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The first of its kind for budget-impact analysis, this comprehensive guide provides clear and concise instructions for evaluating the impact that new pharmaceuticals will have on the budget for a specific jurisdiction. The book demonstrates how to create a budget-impact analysis using a simple six-step process that is consistent with current guidelines for these analyses. Examples and exercises for each chapter afford an opportunity to practice the six-step process in practical applications. The book progresses from a framework for budget impact analyses to an in-depth review of components and how to develop and present these in software applications and reports. Critical considerations such as uncertainty analysis and validation, and considerations for alternate interventions, such as vaccines and diagnostics, are also covered. This book is a “must have” for the builder and budget holder, with builders benefiting from instructions to identify and estimate all necessary variables and budget holders receiving a guide to what should be included in the analyses they assess.
Book Synopsis Budget-Impact Analysis of Health Care Interventions by : Josephine Mauskopf
Download or read book Budget-Impact Analysis of Health Care Interventions written by Josephine Mauskopf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of its kind for budget-impact analysis, this comprehensive guide provides clear and concise instructions for evaluating the impact that new pharmaceuticals will have on the budget for a specific jurisdiction. The book demonstrates how to create a budget-impact analysis using a simple six-step process that is consistent with current guidelines for these analyses. Examples and exercises for each chapter afford an opportunity to practice the six-step process in practical applications. The book progresses from a framework for budget impact analyses to an in-depth review of components and how to develop and present these in software applications and reports. Critical considerations such as uncertainty analysis and validation, and considerations for alternate interventions, such as vaccines and diagnostics, are also covered. This book is a “must have” for the builder and budget holder, with builders benefiting from instructions to identify and estimate all necessary variables and budget holders receiving a guide to what should be included in the analyses they assess.
In this book the authors explore the state of the art on efficiency measurement in health systems and international experts offer insights into the pitfalls and potential associated with various measurement techniques. The authors show that: - The core idea of efficiency is easy to understand in principle - maximizing valued outputs relative to inputs, but is often difficult to make operational in real-life situations - There have been numerous advances in data collection and availability, as well as innovative methodological approaches that give valuable insights into how efficiently health care is delivered - Our simple analytical framework can facilitate the development and interpretation of efficiency indicators.
Book Synopsis Health System Efficiency by : Jonathan Cylus
Download or read book Health System Efficiency written by Jonathan Cylus and published by Health Policy. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the authors explore the state of the art on efficiency measurement in health systems and international experts offer insights into the pitfalls and potential associated with various measurement techniques. The authors show that: - The core idea of efficiency is easy to understand in principle - maximizing valued outputs relative to inputs, but is often difficult to make operational in real-life situations - There have been numerous advances in data collection and availability, as well as innovative methodological approaches that give valuable insights into how efficiently health care is delivered - Our simple analytical framework can facilitate the development and interpretation of efficiency indicators.
To order please visit https://onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca/press/books/ordering/
Book Synopsis Handbook of EHealth Evaluation by : Francis Yin Yee Lau
Download or read book Handbook of EHealth Evaluation written by Francis Yin Yee Lau and published by . This book was released on 2016-11 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To order please visit https://onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca/press/books/ordering/
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Before new interventions are released into disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in field trials'. These may be complex and expensive undertakings, requiring the follow-up of hundreds, or thousands, of individuals, often for long periods. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in the trials that have been conducted have rarely been published. A consequence of this, individuals planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to knowledge accumulated previously, other than their own. In this manual, practical issues in trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail, that Field Trials of Health Interventions may be used as a toolbox' by field investigators. It has been compiled by an international group of over 30 authors with direct experience in the design, conduct, and analysis of field trials in low and middle income countries and is based on their accumulated knowledge and experience. Available as an open access book via Oxford Medicine Online, this new edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the new developments that have taken place in recent years with respect to trials, including seven new chapters on subjects ranging from trial governance, and preliminary studies to pilot testing.
Book Synopsis Field Trials of Health Interventions by : Peter G. Smith
Download or read book Field Trials of Health Interventions written by Peter G. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Before new interventions are released into disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in field trials'. These may be complex and expensive undertakings, requiring the follow-up of hundreds, or thousands, of individuals, often for long periods. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in the trials that have been conducted have rarely been published. A consequence of this, individuals planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to knowledge accumulated previously, other than their own. In this manual, practical issues in trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail, that Field Trials of Health Interventions may be used as a toolbox' by field investigators. It has been compiled by an international group of over 30 authors with direct experience in the design, conduct, and analysis of field trials in low and middle income countries and is based on their accumulated knowledge and experience. Available as an open access book via Oxford Medicine Online, this new edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the new developments that have taken place in recent years with respect to trials, including seven new chapters on subjects ranging from trial governance, and preliminary studies to pilot testing.
Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders are common, highly disabling, and associated with significant premature mortality. The impact of these disorders on the social and economic well-being of individuals, families, and societies is large, growing, and underestimated. Despite this burden, these disorders have been systematically neglected, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, with pitifully small contributions to scaling up cost-effective prevention and treatment strategies. Systematically compiling the substantial existing knowledge to address this inequity is the central goal of this volume. This evidence-base can help policy makers in resource-constrained settings as they prioritize programs and interventions to address these disorders.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 4) by : Vikram Patel
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 4) written by Vikram Patel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders are common, highly disabling, and associated with significant premature mortality. The impact of these disorders on the social and economic well-being of individuals, families, and societies is large, growing, and underestimated. Despite this burden, these disorders have been systematically neglected, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, with pitifully small contributions to scaling up cost-effective prevention and treatment strategies. Systematically compiling the substantial existing knowledge to address this inequity is the central goal of this volume. This evidence-base can help policy makers in resource-constrained settings as they prioritize programs and interventions to address these disorders.
"This new text is designed for a student or practitioner who is unfamiliar with "pharmacoeconomics." It provides a straightforward explanation of the essential pharmacoeconomics topics outlined by The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE). It defines terminology used in research and covers the application of economic-based evaluation methods for pharmaceutical products and services. Users will find examples of how pharmacoeconomic evaluations relate to decisions that affect patient care and health-related quality of life"--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis Essentials of Pharmacoeconomics by : Karen Rascati
Download or read book Essentials of Pharmacoeconomics written by Karen Rascati and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2013-11-14 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This new text is designed for a student or practitioner who is unfamiliar with "pharmacoeconomics." It provides a straightforward explanation of the essential pharmacoeconomics topics outlined by The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE). It defines terminology used in research and covers the application of economic-based evaluation methods for pharmaceutical products and services. Users will find examples of how pharmacoeconomic evaluations relate to decisions that affect patient care and health-related quality of life"--Provided by publisher.
CEAs (cost-effectiveness analyses) are used by decision makers in the health sector to make enlightened evaluations and this book provides an in depth look at how to evaluate the evaluator. The book is aimed specifically at Public health specialists.
Book Synopsis Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine by : Peter J. Neumann
Download or read book Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine written by Peter J. Neumann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CEAs (cost-effectiveness analyses) are used by decision makers in the health sector to make enlightened evaluations and this book provides an in depth look at how to evaluate the evaluator. The book is aimed specifically at Public health specialists.
During the past century the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States have shifted from those related to communicable diseases to those due to chronic diseases. Just as the major causes of morbidity and mortality have changed, so too has the understanding of health and what makes people healthy or ill. Research has documented the importance of the social determinants of health (for example, socioeconomic status and education) that affect health directly as well as through their impact on other health determinants such as risk factors. Targeting interventions toward the conditions associated with today's challenges to living a healthy life requires an increased emphasis on the factors that affect the current cause of morbidity and mortality, factors such as the social determinants of health. Many community-based prevention interventions target such conditions. Community-based prevention interventions offer three distinct strengths. First, because the intervention is implemented population-wide it is inclusive and not dependent on access to a health care system. Second, by directing strategies at an entire population an intervention can reach individuals at all levels of risk. And finally, some lifestyle and behavioral risk factors are shaped by conditions not under an individual's control. For example, encouraging an individual to eat healthy food when none is accessible undermines the potential for successful behavioral change. Community-based prevention interventions can be designed to affect environmental and social conditions that are out of the reach of clinical services. Four foundations - the California Endowment, the de Beaumont Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation - asked the Institute of Medicine to convene an expert committee to develop a framework for assessing the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, especially those targeting the prevention of long-term, chronic diseases. The charge to the committee was to define community-based, non-clinical prevention policy and wellness strategies; define the value for community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies; and analyze current frameworks used to assess the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, including the methodologies and measures used and the short- and long-term impacts of such prevention policy and wellness strategies on health care spending and public health. An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention summarizes the committee's findings.
Book Synopsis An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past century the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States have shifted from those related to communicable diseases to those due to chronic diseases. Just as the major causes of morbidity and mortality have changed, so too has the understanding of health and what makes people healthy or ill. Research has documented the importance of the social determinants of health (for example, socioeconomic status and education) that affect health directly as well as through their impact on other health determinants such as risk factors. Targeting interventions toward the conditions associated with today's challenges to living a healthy life requires an increased emphasis on the factors that affect the current cause of morbidity and mortality, factors such as the social determinants of health. Many community-based prevention interventions target such conditions. Community-based prevention interventions offer three distinct strengths. First, because the intervention is implemented population-wide it is inclusive and not dependent on access to a health care system. Second, by directing strategies at an entire population an intervention can reach individuals at all levels of risk. And finally, some lifestyle and behavioral risk factors are shaped by conditions not under an individual's control. For example, encouraging an individual to eat healthy food when none is accessible undermines the potential for successful behavioral change. Community-based prevention interventions can be designed to affect environmental and social conditions that are out of the reach of clinical services. Four foundations - the California Endowment, the de Beaumont Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation - asked the Institute of Medicine to convene an expert committee to develop a framework for assessing the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, especially those targeting the prevention of long-term, chronic diseases. The charge to the committee was to define community-based, non-clinical prevention policy and wellness strategies; define the value for community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies; and analyze current frameworks used to assess the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, including the methodologies and measures used and the short- and long-term impacts of such prevention policy and wellness strategies on health care spending and public health. An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention summarizes the committee's findings.
Economic evidence contributes to the organization of efficient health care and to the promotion of the best health outcomes within budgetary constraints. Despite some inherent limitations, its importance has increased across the globe amid growing concern over the rise in the costs of health care. In the United States, this is coupled with a Federal presence in health policy regulation and financing, leading to reconsideration of the role of economic and clinical evidence in decisionmaking by leading actors. In the United States, the comparative effectiveness of medical interventions undergoes rigorous evaluation. However, there is limited use of economic data in comparing health interventions and creating rational policy in the United States when compared with best practices in other high-income countries. This is despite repeated calls for integrating economic evaluation data routinely into the U.S. health care policy process. The economic evidence about health care interventions refers to such characteristics as cost, price elasticity, efficiency, and value data, either collected empirically or synthesized in economic modeling.19 Economic evaluation combines economic data, such as cost-utility ratios, net monetary benefit, and total budget impact estimates, leading to summary economic information on the characteristics of interventions. Examples are a cost-utility ratio, a cost-effectiveness ratio, the net monetary benefit, or a total budget impact estimate. Cost-effectiveness analysis is a specific type of formalized economic evaluation commonly used in the consideration of economic evidence in health care. It typically focuses on the incremental changes in costs and health benefits after the introduction of a medical intervention as compared to an initial situation, and is meant to aid rational decisionmaking. This type of analysis has become the most common mechanism for generating economic evidence in decisionmaking both inside and outside the United States. Evidence from systematic reviews of clinical outcomes presently plays an established role in determining the comparative effectiveness of medical interventions and is useful in developing clinical practice guidelines, making efficacy-based coverage decisions, and in formulating general health policy. The processes of searching for and summarizing the results of studies have been standardized with the goal of demonstrating clinical efficacy and effectiveness in a uniform way, using all available information. Systematic reviews may also be valuable in evaluating the economic impact of introducing interventions. Around the world, standardized guides have been developed to conduct state-of-the-art economic evaluations, to include economic data in systematic reviews, to systematically review economic data, and to use systematic reviews to inform economic evaluations. In the United States, however, the systematic inclusion of economic outcomes and the review of economic data in systematic reviews to inform health policy is not standardized as is already the case for clinical outcomes.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Impact of Economic Evidence on Policymakers in Health Care by : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Download or read book Assessing the Impact of Economic Evidence on Policymakers in Health Care written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic evidence contributes to the organization of efficient health care and to the promotion of the best health outcomes within budgetary constraints. Despite some inherent limitations, its importance has increased across the globe amid growing concern over the rise in the costs of health care. In the United States, this is coupled with a Federal presence in health policy regulation and financing, leading to reconsideration of the role of economic and clinical evidence in decisionmaking by leading actors. In the United States, the comparative effectiveness of medical interventions undergoes rigorous evaluation. However, there is limited use of economic data in comparing health interventions and creating rational policy in the United States when compared with best practices in other high-income countries. This is despite repeated calls for integrating economic evaluation data routinely into the U.S. health care policy process. The economic evidence about health care interventions refers to such characteristics as cost, price elasticity, efficiency, and value data, either collected empirically or synthesized in economic modeling.19 Economic evaluation combines economic data, such as cost-utility ratios, net monetary benefit, and total budget impact estimates, leading to summary economic information on the characteristics of interventions. Examples are a cost-utility ratio, a cost-effectiveness ratio, the net monetary benefit, or a total budget impact estimate. Cost-effectiveness analysis is a specific type of formalized economic evaluation commonly used in the consideration of economic evidence in health care. It typically focuses on the incremental changes in costs and health benefits after the introduction of a medical intervention as compared to an initial situation, and is meant to aid rational decisionmaking. This type of analysis has become the most common mechanism for generating economic evidence in decisionmaking both inside and outside the United States. Evidence from systematic reviews of clinical outcomes presently plays an established role in determining the comparative effectiveness of medical interventions and is useful in developing clinical practice guidelines, making efficacy-based coverage decisions, and in formulating general health policy. The processes of searching for and summarizing the results of studies have been standardized with the goal of demonstrating clinical efficacy and effectiveness in a uniform way, using all available information. Systematic reviews may also be valuable in evaluating the economic impact of introducing interventions. Around the world, standardized guides have been developed to conduct state-of-the-art economic evaluations, to include economic data in systematic reviews, to systematically review economic data, and to use systematic reviews to inform economic evaluations. In the United States, however, the systematic inclusion of economic outcomes and the review of economic data in systematic reviews to inform health policy is not standardized as is already the case for clinical outcomes.
As concern over costs grows in the health care sector, those involved in health economics require a clear understanding of methods used in cost-effectiveness, cost benefit, and cost-utility studies. This book provides the reader with the necessary methodological tools for undertaking the task of economic evaluation and includes discussions of many case studies, helpful illustrations, and simple exercises.
Book Synopsis Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes by : M. F. Drummond
Download or read book Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes written by M. F. Drummond and published by Oxford [Oxfordshire] ; Toronto : Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1987-01 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As concern over costs grows in the health care sector, those involved in health economics require a clear understanding of methods used in cost-effectiveness, cost benefit, and cost-utility studies. This book provides the reader with the necessary methodological tools for undertaking the task of economic evaluation and includes discussions of many case studies, helpful illustrations, and simple exercises.
