Towards Solid-State Quantum Repeaters

Towards Solid-State Quantum Repeaters

Author: Kristiaan De Greve

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-16

Total Pages: 159

ISBN-13: 3319000748

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Towards Solid-State Quantum Repeaters: Ultrafast, Coherent Optical Control and Spin-Photon Entanglement in Charged InAs Quantum Dots summarizes several state-of-the-art coherent spin manipulation experiments in III-V quantum dots. Both high-fidelity optical manipulation, decoherence due to nuclear spins and the spin coherence extraction are discussed, as is the generation of entanglement between a single spin qubit and a photonic qubit. The experimental results are analyzed and discussed in the context of future quantum technologies, such as quantum repeaters. Single spins in optically active semiconductor host materials have emerged as leading candidates for quantum information processing (QIP). The quantum nature of the spin allows for encoding of stationary, memory quantum bits (qubits), and the relatively weak interaction with the host material preserves the spin coherence. On the other hand, optically active host materials permit direct interfacing with light, which can be used for all-optical qubit manipulation, and for efficiently mapping matter qubits into photonic qubits that are suited for long-distance quantum communication.


Book Synopsis Towards Solid-State Quantum Repeaters by : Kristiaan De Greve

Download or read book Towards Solid-State Quantum Repeaters written by Kristiaan De Greve and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towards Solid-State Quantum Repeaters: Ultrafast, Coherent Optical Control and Spin-Photon Entanglement in Charged InAs Quantum Dots summarizes several state-of-the-art coherent spin manipulation experiments in III-V quantum dots. Both high-fidelity optical manipulation, decoherence due to nuclear spins and the spin coherence extraction are discussed, as is the generation of entanglement between a single spin qubit and a photonic qubit. The experimental results are analyzed and discussed in the context of future quantum technologies, such as quantum repeaters. Single spins in optically active semiconductor host materials have emerged as leading candidates for quantum information processing (QIP). The quantum nature of the spin allows for encoding of stationary, memory quantum bits (qubits), and the relatively weak interaction with the host material preserves the spin coherence. On the other hand, optically active host materials permit direct interfacing with light, which can be used for all-optical qubit manipulation, and for efficiently mapping matter qubits into photonic qubits that are suited for long-distance quantum communication.

Quantum Light Source Compatible with Solid-state Quantum Memories and Telecom Networks

Quantum Light Source Compatible with Solid-state Quantum Memories and Telecom Networks

Author: Daniel Rieländer

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 152

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This PhD thesis is in the scope of experimental quantum communication. It deals with correlated photon pairs of which one photon is stored in a solid state device, while the other photon is at telecom wavelength. Quantum correlation between a photon at telecom wavelength and a photon stored in a quantum memory is an important resource for future applications like quantum repeaters, allowing the transmission quantum states over long distances. During the first part of this thesis, a novel photon pair source has been developed, based on spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) inside a bow-tie cavity. SPDC is a non-linear process which splits a pump photon sporadically into two correlated photons, called signal and idler photon. The source used in this work has been designed to be compatible with a solid state quantum memory based on a Praseodymium doped crystal, using the atomic frequency comp (AFC) protocol. This material has shown promising properties for classical light storage. However, it features a small storage bandwidth of 4 MHz at 606 nm, which sets stringent requirements for the photons to be stored. To match these requirements the SPDC process takes place inside a bowtie cavity which is resonant with the created signal and idler photons. The difference between storage wavelength and telecom wavelength (1436 nm in our case) leads to widely non-degenerate photon pairs. These double resonance leads to a strong clustering effect, which suppresses a high number of redundant spectral modes. The created photon spectrum is investigated carefully and consists of three clusters with few well separated modes. The width of each mode is around 2 MHz and matches the requirement for the quantum memory. Single mode operation was achieved by placing an additional Fabry-Perot cavity in the idler field at 1436 nm. This resulted in the demonstration of the narrowest photon pairs consisting of a spectral single mode, created by SPDC to date. In the second part of the thesis, heralded single photons at 606 nm were created by the detection of a photon at 1436 nm. These heralded photons were then stored as collective optical excitations in a praseodymium crystal, using the AFC scheme. Non-classical correlation between the heralding photon and the stored and retrieved photons were observed for storage time up to 4 μs, 20 times longer than achieved in previous solid state quantum memory experiments. Further development on the source, led to improved results, including an increase of coincidence count rate by one order of magnitude and a heralding efficiency of 28 %. The single photon nature of the heralded photon was also measured directly by showing strong antibunching of the 606 nm signal field. These improvements made the created photons compatible with the storage in the spin state of the praseodymium level scheme, using the full AFC protocol. That enabled an extended storage time of 11 μs with on demand readout of the stored photon. The last part of the thesis explores another important resource for the distribution of quantum states with a quantum repeater, entanglement between the created photon pairs. Here we show a rather new approach of entanglement, which is well suited for narrow band photons based on frequency bins. We take advantage of the fact that the source naturally creates several energy correlated well separated frequency modes. In order to show the coherent superposition of the frequency modes, we use electro-optical modulators to coherently mix them. We could show high-visibility two-photon interference fringes, a strong indicator for entanglement in the frequency domain. The results presented in this thesis open the door for the demonstration of entanglement between a solid-state spin-wave quantum memory and a photon at telecom wavelength. This represents an important step for the realization of quantum repeaters using solid state resources.


Book Synopsis Quantum Light Source Compatible with Solid-state Quantum Memories and Telecom Networks by : Daniel Rieländer

Download or read book Quantum Light Source Compatible with Solid-state Quantum Memories and Telecom Networks written by Daniel Rieländer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This PhD thesis is in the scope of experimental quantum communication. It deals with correlated photon pairs of which one photon is stored in a solid state device, while the other photon is at telecom wavelength. Quantum correlation between a photon at telecom wavelength and a photon stored in a quantum memory is an important resource for future applications like quantum repeaters, allowing the transmission quantum states over long distances. During the first part of this thesis, a novel photon pair source has been developed, based on spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) inside a bow-tie cavity. SPDC is a non-linear process which splits a pump photon sporadically into two correlated photons, called signal and idler photon. The source used in this work has been designed to be compatible with a solid state quantum memory based on a Praseodymium doped crystal, using the atomic frequency comp (AFC) protocol. This material has shown promising properties for classical light storage. However, it features a small storage bandwidth of 4 MHz at 606 nm, which sets stringent requirements for the photons to be stored. To match these requirements the SPDC process takes place inside a bowtie cavity which is resonant with the created signal and idler photons. The difference between storage wavelength and telecom wavelength (1436 nm in our case) leads to widely non-degenerate photon pairs. These double resonance leads to a strong clustering effect, which suppresses a high number of redundant spectral modes. The created photon spectrum is investigated carefully and consists of three clusters with few well separated modes. The width of each mode is around 2 MHz and matches the requirement for the quantum memory. Single mode operation was achieved by placing an additional Fabry-Perot cavity in the idler field at 1436 nm. This resulted in the demonstration of the narrowest photon pairs consisting of a spectral single mode, created by SPDC to date. In the second part of the thesis, heralded single photons at 606 nm were created by the detection of a photon at 1436 nm. These heralded photons were then stored as collective optical excitations in a praseodymium crystal, using the AFC scheme. Non-classical correlation between the heralding photon and the stored and retrieved photons were observed for storage time up to 4 μs, 20 times longer than achieved in previous solid state quantum memory experiments. Further development on the source, led to improved results, including an increase of coincidence count rate by one order of magnitude and a heralding efficiency of 28 %. The single photon nature of the heralded photon was also measured directly by showing strong antibunching of the 606 nm signal field. These improvements made the created photons compatible with the storage in the spin state of the praseodymium level scheme, using the full AFC protocol. That enabled an extended storage time of 11 μs with on demand readout of the stored photon. The last part of the thesis explores another important resource for the distribution of quantum states with a quantum repeater, entanglement between the created photon pairs. Here we show a rather new approach of entanglement, which is well suited for narrow band photons based on frequency bins. We take advantage of the fact that the source naturally creates several energy correlated well separated frequency modes. In order to show the coherent superposition of the frequency modes, we use electro-optical modulators to coherently mix them. We could show high-visibility two-photon interference fringes, a strong indicator for entanglement in the frequency domain. The results presented in this thesis open the door for the demonstration of entanglement between a solid-state spin-wave quantum memory and a photon at telecom wavelength. This represents an important step for the realization of quantum repeaters using solid state resources.

Principles and Methods of Quantum Information Technologies

Principles and Methods of Quantum Information Technologies

Author: Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-12-30

Total Pages: 615

ISBN-13: 4431557563

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book presents the research and development-related results of the “FIRST” Quantum Information Processing Project, which was conducted from 2010 to 2014 with the support of the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation of the Cabinet Office of the Government of Japan. The project supported 33 research groups and explored five areas: quantum communication, quantum metrology and sensing, coherent computing, quantum simulation, and quantum computing. The book is divided into seven main sections. Parts I through V, which consist of twenty chapters, focus on the system and architectural aspects of quantum information technologies, while Parts VI and VII, which consist of eight chapters, discuss the superconducting quantum circuit, semiconductor spin and molecular spin technologies. Readers will be introduced to new quantum computing schemes such as quantum annealing machines and coherent Ising machines, which have now arisen as alternatives to standard quantum computers and are designed to successfully address NP-hard/NP-complete combinatorial optimization problems, which are ubiquitous and relevant in our modern life. The book offers a balanced mix of theory-based and experimentation-based chapters written by leading researchers. Extensive information is provided on Quantum simulation, which focuses on the implementation of various many-body Hamiltonians in a well-controlled physical system, Quantum key distribution, Quantum repeaters and quantum teleportation, which are indispensable technologies for building quantum networks with various advanced applications and require far more sophisticated experimental techniques to implement.


Book Synopsis Principles and Methods of Quantum Information Technologies by : Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Download or read book Principles and Methods of Quantum Information Technologies written by Yoshihisa Yamamoto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-30 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the research and development-related results of the “FIRST” Quantum Information Processing Project, which was conducted from 2010 to 2014 with the support of the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation of the Cabinet Office of the Government of Japan. The project supported 33 research groups and explored five areas: quantum communication, quantum metrology and sensing, coherent computing, quantum simulation, and quantum computing. The book is divided into seven main sections. Parts I through V, which consist of twenty chapters, focus on the system and architectural aspects of quantum information technologies, while Parts VI and VII, which consist of eight chapters, discuss the superconducting quantum circuit, semiconductor spin and molecular spin technologies. Readers will be introduced to new quantum computing schemes such as quantum annealing machines and coherent Ising machines, which have now arisen as alternatives to standard quantum computers and are designed to successfully address NP-hard/NP-complete combinatorial optimization problems, which are ubiquitous and relevant in our modern life. The book offers a balanced mix of theory-based and experimentation-based chapters written by leading researchers. Extensive information is provided on Quantum simulation, which focuses on the implementation of various many-body Hamiltonians in a well-controlled physical system, Quantum key distribution, Quantum repeaters and quantum teleportation, which are indispensable technologies for building quantum networks with various advanced applications and require far more sophisticated experimental techniques to implement.

Engineering the Atom-Photon Interaction

Engineering the Atom-Photon Interaction

Author: Ana Predojević

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-07-16

Total Pages: 410

ISBN-13: 3319192310

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book provides a comprehensive view of the contemporary methods for quantum-light engineering. In particular, it addresses different technological branches and therefore allows the reader to quickly identify the best technology - application match. Non-classical light is a versatile tool, proven to be an intrinsic part of various quantum technologies. Its historical significance has made it the subject of many text books written both from theoretical and experimental point of view. This book takes another perspective by giving an insight to modern technologies used to generate and manipulate quantum light.


Book Synopsis Engineering the Atom-Photon Interaction by : Ana Predojević

Download or read book Engineering the Atom-Photon Interaction written by Ana Predojević and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-16 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive view of the contemporary methods for quantum-light engineering. In particular, it addresses different technological branches and therefore allows the reader to quickly identify the best technology - application match. Non-classical light is a versatile tool, proven to be an intrinsic part of various quantum technologies. Its historical significance has made it the subject of many text books written both from theoretical and experimental point of view. This book takes another perspective by giving an insight to modern technologies used to generate and manipulate quantum light.

Quantum Dots for Quantum Information Technologies

Quantum Dots for Quantum Information Technologies

Author: Peter Michler

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-06-01

Total Pages: 457

ISBN-13: 3319563785

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book highlights the most recent developments in quantum dot spin physics and the generation of deterministic superior non-classical light states with quantum dots. In particular, it addresses single quantum dot spin manipulation, spin-photon entanglement and the generation of single-photon and entangled photon pair states with nearly ideal properties. The role of semiconductor microcavities, nanophotonic interfaces as well as quantum photonic integrated circuits is emphasized. The latest theoretical and experimental studies of phonon-dressed light matter interaction, single-dot lasing and resonance fluorescence in QD cavity systems are also provided. The book is written by the leading experts in the field.


Book Synopsis Quantum Dots for Quantum Information Technologies by : Peter Michler

Download or read book Quantum Dots for Quantum Information Technologies written by Peter Michler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the most recent developments in quantum dot spin physics and the generation of deterministic superior non-classical light states with quantum dots. In particular, it addresses single quantum dot spin manipulation, spin-photon entanglement and the generation of single-photon and entangled photon pair states with nearly ideal properties. The role of semiconductor microcavities, nanophotonic interfaces as well as quantum photonic integrated circuits is emphasized. The latest theoretical and experimental studies of phonon-dressed light matter interaction, single-dot lasing and resonance fluorescence in QD cavity systems are also provided. The book is written by the leading experts in the field.

Techniques for Deployed Quantum Networks with Solid-state Defect Centers

Techniques for Deployed Quantum Networks with Solid-state Defect Centers

Author: Eric Bersin

Publisher:

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The past decade has seen tremendous progress towards the development of quantum networks, wherein quantum states are transmitted over long distances for applications in distributed quantum computing, quantum-enhanced metrology, and quantum key distribution. In particular, recent results have demonstrated the fundamental building blocks of "quantum repeaters" --- network nodes containing quantum memories that can store, process, and retransmit photonic qubits. Such repeaters are key to deploying scalable quantum networks that can realize the full range of quantum networking applications. However, work in this area has typically been confined to small numbers of low-yield devices, operating in single laboratory environments. Moving from delicate, proof-of-principle physics experiments to robust, practical systems requires advancements on a number of fronts, ranging from fundamental materials science and qubit development to high-level quantum-compatible communications infrastructures. Here, we pursue a full-stack approach towards deployable quantum networks, specifically with solid-state defect centers as quantum memories. We investigate single qubit registers, studying creation techniques and multi-spin architectures that might enhance qubit performance. Next, we propose architectures at the device and repeater levels for improving the ability of a network to take advantage of high-performance qubits. Finally, we develop the classical infrastructure necessary for realizing quantum networks across real-world fiber links, concluding with a demonstration of photon-to-spin quantum state transfer across a 50 km deployed network in the Boston area. Together, these efforts represent a significant step in realizing scalable, memory-enabled quantum networks.


Book Synopsis Techniques for Deployed Quantum Networks with Solid-state Defect Centers by : Eric Bersin

Download or read book Techniques for Deployed Quantum Networks with Solid-state Defect Centers written by Eric Bersin and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has seen tremendous progress towards the development of quantum networks, wherein quantum states are transmitted over long distances for applications in distributed quantum computing, quantum-enhanced metrology, and quantum key distribution. In particular, recent results have demonstrated the fundamental building blocks of "quantum repeaters" --- network nodes containing quantum memories that can store, process, and retransmit photonic qubits. Such repeaters are key to deploying scalable quantum networks that can realize the full range of quantum networking applications. However, work in this area has typically been confined to small numbers of low-yield devices, operating in single laboratory environments. Moving from delicate, proof-of-principle physics experiments to robust, practical systems requires advancements on a number of fronts, ranging from fundamental materials science and qubit development to high-level quantum-compatible communications infrastructures. Here, we pursue a full-stack approach towards deployable quantum networks, specifically with solid-state defect centers as quantum memories. We investigate single qubit registers, studying creation techniques and multi-spin architectures that might enhance qubit performance. Next, we propose architectures at the device and repeater levels for improving the ability of a network to take advantage of high-performance qubits. Finally, we develop the classical infrastructure necessary for realizing quantum networks across real-world fiber links, concluding with a demonstration of photon-to-spin quantum state transfer across a 50 km deployed network in the Boston area. Together, these efforts represent a significant step in realizing scalable, memory-enabled quantum networks.

Photonic Quantum Technologies

Photonic Quantum Technologies

Author: Mohamed Benyoucef

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2023-05-04

Total Pages: 910

ISBN-13: 3527837434

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Photonic Quantum Technologies Brings together top-level research results to enable the development of practical quantum devices In Photonic Quantum Technologies: Science and Applications, the editor Mohamed Benyoucef and a team of distinguished scientists from different disciplines deliver an authoritative, one-stop overview of up-to-date research on various quantum systems. This unique book reviews the state-of-the-art research in photonic quantum technologies and bridges the fundamentals of the field with applications to provide readers from academia and industry, in one-location resource, with cutting-edge knowledge they need to have to understand and develop practical quantum systems for application in e.g., secure quantum communication, quantum metrology, and quantum computing. The book also addresses fundamental and engineering challenges en route to workable quantum devices and ways to circumvent or overcome them. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the fundamentals of quantum technologies, including discussions of the second quantum revolution (by Nobel Laureate Alain Aspect), solid-state quantum optics, and non-classical light and quantum entanglement Comprehensive explorations of emerging quantum technologies and their practical applications, including quantum repeaters, satellite-based quantum communication, quantum networks, silicon quantum photonics, integrated quantum systems, and future vision Practical discussions of quantum technologies with artificial atoms, color centers, 2D materials, molecules, atoms, ions, and optical clocks Perfect for molecular and solid-state physicists, Photonic Quantum Technologies: Science and Applications will also benefit industrial and academic researchers in photonics and quantum optics, graduate students in the field; engineers, chemists, and computer and material scientists.


Book Synopsis Photonic Quantum Technologies by : Mohamed Benyoucef

Download or read book Photonic Quantum Technologies written by Mohamed Benyoucef and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-05-04 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photonic Quantum Technologies Brings together top-level research results to enable the development of practical quantum devices In Photonic Quantum Technologies: Science and Applications, the editor Mohamed Benyoucef and a team of distinguished scientists from different disciplines deliver an authoritative, one-stop overview of up-to-date research on various quantum systems. This unique book reviews the state-of-the-art research in photonic quantum technologies and bridges the fundamentals of the field with applications to provide readers from academia and industry, in one-location resource, with cutting-edge knowledge they need to have to understand and develop practical quantum systems for application in e.g., secure quantum communication, quantum metrology, and quantum computing. The book also addresses fundamental and engineering challenges en route to workable quantum devices and ways to circumvent or overcome them. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the fundamentals of quantum technologies, including discussions of the second quantum revolution (by Nobel Laureate Alain Aspect), solid-state quantum optics, and non-classical light and quantum entanglement Comprehensive explorations of emerging quantum technologies and their practical applications, including quantum repeaters, satellite-based quantum communication, quantum networks, silicon quantum photonics, integrated quantum systems, and future vision Practical discussions of quantum technologies with artificial atoms, color centers, 2D materials, molecules, atoms, ions, and optical clocks Perfect for molecular and solid-state physicists, Photonic Quantum Technologies: Science and Applications will also benefit industrial and academic researchers in photonics and quantum optics, graduate students in the field; engineers, chemists, and computer and material scientists.

Quantum Technologies and Military Strategy

Quantum Technologies and Military Strategy

Author: Ajey Lele

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-04-12

Total Pages: 182

ISBN-13: 3030727211

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book is about the strategic relevance of quantum technologies. It debates the military-specific aspects of this technology. Various chapters of this book cohere around two specific themes. The first theme discusses the global pattern of ongoing civilian and military research on quantum computers, quantum cryptography, quantum communications and quantum internet. The second theme explicitly identifies the relevance of these technologies in the military domain and the possible nature of quantum technology-based weapons. This thread further debates on quantum (arms) race at a global level in general, and in the context of the USA and China, in particular. The book argues that the defence utility of these technologies is increasingly becoming obvious and is likely to change the nature of warfare in the future.


Book Synopsis Quantum Technologies and Military Strategy by : Ajey Lele

Download or read book Quantum Technologies and Military Strategy written by Ajey Lele and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-12 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the strategic relevance of quantum technologies. It debates the military-specific aspects of this technology. Various chapters of this book cohere around two specific themes. The first theme discusses the global pattern of ongoing civilian and military research on quantum computers, quantum cryptography, quantum communications and quantum internet. The second theme explicitly identifies the relevance of these technologies in the military domain and the possible nature of quantum technology-based weapons. This thread further debates on quantum (arms) race at a global level in general, and in the context of the USA and China, in particular. The book argues that the defence utility of these technologies is increasingly becoming obvious and is likely to change the nature of warfare in the future.

Introduction to Quantum Cryptography

Introduction to Quantum Cryptography

Author: Thomas Vidick

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2023-08-31

Total Pages: 343

ISBN-13: 1316515656

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

An accessible and engaging upper undergraduate-level textbook on quantum cryptography including coverage of key, modern applications.


Book Synopsis Introduction to Quantum Cryptography by : Thomas Vidick

Download or read book Introduction to Quantum Cryptography written by Thomas Vidick and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-31 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible and engaging upper undergraduate-level textbook on quantum cryptography including coverage of key, modern applications.

Current Trends in Atomic Physics

Current Trends in Atomic Physics

Author: Antoine Browaeys

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2019-05-14

Total Pages: 472

ISBN-13: 0198837194

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book gathers the lecture notes of courses given at Session CVII of the summer school in physics, entitled "Current Trends in Atomic Physics" and held in July, 2016 in Les Houches, France. Atomic physics provides a paradigm for exploring few-body quantum systems with unparalleled control. In recent years, this ability has been applied in diverse areas including condensed matter physics, high energy physics, chemistry and ultra-fast phenomena as well as foundational aspects of quantum physics. This book addresses these topics by presenting developments and current trends via a series of tutorials and lectures presented by international leading investigators.


Book Synopsis Current Trends in Atomic Physics by : Antoine Browaeys

Download or read book Current Trends in Atomic Physics written by Antoine Browaeys and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-05-14 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the lecture notes of courses given at Session CVII of the summer school in physics, entitled "Current Trends in Atomic Physics" and held in July, 2016 in Les Houches, France. Atomic physics provides a paradigm for exploring few-body quantum systems with unparalleled control. In recent years, this ability has been applied in diverse areas including condensed matter physics, high energy physics, chemistry and ultra-fast phenomena as well as foundational aspects of quantum physics. This book addresses these topics by presenting developments and current trends via a series of tutorials and lectures presented by international leading investigators.