We Lived to Tell the Nyayo House Story

We Lived to Tell the Nyayo House Story

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 96

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK


Book Synopsis We Lived to Tell the Nyayo House Story by :

Download or read book We Lived to Tell the Nyayo House Story written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Narrating the Self and Nation in Kenyan Autobiographical Writings

Narrating the Self and Nation in Kenyan Autobiographical Writings

Author: Samuel Ndogo

Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 3643906617

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Author Samuel Ndogo offers an understanding of the autobiographical genre in contemporary Kenyan literature. He draws attention to life-writing as a form of cultural re-imagination in post-colonial Africa. Taking into consideration contradictions and paradoxes of referentiality in life writing, this book examines the autobiographies of Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Wangari Maathai, and Bethwell Ogot. The analysis dwells on self-representations in correlation with imaginations of the 'Kenyan nation' in these works. Thus, the study gives a critical account into the modern memoir: the forms and styles it takes, the ways in which these authors tend to understand and present their lives. (Series: Contributions to African Research / Beitr�¤ge zur Afrikaforschung, Vol. 63) [Subject: African Studies, Literary Criticism]����


Book Synopsis Narrating the Self and Nation in Kenyan Autobiographical Writings by : Samuel Ndogo

Download or read book Narrating the Self and Nation in Kenyan Autobiographical Writings written by Samuel Ndogo and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2016 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author Samuel Ndogo offers an understanding of the autobiographical genre in contemporary Kenyan literature. He draws attention to life-writing as a form of cultural re-imagination in post-colonial Africa. Taking into consideration contradictions and paradoxes of referentiality in life writing, this book examines the autobiographies of Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Wangari Maathai, and Bethwell Ogot. The analysis dwells on self-representations in correlation with imaginations of the 'Kenyan nation' in these works. Thus, the study gives a critical account into the modern memoir: the forms and styles it takes, the ways in which these authors tend to understand and present their lives. (Series: Contributions to African Research / BeitrÃ?¤ge zur Afrikaforschung, Vol. 63) [Subject: African Studies, Literary Criticism]Ã?Â?Ã?Â?


Mukami Kimathi: Mau Mau Woman Freedom Fighter

Mukami Kimathi: Mau Mau Woman Freedom Fighter

Author: Nderitu, Wairimu

Publisher: Mdahalo Bridging Divides

Published: 2019-07-02

Total Pages: 397

ISBN-13: 9966190325

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Mũkami Kĩmathi: Mau Mau Woman Freedom Fighter is the story of the brave wife of one of Kenya’s foremost freedom fighters, Field Marshal Dedan Kĩmathi Waciũri. Kĩmathi led the Mau Mau war in Kenya’s independence struggle against the British colonialists. Mũkami’s role as a daughter, wife, mother, freedom fighter and leader is varied and very complex. Her story spans pre and post-independent Kenya. Her experiences provide an important complement to existing written literature on Kenya’s history. In 2003, the Mwai Kĩbakĩ Government lifted the ban put in place by the British colonialists declaring the Mau Mau as terrorists, and recognised Mũkami Kĩmathi and other freedom fighters as national heroes and heroines celebrated on 20th October as Mashujaa Day. This book gives an insight into the role of women freedom fighters and the struggles they faced both during and after the war. It is an incredible story of immense self-sacrifice and love for Kenya. Mũkami provides the lens to see the wider picture of women in the independence struggle, the neglect and betrayal of wives of Mau Mau fighters in particular and women in general in Kenya’s making. Beyond her role in the independence struggle, Mũkami’s story has many historical highlights such as time shared with Kĩmathi, meeting Nelson Mandela and her fruitful and strong relationship with Kenya’s human rights movement.


Book Synopsis Mukami Kimathi: Mau Mau Woman Freedom Fighter by : Nderitu, Wairimu

Download or read book Mukami Kimathi: Mau Mau Woman Freedom Fighter written by Nderitu, Wairimu and published by Mdahalo Bridging Divides. This book was released on 2019-07-02 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mũkami Kĩmathi: Mau Mau Woman Freedom Fighter is the story of the brave wife of one of Kenya’s foremost freedom fighters, Field Marshal Dedan Kĩmathi Waciũri. Kĩmathi led the Mau Mau war in Kenya’s independence struggle against the British colonialists. Mũkami’s role as a daughter, wife, mother, freedom fighter and leader is varied and very complex. Her story spans pre and post-independent Kenya. Her experiences provide an important complement to existing written literature on Kenya’s history. In 2003, the Mwai Kĩbakĩ Government lifted the ban put in place by the British colonialists declaring the Mau Mau as terrorists, and recognised Mũkami Kĩmathi and other freedom fighters as national heroes and heroines celebrated on 20th October as Mashujaa Day. This book gives an insight into the role of women freedom fighters and the struggles they faced both during and after the war. It is an incredible story of immense self-sacrifice and love for Kenya. Mũkami provides the lens to see the wider picture of women in the independence struggle, the neglect and betrayal of wives of Mau Mau fighters in particular and women in general in Kenya’s making. Beyond her role in the independence struggle, Mũkami’s story has many historical highlights such as time shared with Kĩmathi, meeting Nelson Mandela and her fruitful and strong relationship with Kenya’s human rights movement.


A Death Retold in Truth and Rumour

A Death Retold in Truth and Rumour

Author: Grace A. Musila

Publisher: Boydell & Brewer

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 235

ISBN-13: 1847011276

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Re-examines this unresolved murder in Kenya and the underlying role of rumour, the media and inter-state relations on how the death has been reported and investigated.


Book Synopsis A Death Retold in Truth and Rumour by : Grace A. Musila

Download or read book A Death Retold in Truth and Rumour written by Grace A. Musila and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2015 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Re-examines this unresolved murder in Kenya and the underlying role of rumour, the media and inter-state relations on how the death has been reported and investigated.


Disability and Social Justice in Kenya

Disability and Social Justice in Kenya

Author: Nina Berman

Publisher: University of Michigan Press

Published: 2022-05-19

Total Pages: 331

ISBN-13: 0472220152

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Disability in Africa has received significant attention as a dimension of global development and humanitarian initiatives. Little international attention is given, however, to the ways in which disability is discussed and addressed in specific countries in Africa. Little is known also about the ways in which persons with disabilities have advocated for themselves over the past one hundred years and how their needs were or were not met in locations across the continent. Kenya has been on the forefront of disability activism and disability rights since the middle of the twentieth century. The country was among the first African states to create a legal framework addressing the rights of persons with disabilities, namely the Persons with Disabilities Act of 2003. Kenya, however, has a much longer history of institutions and organizations that are dedicated to addressing the specific needs of persons with disabilities, and substantial developments have occurred since the introduction of the legal framework in 2003. Disability and Social Justice in Kenya: Scholars, Policymakers, and Activists in Conversation is the first interdisciplinary and multivocal study of its kind to review achievements and challenges related to the situation of persons with disabilities in Kenya today, in light of the country’s longer history of disability and the wide range of local practices and institutions. It brings together scholars, activists, and policymakers who comment on topics including education, the role of activism, the legal framework, culture, the impact of the media, and the importance of families and the community.


Book Synopsis Disability and Social Justice in Kenya by : Nina Berman

Download or read book Disability and Social Justice in Kenya written by Nina Berman and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disability in Africa has received significant attention as a dimension of global development and humanitarian initiatives. Little international attention is given, however, to the ways in which disability is discussed and addressed in specific countries in Africa. Little is known also about the ways in which persons with disabilities have advocated for themselves over the past one hundred years and how their needs were or were not met in locations across the continent. Kenya has been on the forefront of disability activism and disability rights since the middle of the twentieth century. The country was among the first African states to create a legal framework addressing the rights of persons with disabilities, namely the Persons with Disabilities Act of 2003. Kenya, however, has a much longer history of institutions and organizations that are dedicated to addressing the specific needs of persons with disabilities, and substantial developments have occurred since the introduction of the legal framework in 2003. Disability and Social Justice in Kenya: Scholars, Policymakers, and Activists in Conversation is the first interdisciplinary and multivocal study of its kind to review achievements and challenges related to the situation of persons with disabilities in Kenya today, in light of the country’s longer history of disability and the wide range of local practices and institutions. It brings together scholars, activists, and policymakers who comment on topics including education, the role of activism, the legal framework, culture, the impact of the media, and the importance of families and the community.


Remaking the urban

Remaking the urban

Author: Naomi Roux

Publisher: Manchester University Press

Published: 2021-01-26

Total Pages: 299

ISBN-13: 1526140306

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

After the end of the apartheid regime in the 1990s, South Africa experienced a boom in new heritage and commemorative projects. These ranged from huge new museums and monuments to small community museums and grassroots memory work. At the same time, South African cities have continued to grapple with the difficulties of overcoming entrenched inequalities and divisions. Urban spaces are deep repositories of memory, and also sites in need of radical transformation. Remaking the Urban examines the intersections between post-apartheid urban transformation and the politics of heritage-making in divided cities, using the Nelson Mandela Bay Metro in South Africa’s Eastern Cape as a case study. Roux unpacks the processes by which some narratives and histories become officially inscribed in public space, while others are visible only through alternative, ephemeral or subversive means. Including discussions of the history of the Red Location Museum of Struggle; memorialisation of urban forced removals; the heritage politics and transformative potential of public art; and strategies for making visible memories and histories of former anti-apartheid youth activist groups in the city’s townships, Roux examines how these twin processes of memory-making and change have played out in Nelson Mandela Bay.


Book Synopsis Remaking the urban by : Naomi Roux

Download or read book Remaking the urban written by Naomi Roux and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the end of the apartheid regime in the 1990s, South Africa experienced a boom in new heritage and commemorative projects. These ranged from huge new museums and monuments to small community museums and grassroots memory work. At the same time, South African cities have continued to grapple with the difficulties of overcoming entrenched inequalities and divisions. Urban spaces are deep repositories of memory, and also sites in need of radical transformation. Remaking the Urban examines the intersections between post-apartheid urban transformation and the politics of heritage-making in divided cities, using the Nelson Mandela Bay Metro in South Africa’s Eastern Cape as a case study. Roux unpacks the processes by which some narratives and histories become officially inscribed in public space, while others are visible only through alternative, ephemeral or subversive means. Including discussions of the history of the Red Location Museum of Struggle; memorialisation of urban forced removals; the heritage politics and transformative potential of public art; and strategies for making visible memories and histories of former anti-apartheid youth activist groups in the city’s townships, Roux examines how these twin processes of memory-making and change have played out in Nelson Mandela Bay.


Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides

Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides

Author: Nderitu, Alice Wairimu

Publisher: Mdahalo Bridging Divides

Published: 2018-12-12

Total Pages: 566

ISBN-13: 9966190317

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC) was set up to facilitate and promote equality of opportunity, good relations, harmony and peaceful coexistence between persons of the different ethnic and racial communities of Kenya, and to advise the Government on all aspects thereof after the violence that followed the December 2007 elections. In Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides: A Commissioner’s Experience on Cohesion and Integration, Commissioner Alice Wairimũ Nderitũ looks behind the scenes at the NCIC’s efforts to ensure peaceful co-existence. Such as, working with elders, mediating confidentially between political leaders at the highest levels and co-founding and working as first Co-Chair of Uwiano Platform for Peace, a conflict prevention agency largely credited with leading efforts in ensuring peaceful processes during the 2010 Constitutional referendum and 2013 General elections. The book tells of NCIC’s efforts in grappling with the seemingly intractable problem of managing the negative consequence of ethnic differences on questions such as: Why is Kenya so ethnically polarised? Why is an ethnic group the key defining factor in Kenyan politics? What hope is there for an inclusive Kenya? The book shows that positive policies and intra- and inter-ethnic spaces can be used to counter negative influences that lead to fear, exclusion and violence. The diversity of Kenya’s ethnicities and races need not be a pretext for conflict, but a source of truly national identity. It proves that dialogue on understanding differences and commonalities leads to improved relationships and understanding on societal dynamics. This in turn, contributes to preventing and transforming conflicts through appropriate inclusion policies, identifying entry points for change as well as opportunities to tackle the norms and behaviours that underpin structural disparities.


Book Synopsis Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides by : Nderitu, Alice Wairimu

Download or read book Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides written by Nderitu, Alice Wairimu and published by Mdahalo Bridging Divides. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC) was set up to facilitate and promote equality of opportunity, good relations, harmony and peaceful coexistence between persons of the different ethnic and racial communities of Kenya, and to advise the Government on all aspects thereof after the violence that followed the December 2007 elections. In Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides: A Commissioner’s Experience on Cohesion and Integration, Commissioner Alice Wairimũ Nderitũ looks behind the scenes at the NCIC’s efforts to ensure peaceful co-existence. Such as, working with elders, mediating confidentially between political leaders at the highest levels and co-founding and working as first Co-Chair of Uwiano Platform for Peace, a conflict prevention agency largely credited with leading efforts in ensuring peaceful processes during the 2010 Constitutional referendum and 2013 General elections. The book tells of NCIC’s efforts in grappling with the seemingly intractable problem of managing the negative consequence of ethnic differences on questions such as: Why is Kenya so ethnically polarised? Why is an ethnic group the key defining factor in Kenyan politics? What hope is there for an inclusive Kenya? The book shows that positive policies and intra- and inter-ethnic spaces can be used to counter negative influences that lead to fear, exclusion and violence. The diversity of Kenya’s ethnicities and races need not be a pretext for conflict, but a source of truly national identity. It proves that dialogue on understanding differences and commonalities leads to improved relationships and understanding on societal dynamics. This in turn, contributes to preventing and transforming conflicts through appropriate inclusion policies, identifying entry points for change as well as opportunities to tackle the norms and behaviours that underpin structural disparities.


Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides

Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides

Author: Wairimu Nderitu

Publisher: African Books Collective

Published: 2018-12-12

Total Pages: 566

ISBN-13: 9966190333

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC) was set up to facilitate and promote equality of opportunity, good relations, harmony and peaceful coexistence between persons of the different ethnic and racial communities of Kenya, and to advise the Government on all aspects thereof after the violence that followed the December 2007 elections. In Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides: A Commissioners Experience on Cohesion and Integration, Commissioner Alice Wairimu Nderitu looks behind the scenes at the NCICs efforts to ensure peaceful co-existence. Such as, working with elders, mediating confidentially between political leaders at the highest levels and co-founding and working as first Co-Chair of Uwiano Platform for Peace, a conflict prevention agency largely credited with leading efforts in ensuring peaceful processes during the 2010 Constitutional referendum and 2013 General elections. The book tells of NCICs efforts in grappling with the seemingly intractable problem of managing the negative consequence of ethnic differences on questions such as: Why is Kenya so ethnically polarised? Why is an ethnic group the key defining factor in Kenyan politics? What hope is there for an inclusive Kenya? The book shows that positive policies and intra- and inter-ethnic spaces can be used to counter negative influences that lead to fear, exclusion and violence. The diversity of Kenyas ethnicities and races need not be a pretext for conflict, but a source of truly national identity. It proves that dialogue on understanding differences and commonalities leads to improved relationships and understanding on societal dynamics. This in turn, contributes to preventing and transforming conflicts through appropriate inclusion policies, identifying entry points for change as well as opportunities to tackle the norms and behaviours that underpin structural disparities.


Book Synopsis Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides by : Wairimu Nderitu

Download or read book Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides written by Wairimu Nderitu and published by African Books Collective. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC) was set up to facilitate and promote equality of opportunity, good relations, harmony and peaceful coexistence between persons of the different ethnic and racial communities of Kenya, and to advise the Government on all aspects thereof after the violence that followed the December 2007 elections. In Kenya, Bridging Ethnic Divides: A Commissioners Experience on Cohesion and Integration, Commissioner Alice Wairimu Nderitu looks behind the scenes at the NCICs efforts to ensure peaceful co-existence. Such as, working with elders, mediating confidentially between political leaders at the highest levels and co-founding and working as first Co-Chair of Uwiano Platform for Peace, a conflict prevention agency largely credited with leading efforts in ensuring peaceful processes during the 2010 Constitutional referendum and 2013 General elections. The book tells of NCICs efforts in grappling with the seemingly intractable problem of managing the negative consequence of ethnic differences on questions such as: Why is Kenya so ethnically polarised? Why is an ethnic group the key defining factor in Kenyan politics? What hope is there for an inclusive Kenya? The book shows that positive policies and intra- and inter-ethnic spaces can be used to counter negative influences that lead to fear, exclusion and violence. The diversity of Kenyas ethnicities and races need not be a pretext for conflict, but a source of truly national identity. It proves that dialogue on understanding differences and commonalities leads to improved relationships and understanding on societal dynamics. This in turn, contributes to preventing and transforming conflicts through appropriate inclusion policies, identifying entry points for change as well as opportunities to tackle the norms and behaviours that underpin structural disparities.


African Human Rights Law Reports 2010

African Human Rights Law Reports 2010

Author:

Publisher: Pretoria University Law Press

Published: 2013-01-01

Total Pages: 271

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

African Human Rights Law Reports 2010 Edited by The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights & the Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria 2013 ISSN: 1812-2418 Pages: xxxi 239 Print version: Available Electronic version: Free PDF available About the publication The African Human Rights Law Reports include cases decided by the United Nations human rights treaty bodies, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, subregional courts in Africa and domestic judgments from different African countries. The Reports are a joint publication of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa. PULP also publishes the French version of these Reports, Recueil Africain des Décisions des Droits Humains. The Reports, as well as other material of relevance to human rights law in Africa, may be found on the website of the Centre for Human Rights at www.chr.up.ac.za. Hard copies of the Reports can be obtained from the Centre for Human Rights. Editorial changes have been kept to a minimum, and are confined to changes that are required to ensure consistency in style (with regard to abbreviations, capitalisation, punctuation and quotes) and to avoid obvious errors related to presentation. Cases from national courts that would be of interest to include in future issues of the Reports may be brought to the attention of the editors at: Centre for Human Rights Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002 South Africa Fax: + 27 12 362-5125 E-mail: [email protected] Table of Contents Editorial User guide Abbreviations Case law on the internet TABLES AND INDEXES Table of cases Alphabetical table of cases Subject index International instruments referred to International case law considered African Commission decisions according to communication numbers CASES United Nations human rights treaty bodies African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights Sub-regional courts Domestic decisions


Book Synopsis African Human Rights Law Reports 2010 by :

Download or read book African Human Rights Law Reports 2010 written by and published by Pretoria University Law Press. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Human Rights Law Reports 2010 Edited by The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights & the Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria 2013 ISSN: 1812-2418 Pages: xxxi 239 Print version: Available Electronic version: Free PDF available About the publication The African Human Rights Law Reports include cases decided by the United Nations human rights treaty bodies, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, subregional courts in Africa and domestic judgments from different African countries. The Reports are a joint publication of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa. PULP also publishes the French version of these Reports, Recueil Africain des Décisions des Droits Humains. The Reports, as well as other material of relevance to human rights law in Africa, may be found on the website of the Centre for Human Rights at www.chr.up.ac.za. Hard copies of the Reports can be obtained from the Centre for Human Rights. Editorial changes have been kept to a minimum, and are confined to changes that are required to ensure consistency in style (with regard to abbreviations, capitalisation, punctuation and quotes) and to avoid obvious errors related to presentation. Cases from national courts that would be of interest to include in future issues of the Reports may be brought to the attention of the editors at: Centre for Human Rights Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002 South Africa Fax: + 27 12 362-5125 E-mail: [email protected] Table of Contents Editorial User guide Abbreviations Case law on the internet TABLES AND INDEXES Table of cases Alphabetical table of cases Subject index International instruments referred to International case law considered African Commission decisions according to communication numbers CASES United Nations human rights treaty bodies African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights Sub-regional courts Domestic decisions


I Say to You

I Say to You

Author: Gabrielle Lynch

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2011-09-26

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 0226498093

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

In 2007 a disputed election in Kenya erupted into a two-month political crisis that led to the deaths of more than a thousand people and the displacement of almost seven hundred thousand. Much of the violence fell along ethnic lines, the principal perpetrators of which were the Kalenjin, who lashed out at other communities in the Rift Valley. What makes this episode remarkable compared to many other instances of ethnic violence is that the Kalenjin community is a recent construct: the group has only existed since the mid-twentieth century. Drawing on rich archival research and vivid oral testimony, I Say to You is a timely analysis of the creation, development, political relevance, and popular appeal of the Kalenjin identity as well as its violent potential. Uncovering the Kalenjin’s roots, Gabrielle Lynch examines the ways in which ethnic groups are socially constructed and renegotiated over time. She demonstrates how historical narratives of collective achievement, migration, injustice, and persecution constantly evolve. As a consequence, ethnic identities help politicians mobilize support and help ordinary people lay claim to space, power, and wealth. This kind of ethnic politics, Lynch reveals, encourages a sense of ethnic difference and competition, which can spiral into violent confrontation and retribution.


Book Synopsis I Say to You by : Gabrielle Lynch

Download or read book I Say to You written by Gabrielle Lynch and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2007 a disputed election in Kenya erupted into a two-month political crisis that led to the deaths of more than a thousand people and the displacement of almost seven hundred thousand. Much of the violence fell along ethnic lines, the principal perpetrators of which were the Kalenjin, who lashed out at other communities in the Rift Valley. What makes this episode remarkable compared to many other instances of ethnic violence is that the Kalenjin community is a recent construct: the group has only existed since the mid-twentieth century. Drawing on rich archival research and vivid oral testimony, I Say to You is a timely analysis of the creation, development, political relevance, and popular appeal of the Kalenjin identity as well as its violent potential. Uncovering the Kalenjin’s roots, Gabrielle Lynch examines the ways in which ethnic groups are socially constructed and renegotiated over time. She demonstrates how historical narratives of collective achievement, migration, injustice, and persecution constantly evolve. As a consequence, ethnic identities help politicians mobilize support and help ordinary people lay claim to space, power, and wealth. This kind of ethnic politics, Lynch reveals, encourages a sense of ethnic difference and competition, which can spiral into violent confrontation and retribution.