The Tension Between God as Righteous Judge and as Merciful in Early Judaism

The Tension Between God as Righteous Judge and as Merciful in Early Judaism

Author: Barry D. Smith

Publisher: University Press of America

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 406

ISBN-13: 9780761830887

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In recent years, the scholarly consensus has emerged that early Judaism should no longer be classified as a religion of legalistic works on righteousness, but rather defined primarily by God's covenant with Israel. In this work, it is argued, instead, that there is actually a tension in early Judaism between God as righteous judge and as merciful. As E. Sj berg maintained in his Gott und S nder im pal stinischen Judentum, in the sources used for a reconstruction of early Judaism, there are two mutually exclusive ways in which God is said to relate to human beings. First, God as righteous judge deals with human beings as they deserve. They are assumed to be morally free and responsible, and God judges and recompenses them in history and eschatologically. Not only are the wicked punished for their sins, but the righteous are also rewarded for their obedience. And second, God as merciful does not deal with human beings as they deserve. Rather, he removes the guilt resulting from disobedience to the Law, sometimes on the simple condition of repentance. This means that a person can escape the consequences of disobedience. The understanding of God in the sources vacillates between God as righteous judge and God as merciful, without coming down definitively on one side to the exclusion of the other.


Book Synopsis The Tension Between God as Righteous Judge and as Merciful in Early Judaism by : Barry D. Smith

Download or read book The Tension Between God as Righteous Judge and as Merciful in Early Judaism written by Barry D. Smith and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 2005 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the scholarly consensus has emerged that early Judaism should no longer be classified as a religion of legalistic works on righteousness, but rather defined primarily by God's covenant with Israel. In this work, it is argued, instead, that there is actually a tension in early Judaism between God as righteous judge and as merciful. As E. Sj berg maintained in his Gott und S nder im pal stinischen Judentum, in the sources used for a reconstruction of early Judaism, there are two mutually exclusive ways in which God is said to relate to human beings. First, God as righteous judge deals with human beings as they deserve. They are assumed to be morally free and responsible, and God judges and recompenses them in history and eschatologically. Not only are the wicked punished for their sins, but the righteous are also rewarded for their obedience. And second, God as merciful does not deal with human beings as they deserve. Rather, he removes the guilt resulting from disobedience to the Law, sometimes on the simple condition of repentance. This means that a person can escape the consequences of disobedience. The understanding of God in the sources vacillates between God as righteous judge and God as merciful, without coming down definitively on one side to the exclusion of the other.

The Concept of God in James – Importance and Implications

The Concept of God in James – Importance and Implications

Author: Jojan Jose

Publisher: Notion Press

Published: 2017-07-03

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 1947349503

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This book is an explanation of the author’s investigation into James’ concept of God, using the historical-critical approach as a hermeneutical tool to find out how it was important to different realms of the early Messianic community and its significance to Christians today. The Epistle of James faced lot of struggles to be included in the New Testament. For various reasons, the book was not considered for early canonization. The main reason was the view that there were less theological aspects in the content of the book. Martin Luther described this book as “an epistle of straw.” Respectively, scholars like Martin Debelius, J. H. Ropes, E. J. Goodspeed and A. M. Hunter also underscore the nature of its relatively limited theology by highlighting other aspects of the Epistle of James. Therefore, this book attempts to investigate James’ theological concepts by looking into his use of the concept of God in the socio-political, religious and economic settings of the people in the text.


Book Synopsis The Concept of God in James – Importance and Implications by : Jojan Jose

Download or read book The Concept of God in James – Importance and Implications written by Jojan Jose and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2017-07-03 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an explanation of the author’s investigation into James’ concept of God, using the historical-critical approach as a hermeneutical tool to find out how it was important to different realms of the early Messianic community and its significance to Christians today. The Epistle of James faced lot of struggles to be included in the New Testament. For various reasons, the book was not considered for early canonization. The main reason was the view that there were less theological aspects in the content of the book. Martin Luther described this book as “an epistle of straw.” Respectively, scholars like Martin Debelius, J. H. Ropes, E. J. Goodspeed and A. M. Hunter also underscore the nature of its relatively limited theology by highlighting other aspects of the Epistle of James. Therefore, this book attempts to investigate James’ theological concepts by looking into his use of the concept of God in the socio-political, religious and economic settings of the people in the text.

Judgment & Justification in Early Judaism and the Apostle Paul

Judgment & Justification in Early Judaism and the Apostle Paul

Author: Chris VanLandingham

Publisher:

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 408

ISBN-13:

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Is salvation a gift of God's grace or something God's followers must earn by good works? How do we reconcile the two emphases that salvation is a bestowal of God's mercy and that the final judgment will involve an assessment of the way people have lived during their time on earth? In Paul and Palestinian Judaism (1977), E.P. Sanders defined the terms and laid the groundwork for this crucial debate. Sanders's "New Perspective" sought to resolve the tension between grace and good deeds by arguing that for the Jews of Paul's day as well as for Paul himself, entrance into God's saving covenant was a gift of God's grace, while remaining in the covenant required good works done in obedience to God. Sanders's most vigorous opponents have disputed the works side of his formulation, taking issue with his contention that obedience is required to retain right standing in God's covenant. In Judgment and Justification, Chris VanLandingham challenges the grace side of the Sanders thesis, arguing that Paul's teaching on salvation, following the prevailing Jewish thinking of his time, establishes good works as the criterion for salvation at the final judgment. In making his case, VanLandingham does a text-by-text survey of early Jewish literature, interacting with a wide range of biblical scholars who deal with the themes of salvation and literature and judgment found in these texts and in the Pauline writings. VanLandingham wraps up this survey with a challenging reassessment of Paul's teaching in the light of the Jewish thinking of his time.


Book Synopsis Judgment & Justification in Early Judaism and the Apostle Paul by : Chris VanLandingham

Download or read book Judgment & Justification in Early Judaism and the Apostle Paul written by Chris VanLandingham and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is salvation a gift of God's grace or something God's followers must earn by good works? How do we reconcile the two emphases that salvation is a bestowal of God's mercy and that the final judgment will involve an assessment of the way people have lived during their time on earth? In Paul and Palestinian Judaism (1977), E.P. Sanders defined the terms and laid the groundwork for this crucial debate. Sanders's "New Perspective" sought to resolve the tension between grace and good deeds by arguing that for the Jews of Paul's day as well as for Paul himself, entrance into God's saving covenant was a gift of God's grace, while remaining in the covenant required good works done in obedience to God. Sanders's most vigorous opponents have disputed the works side of his formulation, taking issue with his contention that obedience is required to retain right standing in God's covenant. In Judgment and Justification, Chris VanLandingham challenges the grace side of the Sanders thesis, arguing that Paul's teaching on salvation, following the prevailing Jewish thinking of his time, establishes good works as the criterion for salvation at the final judgment. In making his case, VanLandingham does a text-by-text survey of early Jewish literature, interacting with a wide range of biblical scholars who deal with the themes of salvation and literature and judgment found in these texts and in the Pauline writings. VanLandingham wraps up this survey with a challenging reassessment of Paul's teaching in the light of the Jewish thinking of his time.

God Will Judge Each One According to Works

God Will Judge Each One According to Works

Author: Kyoung-Shik Kim

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13: 3110247763

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This monograph provides a fresh perspective on judgment according to works by challenging both the majority scholarly view and the new perspective advocated by E. P. Sanders, James D. G. Dunn and N. T. Wright. Employing intertextuality and early Jewish mediation of scripture, this study examines the idea of judgment according to works with reference to Psalm 62:13 in early Jewish literature and the New Testament. The originality of this study is to highlight the significance of Psalm 62:13 in the context of judgment according to works and to argue that the texts dealing with judgment according to works in the New Testament are to be understood as interpretations of Psalm 62:13 and its broad context.


Book Synopsis God Will Judge Each One According to Works by : Kyoung-Shik Kim

Download or read book God Will Judge Each One According to Works written by Kyoung-Shik Kim and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides a fresh perspective on judgment according to works by challenging both the majority scholarly view and the new perspective advocated by E. P. Sanders, James D. G. Dunn and N. T. Wright. Employing intertextuality and early Jewish mediation of scripture, this study examines the idea of judgment according to works with reference to Psalm 62:13 in early Jewish literature and the New Testament. The originality of this study is to highlight the significance of Psalm 62:13 in the context of judgment according to works and to argue that the texts dealing with judgment according to works in the New Testament are to be understood as interpretations of Psalm 62:13 and its broad context.

Mercy

Mercy

Author: Hans Schaeffer

Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster

Published: 2018-04

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13: 3643909438

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Mercy is an important concept in the Christian moral tradition. It is one of the most prominent divine attributes, and is embodied in Jesus Christ. This volume investigates the concept of mercy from a Protestant point of view with respect to its consequences for an increasingly non-Christian society. Starting from its biblical origins, a group of international authors explicates the intrinsically messianic logic of divine mercy for its potential in current theological ethics, practical ecclesiology, systematic and public theology.


Book Synopsis Mercy by : Hans Schaeffer

Download or read book Mercy written by Hans Schaeffer and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2018-04 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercy is an important concept in the Christian moral tradition. It is one of the most prominent divine attributes, and is embodied in Jesus Christ. This volume investigates the concept of mercy from a Protestant point of view with respect to its consequences for an increasingly non-Christian society. Starting from its biblical origins, a group of international authors explicates the intrinsically messianic logic of divine mercy for its potential in current theological ethics, practical ecclesiology, systematic and public theology.

Paul and the Gift

Paul and the Gift

Author: John M. G. Barclay

Publisher: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing

Published: 2017-09-11

Total Pages: 672

ISBN-13: 0802875327

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John Barclay explores Pauline theology anew from the perspective of grace. Arguing that Paul's theology of grace is best approached in light of ancient notions of "gift," Barclay describes Paul's relationship to Judaism in a fresh way. Barclay focuses on divine gift-giving, which for Paul, he says, is focused and fulfilled in the gift of Christ. He both offers a new appraisal of Paul's theology of the Christ-event as gift as it comes to expression in Galatians and Romans and presents a nuanced and detailed consideration of the history of reception of Paul, including Augustine, Luther, Calvin, and Barth.


Book Synopsis Paul and the Gift by : John M. G. Barclay

Download or read book Paul and the Gift written by John M. G. Barclay and published by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Barclay explores Pauline theology anew from the perspective of grace. Arguing that Paul's theology of grace is best approached in light of ancient notions of "gift," Barclay describes Paul's relationship to Judaism in a fresh way. Barclay focuses on divine gift-giving, which for Paul, he says, is focused and fulfilled in the gift of Christ. He both offers a new appraisal of Paul's theology of the Christ-event as gift as it comes to expression in Galatians and Romans and presents a nuanced and detailed consideration of the history of reception of Paul, including Augustine, Luther, Calvin, and Barth.

The Apostle Paul

The Apostle Paul

Author: Porter

Publisher: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 487

ISBN-13: 0802841147

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"There are many introductions to the life, thought, and letters of Paul the apostle. Some concentrate upon his life, while others focus upon his thought, and still others on his letters. A few of them, like this book, try to integrate all three of them -- including on occasion material from the book of Acts -- into a useful portrait of the man and what he said and thought as revealed through his letters." - from preface.


Book Synopsis The Apostle Paul by : Porter

Download or read book The Apostle Paul written by Porter and published by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. This book was released on 2016 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There are many introductions to the life, thought, and letters of Paul the apostle. Some concentrate upon his life, while others focus upon his thought, and still others on his letters. A few of them, like this book, try to integrate all three of them -- including on occasion material from the book of Acts -- into a useful portrait of the man and what he said and thought as revealed through his letters." - from preface.

Sinners and Sinfulness in Luke

Sinners and Sinfulness in Luke

Author: Slawomir Szkredka

Publisher: Mohr Siebeck

Published: 2017-05-05

Total Pages: 212

ISBN-13: 9783161550577

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Old Testament Pseudepigrapha and Dead Sea Scrolls -- Philo, Josephus, and Classical Greek Sources -- Index of Modern Authors


Book Synopsis Sinners and Sinfulness in Luke by : Slawomir Szkredka

Download or read book Sinners and Sinfulness in Luke written by Slawomir Szkredka and published by Mohr Siebeck. This book was released on 2017-05-05 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Old Testament Pseudepigrapha and Dead Sea Scrolls -- Philo, Josephus, and Classical Greek Sources -- Index of Modern Authors

The Spirit Is Moving: New Pathways in Pneumatology

The Spirit Is Moving: New Pathways in Pneumatology

Author:

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2019-02-26

Total Pages: 428

ISBN-13: 9004391746

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How does the Spirit of God relate to the Bible, to the Christ, to the human person, to the church and to the world? This volume probes these questions in light of the recent worldwide revival of pneumatological reflection and debate.


Book Synopsis The Spirit Is Moving: New Pathways in Pneumatology by :

Download or read book The Spirit Is Moving: New Pathways in Pneumatology written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-02-26 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does the Spirit of God relate to the Bible, to the Christ, to the human person, to the church and to the world? This volume probes these questions in light of the recent worldwide revival of pneumatological reflection and debate.

Judgment According to Works in Romans

Judgment According to Works in Romans

Author: Kevin W. McFadden

Publisher: Fortress Press

Published: 2013-10-01

Total Pages: 214

ISBN-13: 145146567X

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Kevin W. McFadden shows that Paul wrote the letter to remind Roman Christians of his gospel because of his vocation as apostle to the Gentiles. The letter simultaneously demonstrates the guilt of the world and calls Paul's audience to live out the implications of the gospel. The theme of judgment thus appears in two distinct ways. Paul opposes justification by works of law, but simultaneously affirms––as did most of the early Christian movement, McFadden argues––a final judgment according to works. These are not contradictory observations but belong together in a cohesive understanding of Paul's theology and of his purpose in the letter.


Book Synopsis Judgment According to Works in Romans by : Kevin W. McFadden

Download or read book Judgment According to Works in Romans written by Kevin W. McFadden and published by Fortress Press. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kevin W. McFadden shows that Paul wrote the letter to remind Roman Christians of his gospel because of his vocation as apostle to the Gentiles. The letter simultaneously demonstrates the guilt of the world and calls Paul's audience to live out the implications of the gospel. The theme of judgment thus appears in two distinct ways. Paul opposes justification by works of law, but simultaneously affirms––as did most of the early Christian movement, McFadden argues––a final judgment according to works. These are not contradictory observations but belong together in a cohesive understanding of Paul's theology and of his purpose in the letter.