The Book of Virtues

The Book of Virtues

Author: Prophet Muhammad

Publisher:

Published: 2019-06-23

Total Pages: 230

ISBN-13: 9781075646836

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Prophet Muhammad Hadith - A man was reciting Surat Al-Kahf, and a horse was tied with two ropes beside him. As he was reciting, a cloud overshadowed him, and as it began to come nearer and nearer, the horse began to trample voilently. The man came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) in the morning and mentioned the incident to him. He said, "That was tranquillity which descended as a result of the recitation of the Qur'an."


Book Synopsis The Book of Virtues by : Prophet Muhammad

Download or read book The Book of Virtues written by Prophet Muhammad and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-23 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prophet Muhammad Hadith - A man was reciting Surat Al-Kahf, and a horse was tied with two ropes beside him. As he was reciting, a cloud overshadowed him, and as it began to come nearer and nearer, the horse began to trample voilently. The man came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) in the morning and mentioned the incident to him. He said, "That was tranquillity which descended as a result of the recitation of the Qur'an."


Reflections of Tasawwuf

Reflections of Tasawwuf

Author: Charles Upton

Publisher: Sophia Perennis et Universalis

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13:

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Sufism is the practice of remaining aware of the real presence of God in every circumstance, until Certainty is reached. The dizzying complexity of Sufi metaphysics, the passionate beauty of Sufi poetry, and the profound Sufi science of spiritual psychology, are all based on this. The Sufi Path is the process of spiritual transformation, ultimately resulting (God willing) in self-transcendence, produced by the Certainty of God's presence. In traditional Muslim society, many different moral, intellectual and spiritual functions were performed by those 'estates' responsible for maintaining them. Parents, imams and 'grammar school' teachers transmitted the fundamental ritual and moral principles of Islamic society. The madrasas took care of such traditional sciences as Qur'anic exegesis and the study of prophetic ahadith. The schools of fiqh maintained and applied the shari'ah. The mutakallimiin developed and taught kalam, Islamic 'scholastic theology'. The falasifa or philosophers carried on an intellectual tradition largely inherited from the Greeks. The ishraqiyyun developed a mystical theosophy based on direct spiritual insight. Physicians employed systems of healing derived in part from metaphysics. Poets often transmitted sophisticated spiritual lore; many other traditional craftsmen did the same. The mathematicians, astronomers and other scientists sought to uncover the Signs of God in numbers, in geometrical shapes, and in the heavens. And the alchemists worked on the reconstitution of the original human form (al-fitra) in psycho-physical terms. So when a seeker applied for admittance to a Sufi tariqa, he likely knew his Goal. The lower rungs of the ladder of moral, intellectual and spiritual aspiration were clearly defined and largely taken care of; consequently the aspirant to Sufi initiation could be more certain than he was seeking God Alone. In modern 'semi-Muslim' societies, however, things are not so clear. And as for those Sufi tariqas that have emigrated to the West, and the individuals who seek admittance to them, the situation is even more ambiguous. The traditional supports for a collective worldview that places God first and sees His hand in everything are no longer readily available, and no one whose worldview is basically secular can follow the Sufi path as the great Sufis of the past once did. In the secular West especially, Sufi tariqas lack the exoteric religious culture in relation to which they could be truly esoteric; without the Zahir, one might say, there can be no Batin. Therefore This book is not so much a text on Sufism itself as an attempt - woefully inadequate-to indicate certain elements of the original context that allowed Sufism to be what it is.


Book Synopsis Reflections of Tasawwuf by : Charles Upton

Download or read book Reflections of Tasawwuf written by Charles Upton and published by Sophia Perennis et Universalis. This book was released on 2008 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sufism is the practice of remaining aware of the real presence of God in every circumstance, until Certainty is reached. The dizzying complexity of Sufi metaphysics, the passionate beauty of Sufi poetry, and the profound Sufi science of spiritual psychology, are all based on this. The Sufi Path is the process of spiritual transformation, ultimately resulting (God willing) in self-transcendence, produced by the Certainty of God's presence. In traditional Muslim society, many different moral, intellectual and spiritual functions were performed by those 'estates' responsible for maintaining them. Parents, imams and 'grammar school' teachers transmitted the fundamental ritual and moral principles of Islamic society. The madrasas took care of such traditional sciences as Qur'anic exegesis and the study of prophetic ahadith. The schools of fiqh maintained and applied the shari'ah. The mutakallimiin developed and taught kalam, Islamic 'scholastic theology'. The falasifa or philosophers carried on an intellectual tradition largely inherited from the Greeks. The ishraqiyyun developed a mystical theosophy based on direct spiritual insight. Physicians employed systems of healing derived in part from metaphysics. Poets often transmitted sophisticated spiritual lore; many other traditional craftsmen did the same. The mathematicians, astronomers and other scientists sought to uncover the Signs of God in numbers, in geometrical shapes, and in the heavens. And the alchemists worked on the reconstitution of the original human form (al-fitra) in psycho-physical terms. So when a seeker applied for admittance to a Sufi tariqa, he likely knew his Goal. The lower rungs of the ladder of moral, intellectual and spiritual aspiration were clearly defined and largely taken care of; consequently the aspirant to Sufi initiation could be more certain than he was seeking God Alone. In modern 'semi-Muslim' societies, however, things are not so clear. And as for those Sufi tariqas that have emigrated to the West, and the individuals who seek admittance to them, the situation is even more ambiguous. The traditional supports for a collective worldview that places God first and sees His hand in everything are no longer readily available, and no one whose worldview is basically secular can follow the Sufi path as the great Sufis of the past once did. In the secular West especially, Sufi tariqas lack the exoteric religious culture in relation to which they could be truly esoteric; without the Zahir, one might say, there can be no Batin. Therefore This book is not so much a text on Sufism itself as an attempt - woefully inadequate-to indicate certain elements of the original context that allowed Sufism to be what it is.


Virtues of the Prophet;a Young Muslims Guide to the Greater Jihad, the War Against the Passions

Virtues of the Prophet;a Young Muslims Guide to the Greater Jihad, the War Against the Passions

Author: Charles Upton

Publisher:

Published:

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9781597319898

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Book Synopsis Virtues of the Prophet;a Young Muslims Guide to the Greater Jihad, the War Against the Passions by : Charles Upton

Download or read book Virtues of the Prophet;a Young Muslims Guide to the Greater Jihad, the War Against the Passions written by Charles Upton and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


The Virtues of the Prophet

The Virtues of the Prophet

Author: Charles Upton

Publisher: Sophia Perennis et Universalis

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 135

ISBN-13: 9781597310512

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"A study of the key characteristics and qualities of the Prophet Muhammad, considered by a contemporary Western convert to Islam"--Provided by publisher.


Book Synopsis The Virtues of the Prophet by : Charles Upton

Download or read book The Virtues of the Prophet written by Charles Upton and published by Sophia Perennis et Universalis. This book was released on 2006 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A study of the key characteristics and qualities of the Prophet Muhammad, considered by a contemporary Western convert to Islam"--Provided by publisher.


The Prophetic Jewels of al-Shaykh Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

The Prophetic Jewels of al-Shaykh Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

Author: Al-Shaykh Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

Publisher: Syaafi Publications

Published: 2024-03-16

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13: 981189342X

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This book is a translation of an extract from Jawahir al-Bihar fi Fada'il al-Nabi al-Mukhtar ﷺ by al-Shaykh Yusuf ibn Isma'il al-Nabhani who had compiled in it the Quranic exegesis of 16 sets of Quranic verses on the virtues of the Chosen Prophet ﷺ cited from al-Tafsir al-Kabir by al-Shaykh Fakhr al-Din al-Razi – with foreword by Dr. Iskandar Abdullah, Director of Arabic Language & Cultural Consultancy Service LLP. Al-Tafsir al-Kabir is an extensive 32-volume book of Quranic exegesis. Being both a philosopher and a theologian, much of al-Fakhr al-Razi’s perspectives with regard to the virtues of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ revolve around his Prophethood, including the evidences of his Prophethood, his noble characteristics as a Messenger, the benefits of sending him to mankind as a Messenger, the superiority and eminence of his religion, and the obligation to have faith in him, glorify him, support him and follow him ﷺ. On top of that, this book highlights the evidences that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is better than all the other Prophets, his great moral characters of gentleness, compassion and mercy, and the abundant gifts and abundant goodness granted by Allah ﷻ to him ﷺ. The ease of access to information in this digital age has helped ordinary Muslims be motivated to read translations of the Quran since the glorious Quran is the most primary source of Islamic knowledge alongside the Prophetic Hadiths. Nevertheless, one of the best ways for a Muslim to understand the Quran is in fact by studying the books of Quranic exegesis by the great scholars of the Muslim Ummah. Therefore, this book serves to aid readers in understanding the Quran with regard to the virtues of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ by studying the exegesis of just some of its noble verses through the lens of al-Shaykh Fakhr al-Din al-Razi.


Book Synopsis The Prophetic Jewels of al-Shaykh Fakhr al-Din al-Razi by : Al-Shaykh Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

Download or read book The Prophetic Jewels of al-Shaykh Fakhr al-Din al-Razi written by Al-Shaykh Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and published by Syaafi Publications. This book was released on 2024-03-16 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a translation of an extract from Jawahir al-Bihar fi Fada'il al-Nabi al-Mukhtar ﷺ by al-Shaykh Yusuf ibn Isma'il al-Nabhani who had compiled in it the Quranic exegesis of 16 sets of Quranic verses on the virtues of the Chosen Prophet ﷺ cited from al-Tafsir al-Kabir by al-Shaykh Fakhr al-Din al-Razi – with foreword by Dr. Iskandar Abdullah, Director of Arabic Language & Cultural Consultancy Service LLP. Al-Tafsir al-Kabir is an extensive 32-volume book of Quranic exegesis. Being both a philosopher and a theologian, much of al-Fakhr al-Razi’s perspectives with regard to the virtues of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ revolve around his Prophethood, including the evidences of his Prophethood, his noble characteristics as a Messenger, the benefits of sending him to mankind as a Messenger, the superiority and eminence of his religion, and the obligation to have faith in him, glorify him, support him and follow him ﷺ. On top of that, this book highlights the evidences that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is better than all the other Prophets, his great moral characters of gentleness, compassion and mercy, and the abundant gifts and abundant goodness granted by Allah ﷻ to him ﷺ. The ease of access to information in this digital age has helped ordinary Muslims be motivated to read translations of the Quran since the glorious Quran is the most primary source of Islamic knowledge alongside the Prophetic Hadiths. Nevertheless, one of the best ways for a Muslim to understand the Quran is in fact by studying the books of Quranic exegesis by the great scholars of the Muslim Ummah. Therefore, this book serves to aid readers in understanding the Quran with regard to the virtues of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ by studying the exegesis of just some of its noble verses through the lens of al-Shaykh Fakhr al-Din al-Razi.


The Covenants of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christians of the World

The Covenants of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christians of the World

Author: John Andrew Morrow

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 466

ISBN-13: 9781597314657

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The Prophet Muhammad s treaties with the Christians of his time, which John Andrew Morrow has rediscovered in obscure collections and often newly translated, uniformly state that Muslims are not to attack peaceful Christian communities, but defend them until the End of the World. Authored by the Prophet himself, they represent a third foundational pillar for Islam outside of Qur an and hadith. The Covenants Initiative within the book represents a movement by Muslims, both prominent and unknown, in support of Christians under attack. These treaties desperately need to be better known among Christians, Muslims, and the general public. For scholars, this book provides much difficult-to-obtain material: facsimiles of primary sources in Arabic and Persian; corrected versions in modern Arabic typescript; and alternate translations. They now have all they need to study the covenants in depth. "This narrative has the power to unite Muslim and Christian communities. A work of scholarship, its release is timely, and its content critical in fostering mutual respect and religious freedom."--IMAM FEISAL ABDUL RAUF, Chairman, Cordoba Initiative "In his indispensable contribution to the study of the Abrahamic faiths, John Andrew Morrow tells the story of how the Prophet Muhammad used his desert experiences of hospitality and protection to bring Muslims and Christians together."--JOSEPH HOBBS, University of Missouri "These letters from the Prophet Muhammad to Christian communities can serve to inspire both Muslims and Christians about our ability to live together as God's people, as friends, as neighbors, and as custodians of the same small planet."--OMID SAFI, University of North Carolina "With painstaking effort and much dedication invested in this groundbreaking work, Professor Morrow will surely manage to attract the attention of Islamic studies students and specialists."--AMAR SELLAM, Mohamed I University "This book documents what is possibly the third foundational source of Islam: the Prophet's treaties and covenants among people of the Abrahamic faiths. Dr. Morrow brings forth exceptionally important findings that dictate peaceful coexistence among Jews, Christians, and Muslims."--BRIDGET BLOMFIELD, University of Nebraska


Book Synopsis The Covenants of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christians of the World by : John Andrew Morrow

Download or read book The Covenants of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christians of the World written by John Andrew Morrow and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Prophet Muhammad s treaties with the Christians of his time, which John Andrew Morrow has rediscovered in obscure collections and often newly translated, uniformly state that Muslims are not to attack peaceful Christian communities, but defend them until the End of the World. Authored by the Prophet himself, they represent a third foundational pillar for Islam outside of Qur an and hadith. The Covenants Initiative within the book represents a movement by Muslims, both prominent and unknown, in support of Christians under attack. These treaties desperately need to be better known among Christians, Muslims, and the general public. For scholars, this book provides much difficult-to-obtain material: facsimiles of primary sources in Arabic and Persian; corrected versions in modern Arabic typescript; and alternate translations. They now have all they need to study the covenants in depth. "This narrative has the power to unite Muslim and Christian communities. A work of scholarship, its release is timely, and its content critical in fostering mutual respect and religious freedom."--IMAM FEISAL ABDUL RAUF, Chairman, Cordoba Initiative "In his indispensable contribution to the study of the Abrahamic faiths, John Andrew Morrow tells the story of how the Prophet Muhammad used his desert experiences of hospitality and protection to bring Muslims and Christians together."--JOSEPH HOBBS, University of Missouri "These letters from the Prophet Muhammad to Christian communities can serve to inspire both Muslims and Christians about our ability to live together as God's people, as friends, as neighbors, and as custodians of the same small planet."--OMID SAFI, University of North Carolina "With painstaking effort and much dedication invested in this groundbreaking work, Professor Morrow will surely manage to attract the attention of Islamic studies students and specialists."--AMAR SELLAM, Mohamed I University "This book documents what is possibly the third foundational source of Islam: the Prophet's treaties and covenants among people of the Abrahamic faiths. Dr. Morrow brings forth exceptionally important findings that dictate peaceful coexistence among Jews, Christians, and Muslims."--BRIDGET BLOMFIELD, University of Nebraska


The Spiritual Teachings of the Prophet

The Spiritual Teachings of the Prophet

Author: Tayeb Chouiref

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781891785856

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The traditions of the Prophet of Islam are, after the Qu'ran, the most important source for every aspect of Islamic life and thought. Ranging in topic from prayer to economic activity, this work is a collection of more than 200 of the purely spiritual traditions drawn from canonical collections of the Hadith.


Book Synopsis The Spiritual Teachings of the Prophet by : Tayeb Chouiref

Download or read book The Spiritual Teachings of the Prophet written by Tayeb Chouiref and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The traditions of the Prophet of Islam are, after the Qu'ran, the most important source for every aspect of Islamic life and thought. Ranging in topic from prayer to economic activity, this work is a collection of more than 200 of the purely spiritual traditions drawn from canonical collections of the Hadith.


The System of Antichrist

The System of Antichrist

Author: Charles Upton

Publisher: Sophia Perennis

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 586

ISBN-13: 9780900588389

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The System of Antichrist examines the present religious and cultural scene from the standpoint of traditional metaphysics and critiques the New Age spiritualities within their postmodern context. Its many references to Rene Guenon and Frithjof Schuon also help introduce these important but little-known 'traditionalist' thinkers. The book presents lore relating to the 'latter days' of the present cycle from the vantage point of comparative religion, drawing upon relevant doctrines from Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism, and the Native American traditions. It also speculates upon the social, psychic, and spiritual nature of that being known to Christianity, Judaism, and Islam as the Antichrist, presenting him as both an individual and a system and warning those willing to be warned against the spiritual seduction and terror he represents, and against the regime which will be-and is-the social expression of that seduction and that terror. Finally, in tracing the roots of Antichrist in the fallen nature of man, the author sketches the particular quality of spirituality proper to apocalyptic times, the dangers it faces, the unique opportunities open to it. And along the way he describes his own course from the 'spiritual revolution' of the 1960s, through the world of New Age spiritualities, to the threshold of traditional esoterism and metaphysics. As he says, speaking of the angst that characterizes the modern world: 'The specific medicine for the shock of despair is the deeper shock of meaning. Nothing but the weight of eternity, breaking through the thin, brittle shell of the postmodern sky, can set us on our feet.'"


Book Synopsis The System of Antichrist by : Charles Upton

Download or read book The System of Antichrist written by Charles Upton and published by Sophia Perennis. This book was released on 2005 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The System of Antichrist examines the present religious and cultural scene from the standpoint of traditional metaphysics and critiques the New Age spiritualities within their postmodern context. Its many references to Rene Guenon and Frithjof Schuon also help introduce these important but little-known 'traditionalist' thinkers. The book presents lore relating to the 'latter days' of the present cycle from the vantage point of comparative religion, drawing upon relevant doctrines from Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism, and the Native American traditions. It also speculates upon the social, psychic, and spiritual nature of that being known to Christianity, Judaism, and Islam as the Antichrist, presenting him as both an individual and a system and warning those willing to be warned against the spiritual seduction and terror he represents, and against the regime which will be-and is-the social expression of that seduction and that terror. Finally, in tracing the roots of Antichrist in the fallen nature of man, the author sketches the particular quality of spirituality proper to apocalyptic times, the dangers it faces, the unique opportunities open to it. And along the way he describes his own course from the 'spiritual revolution' of the 1960s, through the world of New Age spiritualities, to the threshold of traditional esoterism and metaphysics. As he says, speaking of the angst that characterizes the modern world: 'The specific medicine for the shock of despair is the deeper shock of meaning. Nothing but the weight of eternity, breaking through the thin, brittle shell of the postmodern sky, can set us on our feet.'"


مناقب ابي عبد الله احمد بن محمد بن حنبل

مناقب ابي عبد الله احمد بن محمد بن حنبل

Author: Michael Cooperson

Publisher: NYU Press

Published: 2013-08-23

Total Pages: 588

ISBN-13: 0814771661

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Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 241 H/855 AD), renowned for his profound knowledge of hadith--the reports of the Prophet's sayings and deeds--is a major figure in the history of Islam. Ibn Hanbal was famous for living according to his own strict interpretation of the Prophetic model and for denying himself even the most basic comforts in a city then one of the wealthiest in the word, and despite belonging to a prominent family. His piety and austerity made him a folk hero, especially after his principled resistance to the attempts of two Abbasid caliphs to force him to accept rationalist doctrine. His subsequent imprisonment and flogging became one of the most dramatic episodes of medieval Islamic history. Ibn Hanbal's resistance influenced the course of Islamic law, the rise of Sunnism, and the legislative authority of the caliphate. tells the formidable life tale of one of the most influential Muslims in history. Virtues of the Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal is a translation of the biography of Ibn Hanbal penned by the Baghdad preacher, scholar, and storyteller Ibn al-Jawzi (d. 597 H/1201 AD). Volume One presents the first half of the text, offering insights into Ibn Hanbal's childhood, education, and adult life, including his religious doctrines, his dealings with other scholars, and his personal habits. Set against the background of fierce debates over the role of reason and the basis of legitimate government, Virtues of the Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal tells the formidable life tale of one of the most influential Muslims in history.


Book Synopsis مناقب ابي عبد الله احمد بن محمد بن حنبل by : Michael Cooperson

Download or read book مناقب ابي عبد الله احمد بن محمد بن حنبل written by Michael Cooperson and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2013-08-23 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 241 H/855 AD), renowned for his profound knowledge of hadith--the reports of the Prophet's sayings and deeds--is a major figure in the history of Islam. Ibn Hanbal was famous for living according to his own strict interpretation of the Prophetic model and for denying himself even the most basic comforts in a city then one of the wealthiest in the word, and despite belonging to a prominent family. His piety and austerity made him a folk hero, especially after his principled resistance to the attempts of two Abbasid caliphs to force him to accept rationalist doctrine. His subsequent imprisonment and flogging became one of the most dramatic episodes of medieval Islamic history. Ibn Hanbal's resistance influenced the course of Islamic law, the rise of Sunnism, and the legislative authority of the caliphate. tells the formidable life tale of one of the most influential Muslims in history. Virtues of the Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal is a translation of the biography of Ibn Hanbal penned by the Baghdad preacher, scholar, and storyteller Ibn al-Jawzi (d. 597 H/1201 AD). Volume One presents the first half of the text, offering insights into Ibn Hanbal's childhood, education, and adult life, including his religious doctrines, his dealings with other scholars, and his personal habits. Set against the background of fierce debates over the role of reason and the basis of legitimate government, Virtues of the Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal tells the formidable life tale of one of the most influential Muslims in history.


The Generalship of Muhammad

The Generalship of Muhammad

Author: Russ Rodgers

Publisher: University Press of Florida

Published: 2012-03-18

Total Pages: 430

ISBN-13: 0813042844

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His campaigns, military thought, and insurgent strategy There are many biographies of the Prophet, and they tend to fall into three categories: pious works that emphasize the virtues of the early Islamic community, general works for non-Muslim or non-specialist readers, and source-critical works that grapple with historiographical problems inherent in early Islamic history. In The Generalship of Muhammad, Russ Rodgers charts a new path by merging original sources with the latest in military theory to examine Muhammad's military strengths and weaknesses. Incorporating military, political, and economic analyses, Rodgers focuses on Muhammad’s use of insurgency warfare in seventh-century Arabia to gain control of key cities such as Medina. Seeking to understand the operational aspects of these world-changing battles, he provides battlefield maps and explores the supply and logistic problems that would have plagued any military leader at the time. Rodgers explains how Muhammad organized his forces and gradually built his movement against sporadic resistance from his foes. He draws from the hadith literature to shed new light on the nature of the campaigns. He examines the Prophet's intelligence network and the employment of what would today be called special operations forces. And he considers the possibility that Muhammad received outside support to build and maintain his movement as a means to interdict trade routes between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanid Persians.


Book Synopsis The Generalship of Muhammad by : Russ Rodgers

Download or read book The Generalship of Muhammad written by Russ Rodgers and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2012-03-18 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: His campaigns, military thought, and insurgent strategy There are many biographies of the Prophet, and they tend to fall into three categories: pious works that emphasize the virtues of the early Islamic community, general works for non-Muslim or non-specialist readers, and source-critical works that grapple with historiographical problems inherent in early Islamic history. In The Generalship of Muhammad, Russ Rodgers charts a new path by merging original sources with the latest in military theory to examine Muhammad's military strengths and weaknesses. Incorporating military, political, and economic analyses, Rodgers focuses on Muhammad’s use of insurgency warfare in seventh-century Arabia to gain control of key cities such as Medina. Seeking to understand the operational aspects of these world-changing battles, he provides battlefield maps and explores the supply and logistic problems that would have plagued any military leader at the time. Rodgers explains how Muhammad organized his forces and gradually built his movement against sporadic resistance from his foes. He draws from the hadith literature to shed new light on the nature of the campaigns. He examines the Prophet's intelligence network and the employment of what would today be called special operations forces. And he considers the possibility that Muhammad received outside support to build and maintain his movement as a means to interdict trade routes between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanid Persians.