Ultra-Low-Voltage Frequency Synthesizer and Successive-Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converter for Biomedical Applications

Ultra-Low-Voltage Frequency Synthesizer and Successive-Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converter for Biomedical Applications

Author: Chung-Chih Hung

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-12-07

Total Pages: 231

ISBN-13: 3030888452

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This book introduces the origin of biomedical signals and the operating principles behind them and introduces the characteristics of common biomedical signals for subsequent signal measurement and judgment. Since biomedical signals are captured by wearable devices, sensor devices, or implanted devices, these devices are all battery-powered to maintain long working time. We hope to reduce their power consumption to extend service life, especially for implantable devices, because battery replacement can only be done through surgery. Therefore, we must understand how to design low-power integrated circuits. Both implantable and in-vitro medical signal detectors require two basic components to collect and transmit biomedical signals: an analog-to-digital converter and a frequency synthesizer because these measured biomedical signals are wirelessly transmitted to the relevant receiving unit. The core unit of wireless transmission is the frequency synthesizer, which provides a wide frequency range and stable frequency to demonstrate the quality and performance of the wireless transmitter. Therefore, the basic operating principle and model of the frequency synthesizer are introduced. We also show design examples and measurement results of a low-power low-voltage integer-N frequency synthesizer for biomedical applications. The detection of biomedical signals needs to be converted into digital signals by an analog-to-digital converter to facilitate subsequent signal processing and recognition. Therefore, the operating principle of the analog-to-digital converter is introduced. We also show implementation examples and measurement results of low-power low-voltage analog-to-digital converters for biomedical applications.


Book Synopsis Ultra-Low-Voltage Frequency Synthesizer and Successive-Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converter for Biomedical Applications by : Chung-Chih Hung

Download or read book Ultra-Low-Voltage Frequency Synthesizer and Successive-Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converter for Biomedical Applications written by Chung-Chih Hung and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the origin of biomedical signals and the operating principles behind them and introduces the characteristics of common biomedical signals for subsequent signal measurement and judgment. Since biomedical signals are captured by wearable devices, sensor devices, or implanted devices, these devices are all battery-powered to maintain long working time. We hope to reduce their power consumption to extend service life, especially for implantable devices, because battery replacement can only be done through surgery. Therefore, we must understand how to design low-power integrated circuits. Both implantable and in-vitro medical signal detectors require two basic components to collect and transmit biomedical signals: an analog-to-digital converter and a frequency synthesizer because these measured biomedical signals are wirelessly transmitted to the relevant receiving unit. The core unit of wireless transmission is the frequency synthesizer, which provides a wide frequency range and stable frequency to demonstrate the quality and performance of the wireless transmitter. Therefore, the basic operating principle and model of the frequency synthesizer are introduced. We also show design examples and measurement results of a low-power low-voltage integer-N frequency synthesizer for biomedical applications. The detection of biomedical signals needs to be converted into digital signals by an analog-to-digital converter to facilitate subsequent signal processing and recognition. Therefore, the operating principle of the analog-to-digital converter is introduced. We also show implementation examples and measurement results of low-power low-voltage analog-to-digital converters for biomedical applications.

Opto-VLSI Devices and Circuits for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications

Opto-VLSI Devices and Circuits for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications

Author: Ankur Kumar

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2023-09-04

Total Pages: 218

ISBN-13: 1000932346

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The text comprehensively discusses the latest Opto-VLSI devices and circuits useful for healthcare and biomedical applications. It further emphasizes the importance of smart technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the internet of things for the biomedical and healthcare industries. Discusses advanced concepts in the field of electro-optics devices for medical applications. Presents optimization techniques including logical effort, particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm to design Opto-VLSI devices and circuits. Showcases the concepts of artificial intelligence and machine learning for smart medical devices and data auto-collection for distance treatment. Covers advanced Opto-VLSI devices including a field-effect transistor and optical sensors, spintronic and photonic devices. Highlights application of flexible electronics in health monitoring and artificial intelligence integration for better medical devices. The text presents the advances in the fields of optics and VLSI and their applicability in diverse areas including biomedical engineering and the healthcare sector. It covers important topics such as FET biosensors, optical biosensors and advanced optical materials. It further showcases the significance of smart technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and the internet of things for the biomedical and healthcare industries. It will serve as an ideal design book for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields including electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer engineering and biomedical engineering.


Book Synopsis Opto-VLSI Devices and Circuits for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications by : Ankur Kumar

Download or read book Opto-VLSI Devices and Circuits for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications written by Ankur Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-09-04 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The text comprehensively discusses the latest Opto-VLSI devices and circuits useful for healthcare and biomedical applications. It further emphasizes the importance of smart technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the internet of things for the biomedical and healthcare industries. Discusses advanced concepts in the field of electro-optics devices for medical applications. Presents optimization techniques including logical effort, particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm to design Opto-VLSI devices and circuits. Showcases the concepts of artificial intelligence and machine learning for smart medical devices and data auto-collection for distance treatment. Covers advanced Opto-VLSI devices including a field-effect transistor and optical sensors, spintronic and photonic devices. Highlights application of flexible electronics in health monitoring and artificial intelligence integration for better medical devices. The text presents the advances in the fields of optics and VLSI and their applicability in diverse areas including biomedical engineering and the healthcare sector. It covers important topics such as FET biosensors, optical biosensors and advanced optical materials. It further showcases the significance of smart technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and the internet of things for the biomedical and healthcare industries. It will serve as an ideal design book for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields including electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer engineering and biomedical engineering.

Direct Digital Synthesizers

Direct Digital Synthesizers

Author: Jouko Vankka

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 212

ISBN-13: 147573395X

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A major advantage of a direct digital synthesizer is that its output frequency, phase and amplitude can be precisely and rapidly manipulated under digital processor control. This book was written to find possible applications for radio communication systems.


Book Synopsis Direct Digital Synthesizers by : Jouko Vankka

Download or read book Direct Digital Synthesizers written by Jouko Vankka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major advantage of a direct digital synthesizer is that its output frequency, phase and amplitude can be precisely and rapidly manipulated under digital processor control. This book was written to find possible applications for radio communication systems.

Index to IEEE Publications

Index to IEEE Publications

Author: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Publisher:

Published: 1980

Total Pages: 666

ISBN-13:

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Issues for 1973- cover the entire IEEE technical literature.


Book Synopsis Index to IEEE Publications by : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Download or read book Index to IEEE Publications written by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues for 1973- cover the entire IEEE technical literature.

Time-to-Digital Converters

Time-to-Digital Converters

Author: Stephan Henzler

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-03-10

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 9048186285

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Micro-electronics and so integrated circuit design are heavily driven by technology scaling. The main engine of scaling is an increased system performance at reduced manufacturing cost (per system). In most systems digital circuits dominate with respect to die area and functional complexity. Digital building blocks take full - vantage of reduced device geometries in terms of area, power per functionality, and switching speed. On the other hand, analog circuits rely not on the fast transition speed between a few discrete states but fairly on the actual shape of the trans- tor characteristic. Technology scaling continuously degrades these characteristics with respect to analog performance parameters like output resistance or intrinsic gain. Below the 100 nm technology node the design of analog and mixed-signal circuits becomes perceptibly more dif cult. This is particularly true for low supply voltages near to 1V or below. The result is not only an increased design effort but also a growing power consumption. The area shrinks considerably less than p- dicted by the digital scaling factor. Obviously, both effects are contradictory to the original goal of scaling. However, digital circuits become faster, smaller, and less power hungry. The fast switching transitions reduce the susceptibility to noise, e. g. icker noise in the transistors. There are also a few drawbacks like the generation of power supply noise or the lack of power supply rejection.


Book Synopsis Time-to-Digital Converters by : Stephan Henzler

Download or read book Time-to-Digital Converters written by Stephan Henzler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro-electronics and so integrated circuit design are heavily driven by technology scaling. The main engine of scaling is an increased system performance at reduced manufacturing cost (per system). In most systems digital circuits dominate with respect to die area and functional complexity. Digital building blocks take full - vantage of reduced device geometries in terms of area, power per functionality, and switching speed. On the other hand, analog circuits rely not on the fast transition speed between a few discrete states but fairly on the actual shape of the trans- tor characteristic. Technology scaling continuously degrades these characteristics with respect to analog performance parameters like output resistance or intrinsic gain. Below the 100 nm technology node the design of analog and mixed-signal circuits becomes perceptibly more dif cult. This is particularly true for low supply voltages near to 1V or below. The result is not only an increased design effort but also a growing power consumption. The area shrinks considerably less than p- dicted by the digital scaling factor. Obviously, both effects are contradictory to the original goal of scaling. However, digital circuits become faster, smaller, and less power hungry. The fast switching transitions reduce the susceptibility to noise, e. g. icker noise in the transistors. There are also a few drawbacks like the generation of power supply noise or the lack of power supply rejection.

Design, Modeling and Testing of Data Converters

Design, Modeling and Testing of Data Converters

Author: Paolo Carbone

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-10-05

Total Pages: 428

ISBN-13: 3642396550

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This book presents the a scientific discussion of the state-of-the-art techniques and designs for modeling, testing and for the performance analysis of data converters. The focus is put on sustainable data conversion. Sustainability has become a public issue that industries and users can not ignore. Devising environmentally friendly solutions for data conversion designing, modeling and testing is nowadays a requirement that researchers and practitioners must consider in their activities. This book presents the outcome of the IWADC workshop 2011, held in Orvieto, Italy.


Book Synopsis Design, Modeling and Testing of Data Converters by : Paolo Carbone

Download or read book Design, Modeling and Testing of Data Converters written by Paolo Carbone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-05 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the a scientific discussion of the state-of-the-art techniques and designs for modeling, testing and for the performance analysis of data converters. The focus is put on sustainable data conversion. Sustainability has become a public issue that industries and users can not ignore. Devising environmentally friendly solutions for data conversion designing, modeling and testing is nowadays a requirement that researchers and practitioners must consider in their activities. This book presents the outcome of the IWADC workshop 2011, held in Orvieto, Italy.

Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters

Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters

Author: Simon Louwsma

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-09-08

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 9048197163

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Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters describes the research performed on low-power time-interleaved ADCs. A detailed theoretical analysis is made of the time-interleaved Track & Hold, since it must be capable of handling signals in the GHz range with little distortion, and minimal power consumption. Timing calibration is not attractive, therefore design techniques are presented which do not require timing calibration. The design of power efficient sub-ADCs is addressed with a theoretical analysis of a successive approximation converter and a pipeline converter. It turns out that the first can consume about 10 times less power than the latter, and this conclusion is supported by literature. Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters describes the design of a high performance time-interleaved ADC, with much attention for practical design aspects, aiming at both industry and research. Measurements show best-inclass performance with a sample-rate of 1.8 GS/s, 7.9 ENOBs and a power efficiency of 1 pJ/conversion-step.


Book Synopsis Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters by : Simon Louwsma

Download or read book Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters written by Simon Louwsma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters describes the research performed on low-power time-interleaved ADCs. A detailed theoretical analysis is made of the time-interleaved Track & Hold, since it must be capable of handling signals in the GHz range with little distortion, and minimal power consumption. Timing calibration is not attractive, therefore design techniques are presented which do not require timing calibration. The design of power efficient sub-ADCs is addressed with a theoretical analysis of a successive approximation converter and a pipeline converter. It turns out that the first can consume about 10 times less power than the latter, and this conclusion is supported by literature. Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters describes the design of a high performance time-interleaved ADC, with much attention for practical design aspects, aiming at both industry and research. Measurements show best-inclass performance with a sample-rate of 1.8 GS/s, 7.9 ENOBs and a power efficiency of 1 pJ/conversion-step.

Electronics for Radiation Detection

Electronics for Radiation Detection

Author: Krzysztof Iniewski

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-09-03

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 1439858845

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There is a growing need to understand and combat potential radiation damage problems in semiconductor devices and circuits. Assessing the billion-dollar market for detection equipment in the context of medical imaging using ionizing radiation, Electronics for Radiation Detection presents valuable information that will help integrated circuit (IC) designers and other electronics professionals take full advantage of the tremendous developments and opportunities associated with this burgeoning field. Assembling contributions from industrial and academic experts, this book— Addresses the state of the art in the design of semiconductor detectors, integrated circuits, and other electronics used in radiation detection Analyzes the main effects of radiation in semiconductor devices and circuits, paying special attention to degradation observed in MOS devices and circuits when they are irradiated Explains how circuits are built to deal with radiation, focusing on practical information about how they are being used, rather than mathematical details Radiation detection is critical in space applications, nuclear physics, semiconductor processing, and medical imaging, as well as security, drug development, and modern silicon processing techniques. The authors discuss new opportunities in these fields and address emerging detector technologies, circuit design techniques, new materials, and innovative system approaches. Aimed at postgraduate researchers and practicing engineers, this book is a must for those serious about improving their understanding of electronics used in radiation detection. The information presented here can help you make optimal use of electronic detection equipment and stimulate further interest in its development, use, and benefits.


Book Synopsis Electronics for Radiation Detection by : Krzysztof Iniewski

Download or read book Electronics for Radiation Detection written by Krzysztof Iniewski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing need to understand and combat potential radiation damage problems in semiconductor devices and circuits. Assessing the billion-dollar market for detection equipment in the context of medical imaging using ionizing radiation, Electronics for Radiation Detection presents valuable information that will help integrated circuit (IC) designers and other electronics professionals take full advantage of the tremendous developments and opportunities associated with this burgeoning field. Assembling contributions from industrial and academic experts, this book— Addresses the state of the art in the design of semiconductor detectors, integrated circuits, and other electronics used in radiation detection Analyzes the main effects of radiation in semiconductor devices and circuits, paying special attention to degradation observed in MOS devices and circuits when they are irradiated Explains how circuits are built to deal with radiation, focusing on practical information about how they are being used, rather than mathematical details Radiation detection is critical in space applications, nuclear physics, semiconductor processing, and medical imaging, as well as security, drug development, and modern silicon processing techniques. The authors discuss new opportunities in these fields and address emerging detector technologies, circuit design techniques, new materials, and innovative system approaches. Aimed at postgraduate researchers and practicing engineers, this book is a must for those serious about improving their understanding of electronics used in radiation detection. The information presented here can help you make optimal use of electronic detection equipment and stimulate further interest in its development, use, and benefits.

Photoplethysmography

Photoplethysmography

Author: Panicos A. Kyriacou

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2021-11-03

Total Pages: 508

ISBN-13: 012823525X

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Photoplethysmography: Technology, Signal Analysis, and Applications is the first comprehensive volume on the theory, principles, and technology (sensors and electronics) of photoplethysmography (PPG). It provides a detailed description of the current state-of-the-art technologies/optical components enabling the extreme miniaturization of such sensors, as well as comprehensive coverage of PPG signal analysis techniques including machine learning and artificial intelligence. The book also outlines the huge range of PPG applications in healthcare, with a strong focus on the contribution of PPG in wearable sensors and PPG for cardiovascular assessment. Presents the underlying principles and technology surrounding PPG Includes applications for healthcare and wellbeing Focuses on PPG in wearable sensors and devices Presents advanced signal analysis techniques Includes cutting-edge research, applications and future directions


Book Synopsis Photoplethysmography by : Panicos A. Kyriacou

Download or read book Photoplethysmography written by Panicos A. Kyriacou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-03 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoplethysmography: Technology, Signal Analysis, and Applications is the first comprehensive volume on the theory, principles, and technology (sensors and electronics) of photoplethysmography (PPG). It provides a detailed description of the current state-of-the-art technologies/optical components enabling the extreme miniaturization of such sensors, as well as comprehensive coverage of PPG signal analysis techniques including machine learning and artificial intelligence. The book also outlines the huge range of PPG applications in healthcare, with a strong focus on the contribution of PPG in wearable sensors and PPG for cardiovascular assessment. Presents the underlying principles and technology surrounding PPG Includes applications for healthcare and wellbeing Focuses on PPG in wearable sensors and devices Presents advanced signal analysis techniques Includes cutting-edge research, applications and future directions

Structural Biology

Structural Biology

Author: Quincy Teng

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2005-05-26

Total Pages: 302

ISBN-13: 0387243674

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Over the years since NMR was first applied to solve problems in structural biology, it has undergonedramaticdevelopmentsinbothNMRinstrumenthardwareandmethodology. While it is established that NMR is one of the most powerful tools for understanding biological p- cesses at the atomic level, it has become increasingly difficult for authors and instructors to make valid decisions concerning the content and level for a graduate course of NMR in str- turalbiology. BecausemanyofthedetailsinpracticalNMRarenotdocumentedsystematically, students entering the field have to learn the experiments and methods through communication with other experienced students or experts. Often such a learning process is incomplete and unsystematic. This book is meant to be not only a textbook, but also a handbook for those who routinely use NMR to study various biological systems. Thus, the book is organized with experimentalists in mind, whether they are instructors or students. For those who have a little or no background in NMR structural biology, it is hoped that this book will provide sufficient perspective and insight. Those who are already experienced in NMR research may find new information or different methods that are useful to their research. Because understanding fundamental principles and concepts of NMR spectroscopy is essential for the application of NMR methods to research projects, the book begins with an introduction to basic NMR principles. While detailed mathematics and quantum mechanics dealing with NMR theory have been addressed in several well-known NMR books, Chapter 1 illustrates some of the fundamental principles and concepts of NMR spectroscopy in a more descriptiveandstraightforwardmanner.


Book Synopsis Structural Biology by : Quincy Teng

Download or read book Structural Biology written by Quincy Teng and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-05-26 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years since NMR was first applied to solve problems in structural biology, it has undergonedramaticdevelopmentsinbothNMRinstrumenthardwareandmethodology. While it is established that NMR is one of the most powerful tools for understanding biological p- cesses at the atomic level, it has become increasingly difficult for authors and instructors to make valid decisions concerning the content and level for a graduate course of NMR in str- turalbiology. BecausemanyofthedetailsinpracticalNMRarenotdocumentedsystematically, students entering the field have to learn the experiments and methods through communication with other experienced students or experts. Often such a learning process is incomplete and unsystematic. This book is meant to be not only a textbook, but also a handbook for those who routinely use NMR to study various biological systems. Thus, the book is organized with experimentalists in mind, whether they are instructors or students. For those who have a little or no background in NMR structural biology, it is hoped that this book will provide sufficient perspective and insight. Those who are already experienced in NMR research may find new information or different methods that are useful to their research. Because understanding fundamental principles and concepts of NMR spectroscopy is essential for the application of NMR methods to research projects, the book begins with an introduction to basic NMR principles. While detailed mathematics and quantum mechanics dealing with NMR theory have been addressed in several well-known NMR books, Chapter 1 illustrates some of the fundamental principles and concepts of NMR spectroscopy in a more descriptiveandstraightforwardmanner.