Denis provides an unflinching account of the gunfights, prison riots, political intrigue, FBI and CIA covert activity, and mass hysteria that accompanied this tumultuous period in Puerto Rican history.


History of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement: 19th century

History of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement: 19th century

Author: Harold J. Lidin

Publisher:

Published: 1981

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis History of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement: 19th century by : Harold J. Lidin

Download or read book History of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement: 19th century written by Harold J. Lidin and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Puerto Ricans in the U.S.

Puerto Ricans in the U.S.

Author: Catarino Garza

Publisher: Pathfinder Press (NY)

Published: 1977

Total Pages: 72

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Puerto Ricans in the U.S. by : Catarino Garza

Download or read book Puerto Ricans in the U.S. written by Catarino Garza and published by Pathfinder Press (NY). This book was released on 1977 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Colonial Dilemma

Colonial Dilemma

Author: Edwin Meléndez

Publisher: South End Press

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 268

ISBN-13: 9780896084414

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A collection of essays exposing and attacking misconceptions and ignorance regarding the role of the U.S. and other local issues in the context of the broader Puerto Rican struggle for self-determination.


Book Synopsis Colonial Dilemma by : Edwin Meléndez

Download or read book Colonial Dilemma written by Edwin Meléndez and published by South End Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays exposing and attacking misconceptions and ignorance regarding the role of the U.S. and other local issues in the context of the broader Puerto Rican struggle for self-determination.


Toward People's War for Independence and Socialism in Puerto Rico

Toward People's War for Independence and Socialism in Puerto Rico

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1979

Total Pages: 116

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Toward People's War for Independence and Socialism in Puerto Rico by :

Download or read book Toward People's War for Independence and Socialism in Puerto Rico written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Puerto Rican Independence

Puerto Rican Independence

Author: Lori Larkin

Publisher:

Published: 1972

Total Pages: 52

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Puerto Rican Independence by : Lori Larkin

Download or read book Puerto Rican Independence written by Lori Larkin and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Los Macheteros

Los Macheteros

Author: Ronald Fernandez

Publisher: Prentice Hall

Published: 1987

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Los Macheteros by : Ronald Fernandez

Download or read book Los Macheteros written by Ronald Fernandez and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1987 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: