The Collections of Chinese Award-Winning Bonsai

The Collections of Chinese Award-Winning Bonsai

Author: Su Benyi

Publisher: Strategic Book Publishing

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 258

ISBN-13: 9781622124893

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The Collections of Chinese Award-Winning Bonsai depicts this beautiful Chinese traditional fine art in stunning form. This is the country's first book dedicated to the outstanding works of bonsai. Bonsai is created in a pot with plants, rocks, soil, water and other materials. Through creativity and horticulture, these miniature plants can be shaped into beautiful little sceneries of nature. This lovely book showcases the award-winning bonsai (including first prize, grand prize and special award) from China's nationwide bonsai exhibition and bonsai expo's more than 200 outstanding works that were appraised by experts. The book describes the beauty of each winning bonsai and provides detailed information, such as height, type of bonsai and information on the artist. Su Ben is from Tianjin, China. He started the monthly magazine China's Flower Bonsai and was the director as well as chief editor. In 1988, he founded the Chinese Bonsai Artists Association. He served as executive chairman at the First China Bonsai Conference held in 1991 in Beijing. In 1992, he served as the Executive Chairman at the China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Bonsai Symposium and at the International Chinese Bonsai Competition held in Nanjing. Zhong Jinan was born in Shanghai and has multiple interests since childhood. He likes tending flowers and plants, but loves literary, calligraphy and painting even more. In his spare time, he is obsessed with the art of bonsai. He has written many articles about the maintenance, making and appreciation of bonsai. Publisher's website: www.ChinaPODG.com/SuBenYiandZhongJinan


Book Synopsis The Collections of Chinese Award-Winning Bonsai by : Su Benyi

Download or read book The Collections of Chinese Award-Winning Bonsai written by Su Benyi and published by Strategic Book Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Collections of Chinese Award-Winning Bonsai depicts this beautiful Chinese traditional fine art in stunning form. This is the country's first book dedicated to the outstanding works of bonsai. Bonsai is created in a pot with plants, rocks, soil, water and other materials. Through creativity and horticulture, these miniature plants can be shaped into beautiful little sceneries of nature. This lovely book showcases the award-winning bonsai (including first prize, grand prize and special award) from China's nationwide bonsai exhibition and bonsai expo's more than 200 outstanding works that were appraised by experts. The book describes the beauty of each winning bonsai and provides detailed information, such as height, type of bonsai and information on the artist. Su Ben is from Tianjin, China. He started the monthly magazine China's Flower Bonsai and was the director as well as chief editor. In 1988, he founded the Chinese Bonsai Artists Association. He served as executive chairman at the First China Bonsai Conference held in 1991 in Beijing. In 1992, he served as the Executive Chairman at the China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Bonsai Symposium and at the International Chinese Bonsai Competition held in Nanjing. Zhong Jinan was born in Shanghai and has multiple interests since childhood. He likes tending flowers and plants, but loves literary, calligraphy and painting even more. In his spare time, he is obsessed with the art of bonsai. He has written many articles about the maintenance, making and appreciation of bonsai. Publisher's website: www.ChinaPODG.com/SuBenYiandZhongJinan

Penjing: The Chinese Art of Bonsai

Penjing: The Chinese Art of Bonsai

Author: Qingquan Zhao

Publisher: Shanghai Press

Published: 2021-11-15

Total Pages: 684

ISBN-13: 193836872X

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With hundreds of color photographs and illustrations, this Chinese gardening book is a wonderful introduction to penjing—China's treasured bonsai art.Although most people thing bonsai is a Japanese invention, the art originated in ancient China where it is called penjing. The two Chinese characters for penjing ("pot" and "landscape") capture the essence of this art: sculpting microcosms of the beauty of the natural world from plants, rocks, soil, and water, both as an artistic process and as horticultural cultivation.Both penjing and bonsai are art forms that express the beauty of nature. In China, bonsai, as a part of penjing, is often called "tree penjing," or "tree in a pot." The Chinese divide penjing into three categories: tree penjing, rock penjing, and water-and-land penjing.This Chinese gardening book showcases the Chinese art of penjing in all its aspects for the benefit of penjing aficionados and all other readers interested in Chinese culture. It covers the concept, history, categories, aesthetic features, techniques, display, appreciation, and preservation of penjing. It is a feast for the eyes while providing a wealth of information for the academically inclined as well as the practically minded. There are more than 300 lavish illustrations grouped into three different categories of penjing. The reader will not only be awed by the beautiful compositions of penjing, but will also learn about the Chinese approach to nature and to life.


Book Synopsis Penjing: The Chinese Art of Bonsai by : Qingquan Zhao

Download or read book Penjing: The Chinese Art of Bonsai written by Qingquan Zhao and published by Shanghai Press. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With hundreds of color photographs and illustrations, this Chinese gardening book is a wonderful introduction to penjing—China's treasured bonsai art.Although most people thing bonsai is a Japanese invention, the art originated in ancient China where it is called penjing. The two Chinese characters for penjing ("pot" and "landscape") capture the essence of this art: sculpting microcosms of the beauty of the natural world from plants, rocks, soil, and water, both as an artistic process and as horticultural cultivation.Both penjing and bonsai are art forms that express the beauty of nature. In China, bonsai, as a part of penjing, is often called "tree penjing," or "tree in a pot." The Chinese divide penjing into three categories: tree penjing, rock penjing, and water-and-land penjing.This Chinese gardening book showcases the Chinese art of penjing in all its aspects for the benefit of penjing aficionados and all other readers interested in Chinese culture. It covers the concept, history, categories, aesthetic features, techniques, display, appreciation, and preservation of penjing. It is a feast for the eyes while providing a wealth of information for the academically inclined as well as the practically minded. There are more than 300 lavish illustrations grouped into three different categories of penjing. The reader will not only be awed by the beautiful compositions of penjing, but will also learn about the Chinese approach to nature and to life.

Literati Style Penjing

Literati Style Penjing

Author: Qingquan Zhao

Publisher: Shanghai Press

Published: 2021-11-15

Total Pages: 375

ISBN-13: 1938368746

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The art of bonsai is widely known in the West: from the Karate Kid to the American Bonsai Association and even local grocery stores, bonsai has become a common sight in the States. But bonsai, the Japanese art of creating miniature trees, actually originated in China, where it's called penjing. Penjing, meaning "tray scenery," is a traditional Chinese art of creating miniature potted landscapes including trees and other plants. Brought from China to Japan in ancient times before spreading to the West, bonsai/penjing is now popular throughout the world.In China, the art of creating miniature landscapes has evolved in several different ways. Literati Style Penjing: Chinese Bonsai Masterworks focuses on a special category of penjing associated with traditional Chinese culture, such as the painting of the literati, or elite scholar-bureaucrats, of imperial China. Like literati ink paintings, this style of penjing has a subtle elegance distinguished by a lone, lean trunk with sparse foliage exhibiting distinct lines and simplicity.The term "literati style penjing" has been widely accepted by the bonsai community and is becoming more common within the bonsai world. It is well suited to melding concepts from Chinese painting, poetry and Zen into a stunning bonsai work, making it of interest to a wide variety of gardening styles.Literati Style Penjing; Chinese Bonsai Masterworks explains the concept of penjing with a literati bent, exploring its rich history and aesthetics, as well as cultivation techniques, and care and maintenance. It includes 12 examples of literati style penjing creations, which incorporate a deep knowledge of the art form together with practical creativity and artistic beauty.Lovers of bonsai will find much to inspire and delight within these pages.


Book Synopsis Literati Style Penjing by : Qingquan Zhao

Download or read book Literati Style Penjing written by Qingquan Zhao and published by Shanghai Press. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The art of bonsai is widely known in the West: from the Karate Kid to the American Bonsai Association and even local grocery stores, bonsai has become a common sight in the States. But bonsai, the Japanese art of creating miniature trees, actually originated in China, where it's called penjing. Penjing, meaning "tray scenery," is a traditional Chinese art of creating miniature potted landscapes including trees and other plants. Brought from China to Japan in ancient times before spreading to the West, bonsai/penjing is now popular throughout the world.In China, the art of creating miniature landscapes has evolved in several different ways. Literati Style Penjing: Chinese Bonsai Masterworks focuses on a special category of penjing associated with traditional Chinese culture, such as the painting of the literati, or elite scholar-bureaucrats, of imperial China. Like literati ink paintings, this style of penjing has a subtle elegance distinguished by a lone, lean trunk with sparse foliage exhibiting distinct lines and simplicity.The term "literati style penjing" has been widely accepted by the bonsai community and is becoming more common within the bonsai world. It is well suited to melding concepts from Chinese painting, poetry and Zen into a stunning bonsai work, making it of interest to a wide variety of gardening styles.Literati Style Penjing; Chinese Bonsai Masterworks explains the concept of penjing with a literati bent, exploring its rich history and aesthetics, as well as cultivation techniques, and care and maintenance. It includes 12 examples of literati style penjing creations, which incorporate a deep knowledge of the art form together with practical creativity and artistic beauty.Lovers of bonsai will find much to inspire and delight within these pages.

Literati Style Penjing

Literati Style Penjing

Author: Zhao Qingquan

Publisher: Shanghai Press

Published: 2015-04-07

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13: 9781602200180

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The art of bonsai is widely known in the West: from the Karate Kid to the American Bonsai Association and even local grocery stores, bonsai has become a common sight in the States. But bonsai, the Japanese art of creating miniature trees, actually originated in China, where it's called penjing. Penjing, meaning "tray scenery," is a traditional Chinese art of creating miniature potted landscapes including trees and other plants. Brought from China to Japan in ancient times before spreading to the West, bonsai/penjing is now popular throughout the world. In China, the art of creating miniature landscapes has evolved in several different ways. Literati Style Penjing: Chinese Bonsai Masterworks focuses on a special category of penjing associated with traditional Chinese culture, such as the painting of the literati, or elite scholar-bureaucrats, of imperial China. Like literati ink paintings, this style of penjing has a subtle elegance distinguished by a lone, lean trunk with sparse foliage exhibiting distinct lines and simplicity. The term "literati style penjing" has been widely accepted by the bonsai community and is becoming more common within the bonsai world. It is well suited to melding concepts from Chinese painting, poetry and Zen into a stunning bonsai work, making it of interest to a wide variety of gardening styles. Literati Style Penjing; Chinese Bonsai Masterworks explains the concept of penjing with a literati bent, exploring its rich history and aesthetics, as well as cultivation techniques, and care and maintenance. It includes 12 examples of literati style penjing creations, which incorporate a deep knowledge of the art form together with practical creativity and artistic beauty. Lovers of bonsai will find much to inspire and delight within these pages.


Book Synopsis Literati Style Penjing by : Zhao Qingquan

Download or read book Literati Style Penjing written by Zhao Qingquan and published by Shanghai Press. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The art of bonsai is widely known in the West: from the Karate Kid to the American Bonsai Association and even local grocery stores, bonsai has become a common sight in the States. But bonsai, the Japanese art of creating miniature trees, actually originated in China, where it's called penjing. Penjing, meaning "tray scenery," is a traditional Chinese art of creating miniature potted landscapes including trees and other plants. Brought from China to Japan in ancient times before spreading to the West, bonsai/penjing is now popular throughout the world. In China, the art of creating miniature landscapes has evolved in several different ways. Literati Style Penjing: Chinese Bonsai Masterworks focuses on a special category of penjing associated with traditional Chinese culture, such as the painting of the literati, or elite scholar-bureaucrats, of imperial China. Like literati ink paintings, this style of penjing has a subtle elegance distinguished by a lone, lean trunk with sparse foliage exhibiting distinct lines and simplicity. The term "literati style penjing" has been widely accepted by the bonsai community and is becoming more common within the bonsai world. It is well suited to melding concepts from Chinese painting, poetry and Zen into a stunning bonsai work, making it of interest to a wide variety of gardening styles. Literati Style Penjing; Chinese Bonsai Masterworks explains the concept of penjing with a literati bent, exploring its rich history and aesthetics, as well as cultivation techniques, and care and maintenance. It includes 12 examples of literati style penjing creations, which incorporate a deep knowledge of the art form together with practical creativity and artistic beauty. Lovers of bonsai will find much to inspire and delight within these pages.

Art of Bonsai

Art of Bonsai

Author: Yuji Yoshimura

Publisher: Tuttle Publishing

Published: 2012-07-09

Total Pages: 220

ISBN-13: 1462907121

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Learn the ins and outs of proper bonsai design and care with this comprehensive Japanese gardening book. Japanese bonsai have long been admired throughout the world while their care and preservation have seemed shrouded in mystery. The Art of Bonsai is, however, a comparatively simple art to learn. Anyone with a love a plants, a little patience and this eminently practical book can create bonsai and keep a finished plant healthy and vigorous for generations. Included in this definitive volume are: Detailed, illustrated instructions on propagation and training Hints for those growing bonsai in a hurry and apartment dwellers Daily and seasonal bonsai care practices Dealing with pests and bonsai troubleshooting How to judge, select and exhibit bonsai Detailed appendices on tools, equipment, soil analyses Data on more than 300 species of plants used in making bonsai This classic work remains an eminently practical book and is the classic guide to bonsai care. It contains the essentials of an art that is one of Japan's most treasured traditions—sculpting beauty in living wood.


Book Synopsis Art of Bonsai by : Yuji Yoshimura

Download or read book Art of Bonsai written by Yuji Yoshimura and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07-09 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the ins and outs of proper bonsai design and care with this comprehensive Japanese gardening book. Japanese bonsai have long been admired throughout the world while their care and preservation have seemed shrouded in mystery. The Art of Bonsai is, however, a comparatively simple art to learn. Anyone with a love a plants, a little patience and this eminently practical book can create bonsai and keep a finished plant healthy and vigorous for generations. Included in this definitive volume are: Detailed, illustrated instructions on propagation and training Hints for those growing bonsai in a hurry and apartment dwellers Daily and seasonal bonsai care practices Dealing with pests and bonsai troubleshooting How to judge, select and exhibit bonsai Detailed appendices on tools, equipment, soil analyses Data on more than 300 species of plants used in making bonsai This classic work remains an eminently practical book and is the classic guide to bonsai care. It contains the essentials of an art that is one of Japan's most treasured traditions—sculpting beauty in living wood.

Bonsai and Penjing

Bonsai and Penjing

Author: Ann McClellan

Publisher: Tuttle Publishing

Published: 2016-10-11

Total Pages: 128

ISBN-13: 1462918743

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This book tells the awe-inspiring stories of bonsai and penjing trees in the collection of the National Arboretum in Washington D.C. It details their valuable role in international diplomacy and as instruments of American presidential influence. It also describes their inclusion in world's fair exhibitions, in Asian-inspired gardens around the country, and as a window onto the extensive cultivation of bonsai in North America today. An extensive first-hand account by Dr. John L. Creech is included about the first extraordinary gift of 53 bonsai from Japan to the U.S. in 1976 which prompted the founding of the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum. Bonsai & Penjing, Ambassadors of Beauty and Peace describes how Chinese penjing and North American bonsai were later added to the Museum, making its collection the most comprehensive in the world. Stories of individual trees and forest plantings are featured, as are the roles played by the skilled and talented creators of these living art forms—people such as John Naka, Saburo Kato, Yuji Yoshimura, Harry Hirao, and Dr. Yee-Sun Wu. Armchair travelers can experience what a visit to the Museum is like, including the discovery of its remarkable viewing stones. Bonsai & Penjing, Ambassadors of Beauty and Peace will delight anyone intrigued by these living works of art and curious about the stories they bring to life.


Book Synopsis Bonsai and Penjing by : Ann McClellan

Download or read book Bonsai and Penjing written by Ann McClellan and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2016-10-11 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tells the awe-inspiring stories of bonsai and penjing trees in the collection of the National Arboretum in Washington D.C. It details their valuable role in international diplomacy and as instruments of American presidential influence. It also describes their inclusion in world's fair exhibitions, in Asian-inspired gardens around the country, and as a window onto the extensive cultivation of bonsai in North America today. An extensive first-hand account by Dr. John L. Creech is included about the first extraordinary gift of 53 bonsai from Japan to the U.S. in 1976 which prompted the founding of the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum. Bonsai & Penjing, Ambassadors of Beauty and Peace describes how Chinese penjing and North American bonsai were later added to the Museum, making its collection the most comprehensive in the world. Stories of individual trees and forest plantings are featured, as are the roles played by the skilled and talented creators of these living art forms—people such as John Naka, Saburo Kato, Yuji Yoshimura, Harry Hirao, and Dr. Yee-Sun Wu. Armchair travelers can experience what a visit to the Museum is like, including the discovery of its remarkable viewing stones. Bonsai & Penjing, Ambassadors of Beauty and Peace will delight anyone intrigued by these living works of art and curious about the stories they bring to life.

Bonsai

Bonsai

Author: Peter Chan

Publisher: Simon and Schuster

Published: 2014-05-06

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 162914262X

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For everyone from beginners to masters, the one essential book to growing, grooming, and caring for your bonsai tree. Bonsai is the ancient craft of carefully regulating the growth and shape of trees in order to produce miniature versions of mature trees. Dating back over one thousand years to ancient Japan, bonsai trees are some of the most beautiful and meticulously looked-after plants in the world, and in recent years bonsai have exploded in popularity in the Western world. Bonsai, written by world-renowned bonsai expert Peter Chan, is the essential compendium for anyone interested in trying out bonsai for the first time or adding more bonsai to their existing collections, detailing everything you need to know about buying and maintaining a magnificent bonsai tree, including: How to pick the right bonsai for you Tools and supplies to ensure your bonsai prospers How to shape your bonsai into different styles How different pots affect the growth of your bonsai And much more! With hundreds of color photographs and easy-to-read directions and explanations on a variety of subjects, Bonsai is the only book you’ll ever need to successfully start and maintain your own beautiful bonsai tree collection.


Book Synopsis Bonsai by : Peter Chan

Download or read book Bonsai written by Peter Chan and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2014-05-06 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For everyone from beginners to masters, the one essential book to growing, grooming, and caring for your bonsai tree. Bonsai is the ancient craft of carefully regulating the growth and shape of trees in order to produce miniature versions of mature trees. Dating back over one thousand years to ancient Japan, bonsai trees are some of the most beautiful and meticulously looked-after plants in the world, and in recent years bonsai have exploded in popularity in the Western world. Bonsai, written by world-renowned bonsai expert Peter Chan, is the essential compendium for anyone interested in trying out bonsai for the first time or adding more bonsai to their existing collections, detailing everything you need to know about buying and maintaining a magnificent bonsai tree, including: How to pick the right bonsai for you Tools and supplies to ensure your bonsai prospers How to shape your bonsai into different styles How different pots affect the growth of your bonsai And much more! With hundreds of color photographs and easy-to-read directions and explanations on a variety of subjects, Bonsai is the only book you’ll ever need to successfully start and maintain your own beautiful bonsai tree collection.

Bonsai

Bonsai

Author: Jack Douthitt

Publisher:

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 152

ISBN-13:

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Bonsai pays tribute to the artistry and design behind these fascinating miniature trees. The text compares the ancient art of bonsai to the traditional arts and focuses on the specific design elements of the bonsai--the roots, trunk, branches, foliage, and container--and discusses how bonsai artists manipulate these elements for a specific effect. Unlike the traditional arts, bonsai requires working with material that is alive and ever-changing, presenting unique challenges and rewards. Featured are photographs from the most highly-regarded bonsai artists throughout the world. The bonsai photographed are not only the most popular pine, juniper, elm, and boxwood, but also the more exotic or colorful rhododendron, crabapple, wisteria, and bougainvillea. A useful reference section provides a list of public bonsai collections worlds.


Book Synopsis Bonsai by : Jack Douthitt

Download or read book Bonsai written by Jack Douthitt and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bonsai pays tribute to the artistry and design behind these fascinating miniature trees. The text compares the ancient art of bonsai to the traditional arts and focuses on the specific design elements of the bonsai--the roots, trunk, branches, foliage, and container--and discusses how bonsai artists manipulate these elements for a specific effect. Unlike the traditional arts, bonsai requires working with material that is alive and ever-changing, presenting unique challenges and rewards. Featured are photographs from the most highly-regarded bonsai artists throughout the world. The bonsai photographed are not only the most popular pine, juniper, elm, and boxwood, but also the more exotic or colorful rhododendron, crabapple, wisteria, and bougainvillea. A useful reference section provides a list of public bonsai collections worlds.

Forest Penjing

Forest Penjing

Author: Qingquan Zhao

Publisher: Shanghai Press

Published: 2022-01-10

Total Pages: 254

ISBN-13: 1938368584

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The word penjing can be roughly translated from the Chinese as "potted scenery." It is the original, older form of the art of bonsai. Penjing aims to embody entire natural scenes within individual works. Penjing is sometimes described as Chinese landscape painting in three dimensions. It aims to make viewers feel as though they were really in nature, contemplating the ripples on the surface of a lake or sheltering from the sun in the shade of a tree. It is an art form that is still, yet full of dynamic energy, embodying the natural beauty of trees, stones, and water. The book gives detailed guidance and instruction to those who wish to create a vivid miniature landscape of their own. It also describes the creation process of several outstanding examples of forest penjing, with accompanying photographs from each stage of their “journey” towards completion.Meant for beginners and experts alike, the information and techniques outlined in this book can help sow the seed of a new love for penjing or to refine the craft of a seasoned penjing designer.


Book Synopsis Forest Penjing by : Qingquan Zhao

Download or read book Forest Penjing written by Qingquan Zhao and published by Shanghai Press. This book was released on 2022-01-10 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The word penjing can be roughly translated from the Chinese as "potted scenery." It is the original, older form of the art of bonsai. Penjing aims to embody entire natural scenes within individual works. Penjing is sometimes described as Chinese landscape painting in three dimensions. It aims to make viewers feel as though they were really in nature, contemplating the ripples on the surface of a lake or sheltering from the sun in the shade of a tree. It is an art form that is still, yet full of dynamic energy, embodying the natural beauty of trees, stones, and water. The book gives detailed guidance and instruction to those who wish to create a vivid miniature landscape of their own. It also describes the creation process of several outstanding examples of forest penjing, with accompanying photographs from each stage of their “journey” towards completion.Meant for beginners and experts alike, the information and techniques outlined in this book can help sow the seed of a new love for penjing or to refine the craft of a seasoned penjing designer.

The Living Art of Bonsai

The Living Art of Bonsai

Author: Walter Liew

Publisher: Island Heritage

Published: 2007-12

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781597001854

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The practice of bonsai (a potted tree or shrub that possesses the natural beauty of the larger tree in the wild) in Hawaii and throughout history is handsomely depicted in this informative, well-illustrated book. It includes an overview of the basic elements of composition, plus stunning photography and in-depth descriptions of each of the 13 bonsai styles and specific techniques such as pruning and choosing the right tree or shrub. An essential reference for all bonsai enthusiasts, it celebrates this ancient art form’s physical and metaphysical beauty as well as its ability to enhance one’s spiritual appreciation of the natural world.


Book Synopsis The Living Art of Bonsai by : Walter Liew

Download or read book The Living Art of Bonsai written by Walter Liew and published by Island Heritage. This book was released on 2007-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practice of bonsai (a potted tree or shrub that possesses the natural beauty of the larger tree in the wild) in Hawaii and throughout history is handsomely depicted in this informative, well-illustrated book. It includes an overview of the basic elements of composition, plus stunning photography and in-depth descriptions of each of the 13 bonsai styles and specific techniques such as pruning and choosing the right tree or shrub. An essential reference for all bonsai enthusiasts, it celebrates this ancient art form’s physical and metaphysical beauty as well as its ability to enhance one’s spiritual appreciation of the natural world.