Balkan Tragedy

Balkan Tragedy

Author: Susan L. Woodward

Publisher: Brookings Institution Press

Published: 1995-04-01

Total Pages: 553

ISBN-13: 0815722958

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Yugoslavia was well positioned at the end of the cold war to make a successful transition to a market economy and westernization. Yet two years later, the country had ceased to exist, and devastating local wars were being waged to create new states. Between the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and the start of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina in March 1992, the country moved toward disintegration at astonishing speed. The collapse of Yugoslavia into nationalist regimes led not only to horrendous cruelty and destruction, but also to a crisis of Western security regimes. Coming at the height of euphoria over the end of the cold war and the promise of a "new world order," the conflict presented Western governments and the international community with an unwelcome and unexpected set of tasks. Their initial assessment that the conflict was of little strategic significance or national interest could not be sustained in light of its consequences. By 1994 the conflict had emerged as the most challenging threat to existing norms and institutions that Western leaders faced. And by the end of 1994, more than three years after the international community explicitly intervened to mediate the conflict, there had been no progress on any of the issues raised by the country's dissolution. In this book, Susan Woodward explains what happened to Yugoslavia and what can be learned from the response of outsiders to its crisis. She argues that focusing on ancient ethnic hatreds and military aggression was a way to avoid the problem and misunderstood nationalism in post-communist states. The real origin of the Yugoslav conflict, Woodward explains, is the disintegration of governmental authority and the breakdown of a political and civil order, a process that occurred over a prolonged period. The Yugoslav conflict is inseparable from international change and interdependence, and it is not confined to the Balkans but is part of a more widespread phenomenon of politic


Book Synopsis Balkan Tragedy by : Susan L. Woodward

Download or read book Balkan Tragedy written by Susan L. Woodward and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1995-04-01 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yugoslavia was well positioned at the end of the cold war to make a successful transition to a market economy and westernization. Yet two years later, the country had ceased to exist, and devastating local wars were being waged to create new states. Between the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and the start of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina in March 1992, the country moved toward disintegration at astonishing speed. The collapse of Yugoslavia into nationalist regimes led not only to horrendous cruelty and destruction, but also to a crisis of Western security regimes. Coming at the height of euphoria over the end of the cold war and the promise of a "new world order," the conflict presented Western governments and the international community with an unwelcome and unexpected set of tasks. Their initial assessment that the conflict was of little strategic significance or national interest could not be sustained in light of its consequences. By 1994 the conflict had emerged as the most challenging threat to existing norms and institutions that Western leaders faced. And by the end of 1994, more than three years after the international community explicitly intervened to mediate the conflict, there had been no progress on any of the issues raised by the country's dissolution. In this book, Susan Woodward explains what happened to Yugoslavia and what can be learned from the response of outsiders to its crisis. She argues that focusing on ancient ethnic hatreds and military aggression was a way to avoid the problem and misunderstood nationalism in post-communist states. The real origin of the Yugoslav conflict, Woodward explains, is the disintegration of governmental authority and the breakdown of a political and civil order, a process that occurred over a prolonged period. The Yugoslav conflict is inseparable from international change and interdependence, and it is not confined to the Balkans but is part of a more widespread phenomenon of politic


The Tragedy of Bleiburg and Viktring, 1945

The Tragedy of Bleiburg and Viktring, 1945

Author: Florian Rulitz

Publisher: Cornell University Press

Published: 2016-03-07

Total Pages: 293

ISBN-13: 150175663X

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The atrocities and mass murders committed by Josip Broz Tito's Partisan units of the Yugoslav Army immediately after the Second World War had no place in the conscience of Socialist Yugoslavia. More than once, the annual Croatian commemoration of the Bleiburg victims was subject to attacks carried out by the socialist Yugoslav state. Abroad in the West, on Austrian soil, the Yugoslav secret service (UDBA) did not shy away from murdering the protagonist of the Croatian memory culture, Nicola Martinovic, as late as 1975. The official history was aligned with a firm interpretational paradigm that called for a glorification of the anti-fascist "people's liberation resistance." With the breakup of Yugoslavia and its socialist regime in 1991, the identity-establishing accounts of contemporary witnesses, which had mainly been cherished in exile circles abroad, increasingly reached public awareness in Croatia and Slovenia. In the 1990s Croatia witnessed the emergence of a memory that had been suppressed by the socialist-Yugoslav regime—namely the Bleiburg tragedy. The situation in Slovenia was similar in terms of identity and remembrance culture. Among the Slovenes, the communist crimes committed during the turmoil are known as the drama of Viktring or the Viktring tragedy, named after the largest refugee camp of the Slovenes. Reports on the communist postwar crimes and on the countless discoveries of mass gravesites have also begun circulating in the media of the German-speaking world in the last few years. Florian Rulitz's meticulously researched book, now available for the first time in English, provides a corrective to the historical memory that had been previously accepted as truth. Rulitz focuses on two essential questions. First, did the so-called "final encirclement battles" indeed occur in Carinthia in the Ferlach/Hollenburg/Viktring and Dravograd/Poljana/Bleiburg areas, resulting in military victories for the Yugoslav Army? Second, were the battles after the capitulation fought by the refugees with the aim of reaching the British-controlled areas in Carinthia? To answer these questions, Rulitz presents a detailed reconstruction of those days in May 1945. He furthermore considers the question of the murders on Austrian territory, which were hushed up in Partisan literature and presented as casualties of the final military operations. This groundbreaking study will interest scholars and students of modern European history.


Book Synopsis The Tragedy of Bleiburg and Viktring, 1945 by : Florian Rulitz

Download or read book The Tragedy of Bleiburg and Viktring, 1945 written by Florian Rulitz and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The atrocities and mass murders committed by Josip Broz Tito's Partisan units of the Yugoslav Army immediately after the Second World War had no place in the conscience of Socialist Yugoslavia. More than once, the annual Croatian commemoration of the Bleiburg victims was subject to attacks carried out by the socialist Yugoslav state. Abroad in the West, on Austrian soil, the Yugoslav secret service (UDBA) did not shy away from murdering the protagonist of the Croatian memory culture, Nicola Martinovic, as late as 1975. The official history was aligned with a firm interpretational paradigm that called for a glorification of the anti-fascist "people's liberation resistance." With the breakup of Yugoslavia and its socialist regime in 1991, the identity-establishing accounts of contemporary witnesses, which had mainly been cherished in exile circles abroad, increasingly reached public awareness in Croatia and Slovenia. In the 1990s Croatia witnessed the emergence of a memory that had been suppressed by the socialist-Yugoslav regime—namely the Bleiburg tragedy. The situation in Slovenia was similar in terms of identity and remembrance culture. Among the Slovenes, the communist crimes committed during the turmoil are known as the drama of Viktring or the Viktring tragedy, named after the largest refugee camp of the Slovenes. Reports on the communist postwar crimes and on the countless discoveries of mass gravesites have also begun circulating in the media of the German-speaking world in the last few years. Florian Rulitz's meticulously researched book, now available for the first time in English, provides a corrective to the historical memory that had been previously accepted as truth. Rulitz focuses on two essential questions. First, did the so-called "final encirclement battles" indeed occur in Carinthia in the Ferlach/Hollenburg/Viktring and Dravograd/Poljana/Bleiburg areas, resulting in military victories for the Yugoslav Army? Second, were the battles after the capitulation fought by the refugees with the aim of reaching the British-controlled areas in Carinthia? To answer these questions, Rulitz presents a detailed reconstruction of those days in May 1945. He furthermore considers the question of the murders on Austrian territory, which were hushed up in Partisan literature and presented as casualties of the final military operations. This groundbreaking study will interest scholars and students of modern European history.


Ethnic Nationalism

Ethnic Nationalism

Author: Bogdan Denis Denitch

Publisher: U of Minnesota Press

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 9780816629473

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This essential resource provides a cogent, comprehensive historical analysis of Yugoslavia's demise, one that clearly identifies events and trends that urgently demand the world's attention.


Book Synopsis Ethnic Nationalism by : Bogdan Denis Denitch

Download or read book Ethnic Nationalism written by Bogdan Denis Denitch and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential resource provides a cogent, comprehensive historical analysis of Yugoslavia's demise, one that clearly identifies events and trends that urgently demand the world's attention.


Balkan Tragedy

Balkan Tragedy

Author: Susan L. Woodward

Publisher: Brookings Institution Press

Published: 1995-04-01

Total Pages: 560

ISBN-13: 9780815722953

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Yugoslavia was well positioned at the end of the cold war to make a successful transition to a market economy and westernization. Yet two years later, the country had ceased to exist, and devastating local wars were being waged to create new states. Between the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and the start of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina in March 1992, the country moved toward disintegration at astonishing speed. The collapse of Yugoslavia into nationalist regimes led not only to horrendous cruelty and destruction, but also to a crisis of Western security regimes. Coming at the height of euphoria over the end of the cold war and the promise of a "new world order," the conflict presented Western governments and the international community with an unwelcome and unexpected set of tasks. Their initial assessment that the conflict was of little strategic significance or national interest could not be sustained in light of its consequences. By 1994 the conflict had emerged as the most challenging threat to existing norms and institutions that Western leaders faced. And by the end of 1994, more than three years after the international community explicitly intervened to mediate the conflict, there had been no progress on any of the issues raised by the country's dissolution. In this book, Susan Woodward explains what happened to Yugoslavia and what can be learned from the response of outsiders to its crisis. She argues that focusing on ancient ethnic hatreds and military aggression was a way to avoid the problem and misunderstood nationalism in post-communist states. The real origin of the Yugoslav conflict, Woodward explains, is the disintegration of governmental authority and the breakdown of a political and civil order, a process that occurred over a prolonged period. The Yugoslav conflict is inseparable from international change and interdependence, and it is not confined to the Balkans but is part of a more widespread phenomenon of politic


Book Synopsis Balkan Tragedy by : Susan L. Woodward

Download or read book Balkan Tragedy written by Susan L. Woodward and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1995-04-01 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yugoslavia was well positioned at the end of the cold war to make a successful transition to a market economy and westernization. Yet two years later, the country had ceased to exist, and devastating local wars were being waged to create new states. Between the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and the start of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina in March 1992, the country moved toward disintegration at astonishing speed. The collapse of Yugoslavia into nationalist regimes led not only to horrendous cruelty and destruction, but also to a crisis of Western security regimes. Coming at the height of euphoria over the end of the cold war and the promise of a "new world order," the conflict presented Western governments and the international community with an unwelcome and unexpected set of tasks. Their initial assessment that the conflict was of little strategic significance or national interest could not be sustained in light of its consequences. By 1994 the conflict had emerged as the most challenging threat to existing norms and institutions that Western leaders faced. And by the end of 1994, more than three years after the international community explicitly intervened to mediate the conflict, there had been no progress on any of the issues raised by the country's dissolution. In this book, Susan Woodward explains what happened to Yugoslavia and what can be learned from the response of outsiders to its crisis. She argues that focusing on ancient ethnic hatreds and military aggression was a way to avoid the problem and misunderstood nationalism in post-communist states. The real origin of the Yugoslav conflict, Woodward explains, is the disintegration of governmental authority and the breakdown of a political and civil order, a process that occurred over a prolonged period. The Yugoslav conflict is inseparable from international change and interdependence, and it is not confined to the Balkans but is part of a more widespread phenomenon of politic


The Yugoslav Tragedy

The Yugoslav Tragedy

Author: Michael Barratt Brown

Publisher: Spokesman Books

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780851245904

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Book Synopsis The Yugoslav Tragedy by : Michael Barratt Brown

Download or read book The Yugoslav Tragedy written by Michael Barratt Brown and published by Spokesman Books. This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


The Tragedy of Yugoslavia: The Failure of Democratic Transformation

The Tragedy of Yugoslavia: The Failure of Democratic Transformation

Author: Jim Seroka

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2016-09-16

Total Pages: 201

ISBN-13: 1315486954

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Once it was hoped that the Yugoslav federation might manage to defy the odds once more, this time to become one of the world's few examples of democratic pluralism. Instead, we are witnessing another Balkan tragedy. What went wrong? In this volume scholars from Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia examine the Janus face of pluralism, with case studies of electoral politics in the republics and of what were once the country's institutions of integration - the League of Communists, the managerial elite, and the army. Among the contributors are Mirjana Kaspovic, Tomaz Masmak, Vesna Pusic, Anton Bebler, Ivan Siber, Vucina Vasovic, and the editors.


Book Synopsis The Tragedy of Yugoslavia: The Failure of Democratic Transformation by : Jim Seroka

Download or read book The Tragedy of Yugoslavia: The Failure of Democratic Transformation written by Jim Seroka and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once it was hoped that the Yugoslav federation might manage to defy the odds once more, this time to become one of the world's few examples of democratic pluralism. Instead, we are witnessing another Balkan tragedy. What went wrong? In this volume scholars from Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia examine the Janus face of pluralism, with case studies of electoral politics in the republics and of what were once the country's institutions of integration - the League of Communists, the managerial elite, and the army. Among the contributors are Mirjana Kaspovic, Tomaz Masmak, Vesna Pusic, Anton Bebler, Ivan Siber, Vucina Vasovic, and the editors.


A Balkan Tragedy--Yugoslavia, 1941-1946

A Balkan Tragedy--Yugoslavia, 1941-1946

Author: Zvonimir Vukovich

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 376

ISBN-13:

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The memoirs of Zvonimir Vuckovich, participant in the nationalist resistance of General Dragoljub-Draza Mihailovich are among the most important sources for the study of the Yugoslav resistance during the nazi occupation in World War II.


Book Synopsis A Balkan Tragedy--Yugoslavia, 1941-1946 by : Zvonimir Vukovich

Download or read book A Balkan Tragedy--Yugoslavia, 1941-1946 written by Zvonimir Vukovich and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The memoirs of Zvonimir Vuckovich, participant in the nationalist resistance of General Dragoljub-Draza Mihailovich are among the most important sources for the study of the Yugoslav resistance during the nazi occupation in World War II.


Last Words

Last Words

Author: Boris J. Todorovich

Publisher: Walker & Company

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 319

ISBN-13: 9780802710673

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The story of Boris Todorovich, soldier in battle against the Germans, war prisoner, escapee, and instrumental in memorialzing General Mihailovich


Book Synopsis Last Words by : Boris J. Todorovich

Download or read book Last Words written by Boris J. Todorovich and published by Walker & Company. This book was released on 1989 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of Boris Todorovich, soldier in battle against the Germans, war prisoner, escapee, and instrumental in memorialzing General Mihailovich


The War We Lost

The War We Lost

Author: Constantin Fotitch

Publisher:

Published: 2012-05-01

Total Pages: 352

ISBN-13: 9781258319083

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Book Synopsis The War We Lost by : Constantin Fotitch

Download or read book The War We Lost written by Constantin Fotitch and published by . This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


The War We Lost

The War We Lost

Author: Konstantin Fotić

Publisher:

Published: 1974

Total Pages: 362

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis The War We Lost by : Konstantin Fotić

Download or read book The War We Lost written by Konstantin Fotić and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: