The Terrestrialization Process

The Terrestrialization Process

Author: Marco Vecoli

Publisher: Geological Society of London

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 198

ISBN-13: 9781862393097

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The invasion of the land by plants (terrestrialization) was one of the most significant evolutionary events in the history of life on Earth, and correlates in time with periods of major palaeoenvironmental perturbations. The development of a vegetation cover on the previously barren land surfaces impacted on the global biogeochemical cycles and the geological processes of erosion and sediment transport. The terrestrialization of plants preceded the rise of major new groups of animals, such as insects and tetrapods, the latter numbering some 24 000 living species, including ourselves. Early land-plant evolution also correlates with the most spectacular decline of atmospheric CO2 concentration of Phanerozoic times and with the onset of a protracted period of glacial conditions on Earth. This book includes a selection of papers covering different aspects of the terrestrialization, from palaeobotany to vertebrate palaeontology and geochemistry, promoting a multidisciplinary approach to the understanding of the co-evolution of life and its environments during Early to Mid-Palaeozoic times.


Book Synopsis The Terrestrialization Process by : Marco Vecoli

Download or read book The Terrestrialization Process written by Marco Vecoli and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2010 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The invasion of the land by plants (terrestrialization) was one of the most significant evolutionary events in the history of life on Earth, and correlates in time with periods of major palaeoenvironmental perturbations. The development of a vegetation cover on the previously barren land surfaces impacted on the global biogeochemical cycles and the geological processes of erosion and sediment transport. The terrestrialization of plants preceded the rise of major new groups of animals, such as insects and tetrapods, the latter numbering some 24 000 living species, including ourselves. Early land-plant evolution also correlates with the most spectacular decline of atmospheric CO2 concentration of Phanerozoic times and with the onset of a protracted period of glacial conditions on Earth. This book includes a selection of papers covering different aspects of the terrestrialization, from palaeobotany to vertebrate palaeontology and geochemistry, promoting a multidisciplinary approach to the understanding of the co-evolution of life and its environments during Early to Mid-Palaeozoic times.

Ongoing Research in Jawed Fish Immunity: Structural and Functional Studies at the Protein and Cellular Levels

Ongoing Research in Jawed Fish Immunity: Structural and Functional Studies at the Protein and Cellular Levels

Author: Monica Imarai

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2020-06-04

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 288963731X

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Knowledge of jawed fish immune systems obtained in the last 15 years has been mostly obtained through the sequencing of genomes of different fish species and from the use of high-throughput techniques such as transcriptomic analysis and RNA sequencing, which has allowed characterization of immune gene responses at the transcriptomic level. Although these have been important tools for exploring the complexities of the immune responses of fish species, the next generation of knowledge requires the use of new tools and methods capable of unveiling the diversity of immune cells and molecules in jawed fish, the network of interactions and responses, and the mechanisms leading to immune protection against pathogens. For more than 10 years, many laboratories have been engaged in developing antibodies against key molecules of jawed fish immune systems in several different species because the lack of sequence conservation of most immune genes makes it impossible to use the large panel of antibodies against mammalian molecules for recognition of fish molecules. The numerous genes encoding cytokines and receptors have now been used to make recombinant proteins available, allowing studies of the complex network of cytokine and receptor functions central to fish immune responses. From many laboratories, new and interesting knowledge about immune cells, their functions and interactions can be studied with the availability of new tools and methods have begun to provide a clear understanding fish immunity at the protein and cellular levels. This Research Topic gives a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of jawed fish immune responses with a particular emphasis on structural and functional studies at the protein and cellular levels.


Book Synopsis Ongoing Research in Jawed Fish Immunity: Structural and Functional Studies at the Protein and Cellular Levels by : Monica Imarai

Download or read book Ongoing Research in Jawed Fish Immunity: Structural and Functional Studies at the Protein and Cellular Levels written by Monica Imarai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of jawed fish immune systems obtained in the last 15 years has been mostly obtained through the sequencing of genomes of different fish species and from the use of high-throughput techniques such as transcriptomic analysis and RNA sequencing, which has allowed characterization of immune gene responses at the transcriptomic level. Although these have been important tools for exploring the complexities of the immune responses of fish species, the next generation of knowledge requires the use of new tools and methods capable of unveiling the diversity of immune cells and molecules in jawed fish, the network of interactions and responses, and the mechanisms leading to immune protection against pathogens. For more than 10 years, many laboratories have been engaged in developing antibodies against key molecules of jawed fish immune systems in several different species because the lack of sequence conservation of most immune genes makes it impossible to use the large panel of antibodies against mammalian molecules for recognition of fish molecules. The numerous genes encoding cytokines and receptors have now been used to make recombinant proteins available, allowing studies of the complex network of cytokine and receptor functions central to fish immune responses. From many laboratories, new and interesting knowledge about immune cells, their functions and interactions can be studied with the availability of new tools and methods have begun to provide a clear understanding fish immunity at the protein and cellular levels. This Research Topic gives a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of jawed fish immune responses with a particular emphasis on structural and functional studies at the protein and cellular levels.

Photosynthesis in Bryophytes and Early Land Plants

Photosynthesis in Bryophytes and Early Land Plants

Author: David T. Hanson

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-10-21

Total Pages: 361

ISBN-13: 9400769881

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Bryophytes, which are important constituents of ecosystems globally and often dominate carbon and water dynamics at high latitudes and elevations, were also among the pioneers of terrestrial photosynthesis. Consequently, in addition to their present day ecological value, modern representatives of these groups contain the legacy of adaptations that led to the greening of Earth. This volume brings together experts on bryophyte photosynthesis whose research spans the genome and cell through whole plant and ecosystem function and combines that with historical perspectives on the role of algal, bryophyte and vascular plant ancestors on terrestrialization of the Earth. The eighteen well-illustrated chapters reveal unique physiological approaches to achieving carbon balance and dealing with environmental limitations and stresses that present an alternative, yet successful strategy for land plants.


Book Synopsis Photosynthesis in Bryophytes and Early Land Plants by : David T. Hanson

Download or read book Photosynthesis in Bryophytes and Early Land Plants written by David T. Hanson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-21 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bryophytes, which are important constituents of ecosystems globally and often dominate carbon and water dynamics at high latitudes and elevations, were also among the pioneers of terrestrial photosynthesis. Consequently, in addition to their present day ecological value, modern representatives of these groups contain the legacy of adaptations that led to the greening of Earth. This volume brings together experts on bryophyte photosynthesis whose research spans the genome and cell through whole plant and ecosystem function and combines that with historical perspectives on the role of algal, bryophyte and vascular plant ancestors on terrestrialization of the Earth. The eighteen well-illustrated chapters reveal unique physiological approaches to achieving carbon balance and dealing with environmental limitations and stresses that present an alternative, yet successful strategy for land plants.

Microbial Systems as Paradigms Of Successful and Sustainable Interactions

Microbial Systems as Paradigms Of Successful and Sustainable Interactions

Author: Enrica Pessione

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2022-01-17

Total Pages: 174

ISBN-13: 2889740544

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Book Synopsis Microbial Systems as Paradigms Of Successful and Sustainable Interactions by : Enrica Pessione

Download or read book Microbial Systems as Paradigms Of Successful and Sustainable Interactions written by Enrica Pessione and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-17 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Palaeolimnological Proxies as Tools of Environmental Reconstruction in Fresh Water

Palaeolimnological Proxies as Tools of Environmental Reconstruction in Fresh Water

Author: Krisztina Buczkó

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-05-30

Total Pages: 325

ISBN-13: 9048133874

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Palaeolimnology is one of the most rapidly developing fields of limnology. The primary objective of this volume is to present new palaeolimnological findings from eastern and central Europe. Although this area has sometimes received less attention than other areas of Europe, the lakes and mires, coupled with the variability in landscape and the local differences in climate, provide unique opportunity for studying palaeolimnology. The volume starts with a review on late Quaternary records form the Carpathian region, followed by new results on the history of a crater lake, Lake Saint Ana, glacial lakes in the Tatra Mountains and Lake Bled in Slovenia. In addition, the various papers provide new insights on the development of lakes and bogs during the late glacial and Holocene, using a wide range of palaeolimnological proxies, including diatoms, pollen, macrofossils, pigments, cladoceran remains, chironomids, chaoborids, stable isotopes and geochemistry. The motivation for collecting recent knowledge derives from the recognition of the importance, and applicability of palaeolimnological tools to help in defining "reference conditions" as designated within the Water Framework Directives and estimating influence of global climate change on surface waters.


Book Synopsis Palaeolimnological Proxies as Tools of Environmental Reconstruction in Fresh Water by : Krisztina Buczkó

Download or read book Palaeolimnological Proxies as Tools of Environmental Reconstruction in Fresh Water written by Krisztina Buczkó and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-30 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palaeolimnology is one of the most rapidly developing fields of limnology. The primary objective of this volume is to present new palaeolimnological findings from eastern and central Europe. Although this area has sometimes received less attention than other areas of Europe, the lakes and mires, coupled with the variability in landscape and the local differences in climate, provide unique opportunity for studying palaeolimnology. The volume starts with a review on late Quaternary records form the Carpathian region, followed by new results on the history of a crater lake, Lake Saint Ana, glacial lakes in the Tatra Mountains and Lake Bled in Slovenia. In addition, the various papers provide new insights on the development of lakes and bogs during the late glacial and Holocene, using a wide range of palaeolimnological proxies, including diatoms, pollen, macrofossils, pigments, cladoceran remains, chironomids, chaoborids, stable isotopes and geochemistry. The motivation for collecting recent knowledge derives from the recognition of the importance, and applicability of palaeolimnological tools to help in defining "reference conditions" as designated within the Water Framework Directives and estimating influence of global climate change on surface waters.

The Middle Paraná River

The Middle Paraná River

Author: Martin H. Iriondo

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-06-03

Total Pages: 382

ISBN-13: 3540706240

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The Middle Paraná river is one of the largest in the world. Exceptionally rich in fauna and flora, it provides researchers with a glimpse into an ecosystem yet undisturbed by human civilization. This fascinating book covers all the key aspects of the Paraná’s fluvial limnology and ecology, arranged in discrete and easily navigable sections. First, the physical and chemical environment is explained, then the river’s plant life, followed by its invertebrate life, and finally the vertebrates that inhabit the river.


Book Synopsis The Middle Paraná River by : Martin H. Iriondo

Download or read book The Middle Paraná River written by Martin H. Iriondo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-03 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle Paraná river is one of the largest in the world. Exceptionally rich in fauna and flora, it provides researchers with a glimpse into an ecosystem yet undisturbed by human civilization. This fascinating book covers all the key aspects of the Paraná’s fluvial limnology and ecology, arranged in discrete and easily navigable sections. First, the physical and chemical environment is explained, then the river’s plant life, followed by its invertebrate life, and finally the vertebrates that inhabit the river.

Encyclopedia of Environmental Change

Encyclopedia of Environmental Change

Author: John A Matthews

Publisher: SAGE

Published: 2013-12-13

Total Pages: 1490

ISBN-13: 1446264882

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Accessibly written by a team of international authors, the Encyclopedia of Environmental Change provides a gateway to the complex facts, concepts, techniques, methodology and philosophy of environmental change. This three-volume set illustrates and examines topics within this dynamic and rapidly changing interdisciplinary field. The encyclopedia includes all of the following aspects of environmental change: Diverse evidence of environmental change, including climate change and changes on land and in the oceans Underlying natural and anthropogenic causes and mechanisms Wide-ranging local, regional and global impacts from the polar regions to the tropics Responses of geo-ecosystems and human-environmental systems in the face of past, present and future environmental change Approaches, methodologies and techniques used for reconstructing, dating, monitoring, modelling, projecting and predicting change Social, economic and political dimensions of environmental issues, environmental conservation and management and environmental policy Over 4,000 entries explore the following key themes and more: Conservation Demographic change Environmental management Environmental policy Environmental security Food security Glaciation Green Revolution Human impact on environment Industrialization Landuse change Military impacts on environment Mining and mining impacts Nuclear energy Pollution Renewable resources Solar energy Sustainability Tourism Trade Water resources Water security Wildlife conservation The comprehensive coverage of terminology includes layers of entries ranging from one-line definitions to short essays, making this an invaluable companion for any student of physical geography, environmental geography or environmental sciences.


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Environmental Change by : John A Matthews

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Environmental Change written by John A Matthews and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2013-12-13 with total page 1490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accessibly written by a team of international authors, the Encyclopedia of Environmental Change provides a gateway to the complex facts, concepts, techniques, methodology and philosophy of environmental change. This three-volume set illustrates and examines topics within this dynamic and rapidly changing interdisciplinary field. The encyclopedia includes all of the following aspects of environmental change: Diverse evidence of environmental change, including climate change and changes on land and in the oceans Underlying natural and anthropogenic causes and mechanisms Wide-ranging local, regional and global impacts from the polar regions to the tropics Responses of geo-ecosystems and human-environmental systems in the face of past, present and future environmental change Approaches, methodologies and techniques used for reconstructing, dating, monitoring, modelling, projecting and predicting change Social, economic and political dimensions of environmental issues, environmental conservation and management and environmental policy Over 4,000 entries explore the following key themes and more: Conservation Demographic change Environmental management Environmental policy Environmental security Food security Glaciation Green Revolution Human impact on environment Industrialization Landuse change Military impacts on environment Mining and mining impacts Nuclear energy Pollution Renewable resources Solar energy Sustainability Tourism Trade Water resources Water security Wildlife conservation The comprehensive coverage of terminology includes layers of entries ranging from one-line definitions to short essays, making this an invaluable companion for any student of physical geography, environmental geography or environmental sciences.

When the Invasion of Land Failed

When the Invasion of Land Failed

Author: George R. McGhee, Jr.

Publisher: Columbia University Press

Published: 2013-11-12

Total Pages: 345

ISBN-13: 0231160569

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The invasion of land by ocean-dwelling plants and animals was one of the most revolutionary events in the evolution of life on Earth, yet the animal invasion almost failed—twice—because of the twin mass extinctions of the Late Devonian Epoch. Some 359 to 375 million years ago, these catastrophic events dealt our ancestors a blow that almost drove them back into the sea. If those extinctions had been just a bit more severe, spiders and insects might have become the ecologically dominant forms of animal life on land. This book examines the profound evolutionary consequences of the Late Devonian extinctions, which shaped the composition of the modern terrestrial ecosystem. Only one group of four-limbed vertebrates now live on Earth while other tetrapod-like fishes are extinct. This gap is why the idea of “fish with feet” seems so peculiar yet these animals were once a vital part of our world.


Book Synopsis When the Invasion of Land Failed by : George R. McGhee, Jr.

Download or read book When the Invasion of Land Failed written by George R. McGhee, Jr. and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The invasion of land by ocean-dwelling plants and animals was one of the most revolutionary events in the evolution of life on Earth, yet the animal invasion almost failed—twice—because of the twin mass extinctions of the Late Devonian Epoch. Some 359 to 375 million years ago, these catastrophic events dealt our ancestors a blow that almost drove them back into the sea. If those extinctions had been just a bit more severe, spiders and insects might have become the ecologically dominant forms of animal life on land. This book examines the profound evolutionary consequences of the Late Devonian extinctions, which shaped the composition of the modern terrestrial ecosystem. Only one group of four-limbed vertebrates now live on Earth while other tetrapod-like fishes are extinct. This gap is why the idea of “fish with feet” seems so peculiar yet these animals were once a vital part of our world.

Restoration Ecology

Restoration Ecology

Author: Jelte van Andel

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2012-05-21

Total Pages: 409

ISBN-13: 1444336363

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Enlarged, enhanced and internationalized edition of the first restoration ecology textbook to be published, with foreword by Dr. Steven Whisnant of Texas A&M University and Chair of the Society of Ecological Restoration. Since 2006, when the first edition of this book appeared, major advances have taken place in restoration science and in the practice of ecological restoration. Both are now accepted as key components of the increasingly urgent search for sustainability at global, national, and community levels – hence the phrase 'New Frontier' in the title. While the first edition focused on ecosystems and landscapes in Europe, this new edition covers biomes and contexts all over the world. Several new chapters deal with broad issues such as biological invasions, climate change, and agricultural land abandonment as they relate to restoration science and ecological restoration. Case studies are included from Australia, North America, and the tropics. This is an accessible textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate level students, and early career scientists. The book also provides a solid scientific background for managers, volunteers, and mid-career professionals involved in the practice of ecological restoration. Review of the first edition: "I suspect that this volume will find its way onto the shelves of many restoration researchers and practitioners and will be used as a key text in graduate courses, where it will help fill a large void. My own copy is already heavily bookmarked, and will be a constant source of research ideas and lecture material." (Environmental Conservation) Companion Website: A companion website with downloadable figures is available at www.wiley.com/go/vanandel/restorationecology


Book Synopsis Restoration Ecology by : Jelte van Andel

Download or read book Restoration Ecology written by Jelte van Andel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-21 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enlarged, enhanced and internationalized edition of the first restoration ecology textbook to be published, with foreword by Dr. Steven Whisnant of Texas A&M University and Chair of the Society of Ecological Restoration. Since 2006, when the first edition of this book appeared, major advances have taken place in restoration science and in the practice of ecological restoration. Both are now accepted as key components of the increasingly urgent search for sustainability at global, national, and community levels – hence the phrase 'New Frontier' in the title. While the first edition focused on ecosystems and landscapes in Europe, this new edition covers biomes and contexts all over the world. Several new chapters deal with broad issues such as biological invasions, climate change, and agricultural land abandonment as they relate to restoration science and ecological restoration. Case studies are included from Australia, North America, and the tropics. This is an accessible textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate level students, and early career scientists. The book also provides a solid scientific background for managers, volunteers, and mid-career professionals involved in the practice of ecological restoration. Review of the first edition: "I suspect that this volume will find its way onto the shelves of many restoration researchers and practitioners and will be used as a key text in graduate courses, where it will help fill a large void. My own copy is already heavily bookmarked, and will be a constant source of research ideas and lecture material." (Environmental Conservation) Companion Website: A companion website with downloadable figures is available at www.wiley.com/go/vanandel/restorationecology

Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology: A Collection of Reviews

Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology: A Collection of Reviews

Author: Saber Saleuddin

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2024-02-13

Total Pages: 473

ISBN-13: 100090010X

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This new 3-volume set provides informative reviews on the physiology of sponges, cnidarians, round and flat worms, annelids, echinoderms, and crustaceans, advancing our knowledge of the physiology of these major invertebrate groups (Phyla). Invertebrates exhibit the largest number of species and occupy virtually every conceivable ecological niche. They are economically important in food chains, they recycle organic waste, and they are crucial pollinators of plants and sources of food. They are also medically relevant as parasites that cause major diseases of both humans and livestock. Chapters on crustacean physiology are grouped in this volume and cover diverse physiological topics ranging from moulting, respiration, water balance, biomineralization, bioreceptors, and temperature regulation to the land adaptation of terrestrial crustaceans. The chapters are comprehensive and add new knowledge to crustacean biology. Volume 1 looks at non-bilaterians (sponges, cnidarians, placozoans) while echinoderms and annelids are covered in Volume 3.


Book Synopsis Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology: A Collection of Reviews by : Saber Saleuddin

Download or read book Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology: A Collection of Reviews written by Saber Saleuddin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-02-13 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new 3-volume set provides informative reviews on the physiology of sponges, cnidarians, round and flat worms, annelids, echinoderms, and crustaceans, advancing our knowledge of the physiology of these major invertebrate groups (Phyla). Invertebrates exhibit the largest number of species and occupy virtually every conceivable ecological niche. They are economically important in food chains, they recycle organic waste, and they are crucial pollinators of plants and sources of food. They are also medically relevant as parasites that cause major diseases of both humans and livestock. Chapters on crustacean physiology are grouped in this volume and cover diverse physiological topics ranging from moulting, respiration, water balance, biomineralization, bioreceptors, and temperature regulation to the land adaptation of terrestrial crustaceans. The chapters are comprehensive and add new knowledge to crustacean biology. Volume 1 looks at non-bilaterians (sponges, cnidarians, placozoans) while echinoderms and annelids are covered in Volume 3.