Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965

Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965

Author: Morris J. MacGregor

Publisher: e-artnow

Published: 2020-06-18

Total Pages: 628

ISBN-13:

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"In the quarter century that followed American entry into World War II, the nation's armed forces moved from the reluctant inclusion of a few segregated Negroes to their routine acceptance in a racially integrated military establishment. Nor was this change confined to military installations. By the time it was over, the armed forces had redefined their traditional obligation for the welfare of their members to include a promise of equal treatment for black servicemen wherever they might be. In the name of equality of treatment and opportunity, the Department of Defense began to challenge racial injustices deeply rooted in American society. For all its sweeping implications, equality in the armed forces obviously had its pragmatic aspects. In one sense it was a practical answer to pressing political problems that had plagued several national administrations. In another, it was the services' expression of those liberalizing tendencies that were permeating American society during the era of civil rights activism. But to a considerable extent the policy of racial equality that evolved in this quarter century was also a response to the need for military efficiency. So easy did it become to demonstrate the connection between inefficiency and discrimination that, even when other reasons existed, military efficiency was the one most often evoked by defense officials to justify a change in racial policy."_x000D_ Morris J. MacGregor, Jr., received the A.B. and M.A. degrees in history from the Catholic University of America. He continued his graduate studies at the Johns Hopkins University and the University of Paris on a Fulbright grant. Before joining the staff of the U.S. Army Center of Military History in 1968 he served for ten years in the Historical Division of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.


Book Synopsis Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 by : Morris J. MacGregor

Download or read book Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 written by Morris J. MacGregor and published by e-artnow. This book was released on 2020-06-18 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the quarter century that followed American entry into World War II, the nation's armed forces moved from the reluctant inclusion of a few segregated Negroes to their routine acceptance in a racially integrated military establishment. Nor was this change confined to military installations. By the time it was over, the armed forces had redefined their traditional obligation for the welfare of their members to include a promise of equal treatment for black servicemen wherever they might be. In the name of equality of treatment and opportunity, the Department of Defense began to challenge racial injustices deeply rooted in American society. For all its sweeping implications, equality in the armed forces obviously had its pragmatic aspects. In one sense it was a practical answer to pressing political problems that had plagued several national administrations. In another, it was the services' expression of those liberalizing tendencies that were permeating American society during the era of civil rights activism. But to a considerable extent the policy of racial equality that evolved in this quarter century was also a response to the need for military efficiency. So easy did it become to demonstrate the connection between inefficiency and discrimination that, even when other reasons existed, military efficiency was the one most often evoked by defense officials to justify a change in racial policy."_x000D_ Morris J. MacGregor, Jr., received the A.B. and M.A. degrees in history from the Catholic University of America. He continued his graduate studies at the Johns Hopkins University and the University of Paris on a Fulbright grant. Before joining the staff of the U.S. Army Center of Military History in 1968 he served for ten years in the Historical Division of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.


The Status of Gender Integration in the Military. Supporting Appendices

The Status of Gender Integration in the Military. Supporting Appendices

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Women's participation in the military has been restricted since gender integration began. About 33,000 women served in World War I - 20,000 of them in the Army and Navy Nurse Corps, which were separate from the regular Army and Navy. In World War II, manpower shortages and reports of valuable performance by women in other countries' armed forces led the United States to utilize approximately 350,000 women for its own military effort. The attack on pearl Harbor resulted in the creation of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES). Women typically filled nursing and administrative jobs, which were consistent with civilian women's work, although they also served in all other noncombat jobs. These 350,000 women who served in World War II were regarded as temporary support that would free more men for combat. After the war, women's future role with the military was called into question. In 1948, the year when racial integration was mandated by president Truman, Congress passed the Women's Armed Services Integration Act, which placed highly specific limits on the women who would now be allowed to join the Army. Women could make up no more than 2 percent of the total enlisted ranks; the proportion of female officers could equal no more than 10 percent of enlisted women. No woman could serve in a command position, attain the rank of general, or hold permanent rank above lieutenant colonel. This Act specifically prohibited women from being assigned to aircraft or vessels engaged in combat missions.


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Download or read book The Status of Gender Integration in the Military. Supporting Appendices written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women's participation in the military has been restricted since gender integration began. About 33,000 women served in World War I - 20,000 of them in the Army and Navy Nurse Corps, which were separate from the regular Army and Navy. In World War II, manpower shortages and reports of valuable performance by women in other countries' armed forces led the United States to utilize approximately 350,000 women for its own military effort. The attack on pearl Harbor resulted in the creation of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES). Women typically filled nursing and administrative jobs, which were consistent with civilian women's work, although they also served in all other noncombat jobs. These 350,000 women who served in World War II were regarded as temporary support that would free more men for combat. After the war, women's future role with the military was called into question. In 1948, the year when racial integration was mandated by president Truman, Congress passed the Women's Armed Services Integration Act, which placed highly specific limits on the women who would now be allowed to join the Army. Women could make up no more than 2 percent of the total enlisted ranks; the proportion of female officers could equal no more than 10 percent of enlisted women. No woman could serve in a command position, attain the rank of general, or hold permanent rank above lieutenant colonel. This Act specifically prohibited women from being assigned to aircraft or vessels engaged in combat missions.


The Women's Army Corps, 1945-1978

The Women's Army Corps, 1945-1978

Author: Bettie J. Morden

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2011-09-26

Total Pages: 552

ISBN-13: 1105093565

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After yearsout of print, this new and redesigned book brings back the best and most complete history of the Women's Army Corps. Loaded with history, tables, charts, statistics, photos, personalities, and many useful appendices (including a history of WAC uniforms), The Women's Army Corps, 1945-1978 is must reading for anyone who served those years in the Army as well as for those who want a complete history of the modern-day military. Author Bettie Morden served from 1942-1972 and she used her experience and access to people and records to compile the definitive reference work. Col. Morden is a graduate of the WAC Officers' Advanced Course (1962); Command and General Staff College (1964); and the Army Management School (1965). She has been awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, the Joint Service Commendation Medal, and the Army Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster.


Book Synopsis The Women's Army Corps, 1945-1978 by : Bettie J. Morden

Download or read book The Women's Army Corps, 1945-1978 written by Bettie J. Morden and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After yearsout of print, this new and redesigned book brings back the best and most complete history of the Women's Army Corps. Loaded with history, tables, charts, statistics, photos, personalities, and many useful appendices (including a history of WAC uniforms), The Women's Army Corps, 1945-1978 is must reading for anyone who served those years in the Army as well as for those who want a complete history of the modern-day military. Author Bettie Morden served from 1942-1972 and she used her experience and access to people and records to compile the definitive reference work. Col. Morden is a graduate of the WAC Officers' Advanced Course (1962); Command and General Staff College (1964); and the Army Management School (1965). She has been awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, the Joint Service Commendation Medal, and the Army Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster.


Women's Army Corps

Women's Army Corps

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1956

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Download or read book Women's Army Corps written by and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1947

Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1947

Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services

Publisher:

Published: 1947

Total Pages: 124

ISBN-13:

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Considers (80) S. 1103, (80) S. 1527, (80) S. 1641.


Book Synopsis Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1947 by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services

Download or read book Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1947 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers (80) S. 1103, (80) S. 1527, (80) S. 1641.


Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1947. Hearings on S. 1641

Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1947. Hearings on S. 1641

Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services

Publisher:

Published: 1947

Total Pages: 120

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1947. Hearings on S. 1641 by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services

Download or read book Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1947. Hearings on S. 1641 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


The Women's Army Corps

The Women's Army Corps

Author: Mattie E. Treadwell

Publisher:

Published: 1954

Total Pages: 868

ISBN-13:

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Book Synopsis The Women's Army Corps by : Mattie E. Treadwell

Download or read book The Women's Army Corps written by Mattie E. Treadwell and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:


Free a Marine to Fight

Free a Marine to Fight

Author: Mary V. Stremlow

Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 48

ISBN-13:

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Marines in World War 2 Commemorative Series. Discusses how women Marines served in noncombat billets during World War 2. The title "Free a Marine to Fight" means that women Marines served in noncombat jobs so that male Marines could fight in battles. The Marines first began to recruit women after the Guadalcanal campaign in 1942. States that 17,672 women were serving in the Marine Corps Women's Reserve in June 1945. Illustrated with many black and white photographs.


Book Synopsis Free a Marine to Fight by : Mary V. Stremlow

Download or read book Free a Marine to Fight written by Mary V. Stremlow and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1994 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marines in World War 2 Commemorative Series. Discusses how women Marines served in noncombat billets during World War 2. The title "Free a Marine to Fight" means that women Marines served in noncombat jobs so that male Marines could fight in battles. The Marines first began to recruit women after the Guadalcanal campaign in 1942. States that 17,672 women were serving in the Marine Corps Women's Reserve in June 1945. Illustrated with many black and white photographs.


Women in the Military

Women in the Military

Author: Jeanne Holm

Publisher:

Published: 1982

Total Pages: 460

ISBN-13:

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An account of women's accomplishments in the Armed Forces inspite of limitations, and surveys legislative action behind the services.


Book Synopsis Women in the Military by : Jeanne Holm

Download or read book Women in the Military written by Jeanne Holm and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An account of women's accomplishments in the Armed Forces inspite of limitations, and surveys legislative action behind the services.


Women and Military Service

Women and Military Service

Author: Margaret Conrad Devilbiss

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 343

ISBN-13: 1428993096

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Book Synopsis Women and Military Service by : Margaret Conrad Devilbiss

Download or read book Women and Military Service written by Margaret Conrad Devilbiss and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1990 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: